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test 1! Flashcards

1
Q

difference between rhonchi and rales

A

rhonchi is long pitched sounds, snoring or rattle like sounds.
rales are fine crackles/popping sound; similar to velcro being pulled apart

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2
Q

when would you here rhonchi sounds

A

(COPD), bronchiectasis, pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, or cystic fibrosis

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3
Q

Stridor, Grunting, Sub Q, Wheezing

A

Laryngeal-tracheal

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4
Q

what all does an ABG measure

A

oxygen status
acidity of the blood
HCO3 in arterial blood
acid-base balance

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5
Q

To detect early signs or symptoms of inadequate oxygenation, the nurse would examine the patient for

A

Apprehension and restlessness

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6
Q

blood studies

A

CBC, ABG

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7
Q

what is an assessment

A

anytime you’re getting new information or gathering information from a patient

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8
Q

monitors exhaled CO2

A

Capnography ; much better tool than pulse ox

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9
Q

says whether the RBC are saturated and how much

A

pulse ox

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10
Q

if someone has been exposed to carbon monoxide what is a useless tool at that point

A

pulse ox

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11
Q

most commonly performed radiological test

A

chest x ray

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12
Q

Provides anatomical location and appearance of the lungs

A

chest x ray

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13
Q

Direct Visualization of the larynx, trachea and bronchi with a fiberoptic bronchoscope

A

bronchoscopy

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14
Q

removal of fluid

A

centesis

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15
Q

Removal of fluid or air from the pleural space via a transthoracic aspiration

A

Thoracentesis

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16
Q

looks for mismatches between ventilation and perfusion

A

v and p scan ; usually done for pulmonary embolism

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17
Q

Used to evaluation lung function with spirometer

A

pulmonary function; used for obstructive pulmonary disease

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18
Q

what do you use the pulmonary function test for

A

COPD and asthma patients; not invasive!!

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19
Q

whats associated with a deviated septum

A

allergies

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20
Q

with CSF leaks what are we worried about

A

meningitis

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21
Q

what to do for a nasal fracture

A

maintain airway in upright position
give ice for swelling
no hot showers
give tyelnol but no NSAIDS! (can increase bleeding)

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22
Q

differences in nasal surgery

A

rhinoplasty- cosmetic surgery

Septoplasty- medical surgery

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23
Q

what to teach patient after having nose surgery

A

blowing nose, avoid pools, avoid strenuous activities

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24
Q

what are we worried about with epistaxis

A

observe for respiratory distress. posterior bleeds are hard to stop

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25
what does sinusitis effect
maxillary and frontal sinuses
26
whats important nursing intervention for a person with sinusitis
keeping them hydrated because they are losing fluids through secretions
27
Can be viral, bacterial or fungal
pharyngitis
28
what do we worry about with pharyngitis
paratonsil or abscess
29
White, irregular patches suggest
fungal infection with Candida Albicans; yeast infection
30
what kind of organism is a yeast infection
opportunistic organism; meaning it doesn't cause infection unless it has the opportunity to do so
31
what do we treat strep with
penicillin
32
what do we treat fungal pharyngitis with
nystatin
33
Complication of acute pharyngitis or acute tonsillitis
Peritonsilar Abscess
34
influenza deaths occur in what age group
60 or older
35
upper airway sound that means obstruction
stridor
36
unconscious patient what do you do first
jaw thrust to open the airway and to stabilize the cervical spine
37
risk factors for OSA
obesity, short and wide neck, and large uvuvla
38
direct risk factors of having OSA
stroke, hypertension, heart failure,
39
profusely sweating
DIAPHORESIS
40
2 viral infections that are most overprescribed
acute bronchitis and sinusitis
41
48-72 hours after intubation
ventilator associated pneumonia
42
Within 48 hrs or longer after admission
hospital acquired
43
Encompasses 3 forms (HAP, VAP, & HCAP)
medical care associated
44
In hospital for 2 days/longer w/in 90 days, resided in long-term care facility, IV anti bx, chemo, or wound care w/in 30 days, attended hospital or dialysis clinica
health care associated
45
an older adult who is newly confused, what should you think
infection first -UTI and/or pneumonia
46
increased fremitus means
increased vibrations
47
what is a test you can do on your patient with pneumonia while listening to lung sounds
egophony ; E sounds turn to A
48
Most common bacterial infection WORLDWIDE
TB
49
how is TB transmitted
airborne precautions- N95 mask
50
when is a TB patient not considered contagious
when they've had 3 negative AFB smears
51
whats the main sign of active TB
persistent cough, also night sweats, fever, chills
52
what is the TB test
mantoux
53
most common origin for a pulmonary embolism
DVT
54
what is the priority for a person with a PE
put them on an anticoagulant- heparin/coumadin
55
thrombolytics
they go in and break up clots; can cause bleeding
56
ptt, inr, bnp labs
know values
57
keeps clot from enlarging, prevents formation of new clots
heparin
58
lab value to look for when taking heparin
ptt
59
started on third day of heparin use
Coumadin
60
lab value to look for when taking coumadin
inr
61
if someone has heart failure what lab are you interested in
BNP
62
normal inr
0.8-1.2
63
therapeutic inr
2-3
64
Which drug is INR used to determine dosing?
o Warfarin | o Ptt goes with heparin
65
normal ptt
21-35
66
antidote for heparin
protamine sulfate
67
antidote for warfarin
vitamin k
68
#1 trigger for asthma
respiratory infections followed by allergies
69
what is albuterol given for
patients with asthma; it dilates the bronchial tube so more air can move through
70
asthma is
an unpredictable course
71
what are people with asthma on a corticosteroid
because inflammation is one of their major problems; corticosteroid helps with inflammation; acute exasterbation
72
how much volume of air a person is getting out
peak flow meter
73
how much volume of air a person is keeping in
incentive spirometry
74
what does a spacer for an inhaler do
it helps trap the medicine so if patient didn't get all of it on the first puff they will on the second; every patient with an inhaler should be prescribed a spacer
75
someone with an asthma attack, if not treated they can end up having
respiratory acidosis
76
preventable and treatable disease but not reversible
copd
77
largely reversible airflow limitation
asthma; if we dont treat patients appropriately then it can become irreversible
78
cor pulmonale
right sided heart failure ; copd complication
79
4 or more L of nasal can requires
humidifier
80
upper air way can’t get air in
stridor
81
is lower respiratory can’t get air out
wheezing; asthma and copd

adult health (10 decks)

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