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Animal Parasitology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

3 classes of flatworms

A

Turbellaria
Trematoda
Cestoda

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2
Q

Life cycle stages

A

Egg-miracidium-sporocyst-redia-cercaria-metacercaria

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3
Q

Upon entering a snail the miracudium loses its cilia and transforms into a sac-like body called a

A

Sporocyst

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4
Q

Miracidum morphology- small elongate organism covered by

A

Cilia

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5
Q

Miracidium

At anterior end is the ____ that functions in contacting the snail intermediate host.

A

Apical papilla

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6
Q

Miracidium
The apical papilla contains openings from ____ When a snail is contacted the penetration glands secrete enzymes to aid in embedding the miracidium within the snails tissues

A

Apical gland

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7
Q

Miracidium

____ are common for photo reception

A

Eye spots

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8
Q

A mass of _____ lies in the posterior end. These cells divide asexually to form the next larval generation

A

Germinal cells

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9
Q

Sporocyst

A
  • no mouth or digestive system

- germinal sacs; mother sporocyst - daughter sporocyst or redos or cercaria

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10
Q

In some digenetic trematodes, the germ cells in the mother sporocyst divide asexually to give rise to another generation of sporocyst s called _____ Mother sporocyst bursts to release these daughter sporocyst a

A

Daughter sporocyst

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11
Q

In other trematodes the germ cells of the mother sporocyst form a new larval stage called the

A

Redial stage

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12
Q

Each redia contains a ___ and short ____

A

Mouth

Intestine

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13
Q

___ in the mother rediae may develop into a second generation of rediae called ____ or may develop into ____ or ____

A

Host tissue
Germinal cells
Daughter redia
Cercaria

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14
Q

Where do Metacercaria occur

A

May occur within a second intermediate host or on aquatic vegetation

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15
Q

When the second intermeduate host or aquatic vegetation containing metacercaria ______ in the digestive tract and matures to the _____

A

Excyst

Adult stage

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16
Q

Family Diplostomidae

Alaria americana

A

Parasite of carnivorous animals
May involve multiple intermediate hosts forming a mesocercaria
Paratenic hosts

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17
Q

Paratenic host

A

Not essential but can help bridge the gap between intermediate host and the primary so that the parasite can finish its life cycle

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18
Q

Life cycle of Alaria americana

A

Alaria americana is a three- host trematode that lives as adults in the intestine of the dog definitive host. Eggs are passed in faeces and hatch in water, releasing miracidia which penetrate the helisomid freshwater snails (first intermediate host) and develop through the sporocyst stage into fercocircus cercaria that penetrates a tadpole (second intermediate host) and transforms into the unencysted stage called mesocercaria

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19
Q

Black spot

A

Uvulifer
Encysted parasite on minnows
Produce melamine that surrounds the cyst to make the black spot
Kingfisher bird

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20
Q

Life cycle of Uvulifer

A 
Egg
Miracidium 
Sporocyst
(Snail) first intermediate 
Fircocircus cercaria free living
Metacercaria
Fish (second intermediate)
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21
Q

What was Shistosomiasis formerly known as

A

Bilharzia
German dude
Discovered the worm named it after himself

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22
Q

Name the three important species of Schistosoma infecting humans

A

Schistosoma mansoni
Schistosoma haematobium
Schistosoma japonicum

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23
Q

The slave trade introduced S. mansoni to South America but why not North America?

A

Aquatic snail intermediate host

Tropical climate

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24
Q

How is the Schistosoma parasite unique among digeneans?

