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Functional Anatomy > Exam #2 - Knee Complex > Flashcards

Exam #2 - Knee Complex Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Deviation from normal vertical position

A

Tibial declination

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2
Q

In weight bearing the tibia tends to shift the femur ____ on the tibia

A

In weight bearing the tibia tends to shift the femur posteriorly on the tibia

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3
Q

Normal tibial declination

A

~10° +/- 3°

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4
Q

For every ____° of tibial declination 3-6mm of increased tibial translation present in weight bearing

A

10°

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5
Q

Lateral tibiofemoral joint surface to surface relationship

A

Convex on convex

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6
Q

Medial tibiofemoral joint surface to surface relationship

A

Convex on concave

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7
Q
  • Normal frontal plane alignment of the knee
  • 170-175°
A

Genu Valgum

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8
Q
  • “Knock-knee”
  • Less than (<) 165°
A

Excessive genu valgum

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9
Q
  • “Bow-leg”
  • Greater than (>) 180°
A

Genu Varum

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10
Q

Encloses the medial & lateral compartments of the tibiofemoral joint & the patellofemoral joint

A

Articular capsule of the knee

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11
Q

Primary function: limit excessive frontal plane motions

Secondary function: produce a stabalizing tension throughout sagittal plane motion

A

Collateral Ligaments

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12
Q

With the knee extended the superficial portion of the MCL provides the primary restraint to ____ forces

A

Valgus force

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13
Q

With the knee extended the LCL provides the primary restraint to ____ forces

A

Varus forces

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14
Q

Anterior & Posterior Cruciate Ligaments

  • Provide multiplanar stability of the knee in the ____ plane
  • Guides natural arthrokinematics motions between ____ & ____
  • Contribute to ____ of the knee
A
  • Sagittal plane
  • Tibia & femur
  • Proprioception
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15
Q

Antagonist to the ACL

A

Quadriceps

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16
Q

Collagen fibers within ACL tiwst to form 2 bundles

A
  1. Anteromedial
  2. Posterolateral
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17
Q

Attaches on anterior intercondylar & runs obliquely posterior, superior & lateral attaching on medial side of femoral condyle

A

Anterior cruciate ligament

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18
Q

Anteromedial fibers of ACL are taut in

A

Flexion

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19
Q

Posterolateral fibers of ACL are taut in

A

Extension

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20
Q

Anterolateral fibers of PCL are taut in

A

Flexion

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21
Q

Posteromedial fibers of PCL are taut in

A

Extension

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22
Q

MOI of ACL injuries

A

High-velocity stretch to an ACL already under tension

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23
Q

Secondary trauma to other tissues during/after an ACL injury could lead to

24
Q
  • Direction & magnitude of ground reaction forces
  • Inegrity & strength of surround tissues
  • Alignment & position of knee
Study These Flashcards
A

