EXAM 3: CHILD ABUSE

Question 1

which intervention works most for children?

Answer 1

play! work of kids

but some kids may choose not to participate in requested tasks

Question 2

What kids might require a structured behavior plan while faciliating learning. Learning occurs as a result of ___

Answer 2

consequences of behavior

Question 3

What is behavioral programming?

Answer 3

positive reinforcement of desired behaviors
ignoring unwanted behaviors

Question 4

What is an example of positive reinforcement?

Answer 4

might start as a primary reward, such as a sticker, then progress to secondary rewards such as toys, favorite activities or tokens

Question 5

reinforcing behaviors that are increasingly closer to the desired behavior …this is called

Answer 5

shaping

Question 6

links related behaviors to accomplish a more elaborate goal with sequenced elements.
works best with discrete tasks that have a clear beginning and end (ex. ADLs)
THIS IS CALLED

Answer 6

chaining

Question 7

involves teaching and reinforcing behaviors in a step-by-step
progression in which the last step is learned first
(ex. Learning the act of brushing teeth before learning how to put toothpaste on the toothbrush).

Answer 7

backwards shaping

Question 8

what are 4 main models of service delivery?

Answer 8

1. direct
2. integrated
3. consultative
4. monitoring

Question 9

modes of service delivery: DIRECT

Answer 9

Therapist is usually the primary service provider, traditional mode. Regularly
scheduled sessions.

Question 10

modes of service delivery: INTEGRATED

Answer 10

Varies by the setting. Generally delivered in the learning environment
and method of intervention is educationally related. In education setting, the
therapist is in contact with the teacher, aide/paraprofessional, family as well as
the child. Routinely scheduled, flexible amount of time depending on needs of
staff or client.

Question 11

modes of service delivery: CONSULTATIVE

Answer 11

Therapist’s contact is other health professionals and the teacher,
aide/paraprofessional, parent and child. All personnel, except the therapist,
implement the activities and interventions. Intermittent scheduled.

Question 12

modes of delivery: MONITORING

Answer 12

Therapist, although not providing direct intervention, maintains
regular contact with the client to check on status and to instruct others. The
therapist remains responsible for the outcome of intervention. Intermittent
scheduled.

Question 13

What is Willowbrook State Institution story through book: Christmas in Purgatory: a photographic essay on mental retardation?

Answer 13

Geraldo Rivera and Blatt and Kaplan:
raised national concern for care and treatment of all people with disabilities

led to fed legislation

Question 14

focused on the need for integration and inclusion of those with developmental disabilities in the community
Which Law?

Answer 14

Developmental Disabilities Act of 1975

Question 15

law: guaranteed rights to individuals with disabilities.

Answer 15

The Rehabilitation Act of 1973

Question 16

viewed as the first civil-
rights statue for persons with disabilities – provides that students may receive accommodations and services including Physical Therapy if they are considered to have a disability

Answer 16

section 504 of rehabilitation act of 1973

Question 17

Federal legislation that establishes school-aged services for students
3 – 21 years of age with disabilities

Answer 17

IDEA 1975 part B

Question 18

“Early Intervention” – Federal legislation that establishes early
intervention services for infants and toddlers (birth to 3 yrs. ) with disabilities and their families

Answer 18

IDEA Part C

Question 19

___ became law in 1990. The ____
is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with
disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools,
transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the
general public

Answer 19

1990 ADA
American with Disabilities Act

Question 20

The rate of child abuse and neglect is at least ___ x higher in children with
disabilities than in the typically developing population.

Answer 20

3x higher

Question 21

majority of children reported to HHS in 2017 were victims of

Answer 21

neglect
74.9%

physical abuse: 18.3%
sexual abuse: 8.6%
majority 69% maltreated by mother

Question 22

disabled children are _% of the population of abused and neglected children

Answer 22

15%

Question 23

The ______and its amendments, requires every state to have a system for reporting suspected
child abuse and neglect. The procedures vary from state to state, and therapists should be familiar with the laws in their state.

Answer 23

Federal Child Abuse and Prevention and Treatment Act

If we see something say something

Question 24

What are 4 types of abuse

Answer 24

• Physical Abuse
• Sexual Abuse
• Neglect
• Emotional Abuse
  *typically found in combo than alone

Question 25

Non-accidental physical injury (ranging from minor bruises to severe fractures or death) as a result of punching, beating, kicking, biting, shaking, throwing, stabbing, choking, hitting (with a hand, stick, strap, or other object), burning, or otherwise harming a child, that is inflicted by a parent, caregiver, or other person who has responsibility for the child. Injuries are considered abuse regardless of whether caregiver intended to hurt the child

Answer 25

physical abuse | *spanking and paddling not considered abuse as long as no bodily injury

Question 26

signs and symptoms of physical abuse

Answer 26

* Unexplained burns, bites, bruises, broken bones or black eyes * Fading bruises or other marks noticeable after an absence from school or therapy * Seems frightened of the parents and protests or cries when it is * time to go home * Shrinks at the approach of adults * Reports injury by a parent or another caregiver

Question 27

What is a Mongolian spot?