A

Dioecious

Sexually dimorphic

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25
Schistosoma Mansoni morphology
Most spines 6-8 testes Smallest Live in the veins around the urinary bladder
26
Schistosoma haematobium morphology
4-5 testes | Venules-veins
27
Schistosoma japonicum
``` Largest 7 testes No spines Produce the most eggs 1500-3000 eggs a day ```
28
How do female Schistosoma mature
The female is housed in the gynecophoral canal and most remain in contact with the male so that it can get the nutrients it needs to mature. If it doesn’t meet a male then it cannot mature or produce eggs and will die
29
Schistosoma life cycle
Schistosoma eggs are eliminated with feces or urine, depending on species image . Under appropriate conditions the eggs hatch and release miracidia image , which swim and penetrate specific snail intermediate hosts image . The stages in the snail include two generations of sporocysts image and the production of cercariae image . Upon release from the snail, the infective cercariae swim, penetrate the skin of the human host image , and shed their forked tails, becoming schistosomulae
30
Granulomas
Calcified nodules
31
How do you control Schistosoma?
Snail control Adequate sewage treatment Education Medication
32
What is the drug used for the early stages of Schistosoma?
Praziquantel
33
Night soil
Human waste as fertilizer Illegal in the US Runoff into water passing parasites
34
Fasciola hepatica
``` Probably the most studied of the trematodes Oral cone and shoulders Regiment with spines Adult in bile passages Watercress ```
35
Life cycle of Fasciola hepatica
``` -Water- Operculated egg in feces Egg embryonates in water -Snails- Miracidium penetrates snail Sporocyst 1st gen redia 2nd gen redia -WaterPlants- Free swimming cercaria -Herbivores/man- Metacercaria ~ingested Excysts in duodenum ~penetrates duodenum wall ~enters peritoneal cavity ~penetrates liver ~settles in biliary passages ```
36
Symptoms and pathology of Fasciola hepatica
- chills, fever m, backache, cirrhotic liver, inflammation and edema in bile duct - migrating juveniles cause abscesses - eggs in fecal matter - Halzoun from infected liver consumption
37
Other Fasciolid species
Fasciola gigantica | Fasciolopsis buski - 2 times bigger than hepatica
38
Dicrocoelium dentriticum
Lance like liver fluke Rarely infects humans; bile duct/ gallbladder in sheep and cattle Unusual in that no aquatic life stage occurs
39
``` Morphology of Dicrocoelium dendriticum Characteristic feature is the _____ -testes are lined in tandem -posterior to the testes is _____ Posterior portion of body consists of a ____ ```
Pointed on both ends (lance) And dilobed testes Ovary Uterus
40
Life cycle of Dicrocoelium
Eggs Eggs ingested by snail (Miracidum, sporocyst, redia, cercaria, inside snail tissue) Cercariae are released from the snail via the respiratory pore in a slime bail Metacercariae on ants Cattle
41
Chinese liver fluke
Clonorchis sinensis
42
How do you get Clonorchis sinensis
Eating raw or undercooked fish
43
Life cycle of Clonorchis sinensis
``` Egg hatches in water -snail first intermediate host Miracidum, sporocyst, redia (in snail) Cercaria Encysted Metacercaria in fish musculature -fish second intermediate host Consumption of infected fish Excysting Metacercaria Excysted Metacercaria Adult ```
44
Two types of life cycles what are they
Order Cyclophyllidea | Order Psiedophyllidea
45
Pseudophyllidea pattern
``` Egg Coracidium Procercoid Plerocercoid Adult cestode ```
46
Cyclophyllidea
``` Egg Oncosphere - Cysticercus -Cysticercoid -Coenurus -Hydatid Adult cestode ```
47
Broad fish tapeworm
Diphyllobothrium latum
48
Life cycle of Diphyllobothrium latum
Egg release coracidia Coracidia are ingested by copepods Coracidia becomes Procercoid larvae Copepod is ingested by fish, release larvae Procercoid larvae become Plerocercoid larvae Humans ingest fish and plerocercoid
49
Beef tapeworm
Taenia saginata
50
Life cycle of Taenia saginata
``` Eggs in feces Ingested by specific intermediate host Hecacanth embryo released in intestine of host Penetrates mucosa to tissue Develops into cysticercus -Cow Human ingests undercooked meat Cysticercus dissolved in intestine Scolex released Attaches to intestine Develops into adult ```
51
Taenia solium
Pork tapeworm
52
Life cycle of Taenia solium
``` Eggs in feces Ingested by specific intermediate host Hecacanth embryo released in intestine of host Penetrates mucosa to tissue Develops into cysticercus -Pig Human ingests undercooked meat Cysticercus dissolved in intestine Scolex released Attaches to intestine Develops into adult ```
53
Echinococcus granulosis
``` Small species Canines are usually primary host Wide variety of intermediate hosts Rossellini with hooks Usually only 3 proglottids Forms unilocular hydatid cyst in intermediate host ```
54
Life cycle of Echinoccocus granulosis
Egg in feces Oncosphere hatches penetrates intestinal wall Hydatid cyst in liver, lungs etc Protoscolex from cyst Scolex attaches to intestine Adult in small intestine -ingestion of eggs in feces (sheep, goats etc) Ingestion of cysts in organs (dogs/carnivores
55
Name the layers of the Hydatid cyst from outside to the inside
Adventitial layer Laminated layer Germinal layer
56
Echinococcus multilocularis
Adult occurs in large canids Small rodents serve as intermediate hosts Primarily in Europe but also in tundra areas Produces a multilocular Hydatid cyst whose outer layer can metastasize into host tissue Zoonotic- relies on predator prey relationship Germinal layer can spread to other organs and can be confused with cancer Larval stage is the problem
57
Dwarf tapeworm
Hymenolepis nana
58
Hymenolepis nana life cycle
Eggs are immediately infective when passed with the stool and cannot survive more than 10 days in the external environment. When eggs are ingested by an arthropod intermediate host (various species of beetles and fleas may serve as intermediate hosts), they develop into cysticercoids, which can infect humans or rodents upon ingestion and develop into adults in the small intestine Flea- has to infect larval stage cause no chewing parts Auto infection can bypass intermediate hosts all together
59
Dog tapeworm
Dipylidium caninum
60
Dipylidium caninum Eggs ingested by intermediate host- _____ _____ develops in the body cavity of louse or flea When flea or louse is ingested by dog or human cysticercoid becomes adult in small intestine
Larval flea transformed into adult flea | Cysticercoid
61
Cysticercoid
Fleshy tail | Inverted scolex

Animal Parasitology (6 decks)

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