Biomechanical factors of ACL injury

25
70% of ACL sporting injuries are considered
Minimal to no contact related
26
3 factors associated with noncontact injuries
1. Strong activation of quads slightly flexed or fully extended knee 2. "Valgus collapse" of knee 3. Excessive external rotation of knee
27
Function of MCL * Resists ____ force * Resists knee ____ * Resists extremes of ____ ____
* Resists **valgus** force * Resists knee **extension** * Resists extremes of **axial rotation**
28
MOI * Valgus-producing force with foot planted ("clip" in football) * Severe hyperextension of knee
Medial Collateral Ligament
29
Function of LCL * Resists ____ force * Resists knee ____ * Resists extremes of ____ ____
* Resists **varus** force * Resists knee **extension** * Resists extremes of **axial rotation**
30
MOI * Varus-producing force with foot planted * Severe hyperextension of the knee
Lateral Collateral Ligament
31
Function of Posterior Capsule * Resists knee ____ * Oblique popliteal ligament resists knee ____ ____ * Posterior-lateral capsule resists ____
* Resists knee **extension** * Oblique popliteal ligament resists knee **external rotation** * Posterior-lateral capsule resists **varus**
32
MOI * Hyperextension or combined hyperextension with external rotation of the knee
Posterior Capsule
33
Function of Anterior Cruciate Ligament * Most fibers resist ____ * Resists extremes of ____, ____, and ____ ____
* Most fibers resists **extension** * Resists extremes of **varus**, **valgus**, and **axial rotation**
34
MOI * Large valgus-producing force with foot planted firmly * Large axial rotation torque applied to the knee with the foot firmly planted + quad contraction with knee in full or near full extension * Severe hyperextension of knee
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
35
Function of Posterior Cruciate Ligament * Most fibers resist knee ____ * Resists extremes of ____, ____, and ____ ____
* Most fibers resist knee **flexion** * Resists extremes of **varus**, **valgus**, and **axial rotation**
36
MOI * Falling on a fully flexed knee (with ankle fully plantar flexed) such that the proximal tibia first strikes the ground * Any event that causes a forceful posterior translation of the tibia (i.e., “dasboard” injury) * Severe hyperextension of the knee causing a large gapping of the posterior side of the joint
Posterior Cruciate Ligament
37
MOI * Falling on a fully flexed knee (with ankle fully plantar flexed) such that the proximal tibia first strikes the ground * Any event that causes a forceful posterior translation of the tibia (i.e., “dasboard” injury) * Severe hyperextension of the knee causing a large gapping of the posterior side of the joint
Posterior Cruciate Ligament
38
Menisci is anchored to the intercondylar regions via
Anterior & posterior horns
39
Meniscotibial ligaments (coronary) attach external edge to the
Tibia & adjacent capsule
40
Transverse ligaments connect 2 menisci
Anteriorly
41
Meniscal blood supply is greatest in the
outer edges
42
Medial meniscus is more "____" shaped & attaches to the ____ & ____
**"C"** shaped & attaches to the **MCL** & **medial capsule **
43
Lateral meniscus is more "____" shaped & attaches to the ____ ____ only
**"O"** shaped & attaches to the **lateral capsule** only
44
Primary function of Menisci
Reduce compressive stress across the TFJ
45
* Stabalizing the joint * Lubricating articular cartliage * Providing proprioception * Help guide knee arthrokinematics
Menisci functions
46
Most common injury of the knee
Meniscal injuries
47
50% of all acute ____ injuries are associated with meniscal injuries
Acute ACL injuries
48
____ menisci are 2x more frequently injuried that ____ menisci
**Medial** menisci are 2x more frequently injuried than **lateral** menisci
49
MOI - forceful, axial rotation of the femoral condyles over a partially flexed & weight-bearing knee
Meniscal Injury
50
* Locking of the knee in full extension * ~10° of external rotation * Occurs during last 30° of extension
Screw-Home mechanism
51
The combined ER & knee extension maximizes the overall contact area by increasing joint ____ & ____
Increasing joint **congruency** & **stability**
52
The "screw-home" mechanism is driven by * Shape of ____ ____ ____ * ____ tension in the ACL * Slight ____ pull of the quadriceps muscle
* Shape of the **medial femoral condyle** * **Passive** tension in the ACL * Slight **lateral** pull of the quadriceps muscle
53
Elastic sping-like element stretched beyond resting length
Passive tension
54
2 interrelated factors asscoiated with patellofemoral joint compression force
1. Force within the quadriceps 2. Knee flexion angle
55
Movement between the patella & femur across the greatest possible area of articular surface with the least possible stress
Optimal patellar tracking
56
Q-angle * A line representing the resultant line of force of the quads, made by connecting a point near the ____ to the ____ of the patella * Long axis of the patellar tendon, made by connecting a point on the ____ ____ with the midpoint of the patella
* made by connecting a point near the **ASIS** to the **midpoint** of the patella * Long axis of the patellar tendon, made by by connecting a point on the **tibial tuberosity** with the midpoint of the patella
57
The larger the Q-angle, the greater the
The larger the Q-angle, the greater the **lateral muscle pull on the patella**

Functional Anatomy (17 decks)

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