Answer 27

macular blue-gray pigmentation usually on the sacral area of healthy infants. Mongolian spot is usually present at birth or appears within the first weeks of life. Mongolian spot typically **disappears spontaneously within 4 years **but can persist for life.

Question 28

Mongolian spot is most common in people of _ descent but can occur in babies of any ethnicity

Answer 28

Asian, Native American, African- American and Polynesian descent

Question 29

* Offers conflicting, unconvincing, or no explanation for the child’s injury * Describes the child as “evil” or in some other very negative way * Uses harsh physical discipline with the child * Has a history of child abuse as a child These are examples of possible suspicion of___ abuse

Answer 29

physical abuse

Question 30

What are suspicious bruising areas?

Answer 30

back buttocks back of thighs back of calves

Question 31

What are other areas of the body to recognize child abuse?

Answer 31

* ears (pinchmarks both sides fo ear) * traingle of safety: (ears, side of face, neck, top of shoulders * inner arm * back and side of trunk except over bony spine * black eyes * soft tissues of cheeks * intraoral injuries * forearms * chest and abdomen * any groin injury * inner thigh * soles of feet

Question 32

concerns of child abuse are raised by what signs:

Answer 32

* injury to both sides of body * injury to soft tissue * injury with patterns * injury that doesnt fit explanation * delays in presentation * untreated injuries

Question 33

includes activities by a parent or caregiver such as fondling a child's genitals, penetration, incest, rape, sodomy, indecent exposure, and exploitation through prostitution or the production of pornographic materials. _ abuse

Answer 33

sexual abuse

Question 34

*  The child has difficulty sitting or walking *  Suddenly refuses to change for gym or other physical activities *  Reports nightmares or bedwetting *  Experiences a sudden change in appetite *  Demonstrates bizarre, sophisticated or unusual sexual knowledge or behavior *  Becomes pregnant or contracts a venereal disease, particularly if under age 14 *  Reports sexual abuse by a parent or another adult caregiver signs and symptoms of

Answer 34

sexual abuse

Question 35

consider possiblity of sexual abuse when caregiver is:

Answer 35

1. unusually protective or severly limits child's contact with other children, especially of opposite sex 2. is secretive/isolated 3. jealous/controlling with fam members

Question 36

What are types of neglect? (failure of caregiver to provide child's basic needs)

Answer 36

Physical (e.g., failure to provide necessary food or shelter, or lack of appropriate supervision) Medical (e.g., failure to provide necessary medical or mental health treatment) Educational (e.g., failure to educate a child or attend to special education needs) Emotional (e.g., inattention to a child's emotional needs, failure to provide psychological care, or permitting the child to use alcohol or other drugs)

Question 37

signs and symptoms of neglect:

Answer 37

* The child is frequently absent from school * Begs or steals food or money * Lacks needed medical or dental care, immunizations, or glasses * Is consistently dirty and has severe body odor * Lacks sufficient clothing for the weather * States that there is no one at home to provide care

Question 38

consider possibility of neglect when caregiver:

Answer 38

* appears indifferent * apathetic/depressed * irrational or bizzar behavior * abusing alcohol/drugs

Question 39

___abuse is almost always present when other forms are identified.

Answer 39

emotional *pattern of behavior impairing child's emotional development/self worth *difficult to prove

Question 40

signs and symptoms of emotional abuse:

Answer 40

* extreme behavior (demanding, over compliant, super passive or aggressive) * inappropriately adult or infantile * lack of attachment to parent reported * attempted suicide

Question 41

consider possible emotional abuse when parent:

Answer 41

* constantly blames/belittles/berates child * is unconcerned about child, refuses to offer help for child's problems * overtly rejects child

Question 42

Are we required to report child abuse?

Answer 42

Texas law requires anyone with knowledge of suspected child abuse or neglect to report it to the appropriate authorities. This mandatory reporting applies to all individuals and is not limited to teachers or health care professionals. The law even extends to individuals whose personal communications may be otherwise privileged, such as attorneys, clergy members, and health care professionals.

Question 43

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