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Functional Anatomy > Exam #3 - Cervical Spine > Flashcards

Exam #3 - Cervical Spine Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Characteristics of cervical vertebrae (3)

A
  1. Smallest
  2. Most mobile
  3. Transverse foramen
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2
Q

“Typical” cervical vertebrae

A

C3-6

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3
Q

“Atypical” cervical vertebrae

A

C1-2 and C7

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4
Q

What 2 muscle groups makeup the posterior craniocervical region

A

Splenius & Suboccipital muscles

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5
Q

Splenius muscles (2)

A
  1. Splenius cervicis
  2. Splenius capitis
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6
Q

Suboccipital muscles (4)

A
  1. Rectus capitis posterior major
  2. Rectus capitis posterior minor
  3. Obliquus capitis superior
  4. Obliquus capitis inferior
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7
Q

Muscles of the Anterolateral Craniocervical region

A
  • SCM
  • Scalenes
  • Longus coli
  • Longus capitis
  • Rectus capitis anterior
  • Rectus capitis lateralis
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8
Q

What are the 3 scalene muscles apart of the anterolateral craniocervical region

A
  1. Scaleneus anterior
  2. Scalenus medius
  3. Scalenus posterior
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9
Q
  • Considered the lower cervical spine
  • Superior surfaces CC side to side with uncinate processes (“hooks”)
  • Inferior surfaces CC anterior-posterior, with elongated posterior & anterior margins
  • Wider side to side
  • Uncovertebral joints (“joints of Luschka”)
A

Typical cervical vertebrae (C3-6)

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10
Q
  • Form between uncinate processes & adjacent superior vertebrae
  • Exists between C3 & C7
A

Uncovertebral joints (“joints of luschka”)

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11
Q

The triangular vertebral column of C3-6 is to accommodate

A

thickening of the spinal cord

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12
Q

Superior articular facets face what direction

A

posterior & superior

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13
Q

Inferior articular facets face what direction

A

anterior & inferior

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14
Q

Transverse processes are short lateral extensions that terminate as

A

anterior & posterior tubercles

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15
Q

What is the function of C1 (atlas)

A

Support the head

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16
Q

What “Atypical” cervical vertebrae has - no body, pedicle, lamina, or spinous process

A

Atlas (C1)

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17
Q

2 large lateral masses of C1 are joined by

A

anterior & posterior arches

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18
Q

C1 anterior arch has anterior tubercle for attachment of the

A

anterior longitudinal ligament

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19
Q

Atlas (C1)

CC superior articular facets face ____ to accept the CV occipital condyles

A

CC superior articular facets face cranially to accept the CV occipital condyles

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20
Q

Atlas (c1)

Inferior articular facets face ____ with the lateral edges facing 20° from the ____ plane

A

Inferior articular facets face inferiorly with the lateral edges facing 20° from the horizontal plane

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21
Q

Characteristics of…

  • Large & tall body base of dens (odontoid process)
  • Stout pedicles & short transverse processes
  • Spinous process of the axis is bifid & very broad serving as muscles attachment site
A

Axis (C2)

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22
Q

Axis (C2)

What structure provides a rigid vertical axis of rotation for the atlas and head

A

Dens (odontoid process)

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23
Q

Axis (C2)

A pair of superior articular processes project ____ from the body

24
Q

Articular processes are slightly CV & oriented 20° from the ____ plane

Study These Flashcards
A

horizontal plane

25
Inferior articular processes of C2 project in what direction
anteriorly & inferiorly
26
* Largest of all cervical vertebrae * Resembles thoracic vertebrae * Large transverse processes * May sprout an extra cervical rib * Large spinous process
Vertebra Prominens (C7) | Atypical
27
# Atlantooccipital Joint Anteriorly the capsule of each joint blends with the
Anterior atlantooccipital membrane
28
# Atlantooccipital Joint Posteriorly the capsule is covered by a thin, broad
Posterior atlantooccipital membrane
29
# Atlantooccipital Joint What artery pierces the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane in order to enter the foramen magnum
Vertebral Artery
30
The vertebral artery enters where on the vertebrae
foramen magnum
31
What 2 synovial cavities of the atlantoaxial joint make up the median joint
anterior & posterior cavity
32
What cavity of the atlantoaxial joint is - smaller, bw anterior dens & posterior border of anterior arch of atlas
Anterior cavity
33
What cavity of the atlantoaxial joint is - large, seperates posterior side of dens & cartilage lined section of the transverse ligament of the atlas
Posterior cavity
34
Essential horizontal plane stability of the atlantoaxial articulation
Transverse Ligament of the Atlas
35
What could happen if the transverse lig of the atlas is damaged?
Atlas could slip anteriorly & cause damage to axis and spinal cord
36
* Posterior to transverse ligament * Continuation of posterior longitudinal ligament * Attaches on basilar part of occipital bone anterior to foramen magnum
Tectoral membrane
37
Tectoral membrane function Provides generalized multidirectional stability to the ____ junction
craniocervical junction
38
* Passes laterally & slightly upward from the apex of the dens to the medial sides of occipital condyles * "check ligaments" * Contralateral to the side of rotation resists the rotation
Alar ligaments
39
Why is alar ligaments referred to as "check ligaments"
resist (check) axial rotation of thehead & atlas relative to the dens
40
When is the Alar ligaments loose and taut
Loose in neutral & becomes taut during axial rotation
41
Alar ligaments function Limits ____ & extremes of all other potential motions at the ____ joints
Limits **rotation** & extremes of all other potential motions at the **atlantooccipital** joints
42
# Upper Cervical Spine Coupling * Right occiput moves medial, inferior, & anterior (MIA) * Left occiput moves lateral, posterior, & superior (LPS) * Results in a conjunct LEFT rotation
Right lateral flexion
43
# Upper Cervical Spine Coupling * Left occiput moves medial, inferior, & anterior (MIA) * Right occiput moves lateral, posterior, & superior (LPS) * Results in a conjunct RIGHT rotation
Left lateral flexion
44
# Lower Cervical Spine: Intervertebral Disc IVD height-to-vertebral body height ratio
2:5
45
25% of the superior-to-inferior height of the
Cervical spine
46
Absence of the annulus fibrosus at the uncovertebral region
enabling or resulting from rotary movements of the c-spine
47
Axial rotation of a "typical" cervical verterae occurs around an ____ axis perpendicular to the plane of its facets
Oblique axis
48
Posterolaterally, the nucleus pulposus is contained only by the ____ fibers of the ____ ____ ligament
Posterolaterally, the nucleus pulposus is contained only by the **alar** fibers of the **posterior longitudinal** ligament
49
* Diarthrodial joints from C3-T1 * Maintains a synovial compartment * Formed bw an uncinate process & inferolateral superior vertebra * Creates the posterolateral border of intervertebral disc
Uncovertebral Joints
50
* C1-7 * Synovial joints, covered with hyaline cartilage * Superior facet face **up & posteriorly** * Inferior facet faces **down & anteriorly**
Zygapophyseal Joints
51
# Zygapophyseal Joints C5-6 contributes the greatest to
Segmental mobility
52
# Zygapophyseal Joints Major constraints & support for ZAJ are the ____ & the ____
ligaments & IVD
53
# Zygapophyseal Joints Angulation **Clinically:** the orientation of the ZAJ planes can be imagined as passing through the patient's
nose
54
# Lower Level Coupling Lower level cervical spine exhibits ____ coupling
ipsilateral
55
Lower cervical coupling between movements in what planes of motion
frontal & horizontal planes
56
What is this an example of? Lateral flexion to the right occurs with slight axial rotation to the right
Lower cervical ipsilateral coupling

Functional Anatomy (17 decks)

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