EXAM 3: Sensory Integration

Question 1

T or F: motor skills develop independently of sensory processing

Answer 1

F: integral part of human development, including motor

Question 2

_% of children with CP showed very poor performance in body representation processing

_ and _ is impaired in children with CP

Answer 2

64% of children with CP
anticipatory control and spatial cognition

Question 3

early identification of ___ is possible through assessment of motor skills

Answer 3

Autism

Question 4

What populations have impaired sensory processing?

Answer 4

-autism
-Down Syndrome
-children with CP
-idiopathic toe walking
-Duchenne’s MD

Question 5

The sensory system consists of _ areas working in a continuous feedback loop to regulate and make sense of sensory info to function

Answer 5

7 (8 including interoception)

Question 6

The brain’s ability to organize sensory input for use in functional behaviors

Answer 6

sensory integration defined by Ayres

Question 7

Founder of Sensory Integration and processing

Answer 7

Jean Ayres, OT
theory explained relationship between sensory integration and academic/motor learning

Question 8

deficits lie in _, _, and _ to sensory information

Answer 8

perception (taking it in)
organization (total brain)
coordinated response (motor plan)

Question 9

Sensory integration dysfunction is caused by __

Answer 9

neurological immaturity
or
differences in brain processing

Question 10

definition

behavioral manifestation of
sensory processing which leads
to modulation and praxis.

Answer 10

sensory integration
(part we observe)

Question 11

neurophysiologic term that reflects
the reception, modulation,
integration, and organization of
sensory stimuli, but not necessarily
the adaptive environmental
interaction that we observe.

Answer 11

sensory processing

Question 12

‘‘difficulty detecting, modulating,
interpreting and/or responding to sensory experiences, which is severe enough to disrupt participation in daily life activities and routines and learning’’

Answer 12

sensory integration disorder

Question 13

subtypes of sensory systems

Answer 13

1. auditory
2. visual
3. gustatory
4. olfactory
5. somatosensory (proprioception and touch)
6. vestibular
7. interoceptive

Question 14

subtypes of sensory processing disorder

Answer 14

1. sensory modulation disorder (SMD)
2. sensory based motor disorder (SBMD)
3. sensory discrimination disorder (SDD)

Question 15

sensory perceptions have connections with ___ and ___

Answer 15

emotion (limbic system) and ANS (autonomic)
*issues can cause poor emotional regulation, stress, anxiety, poor self esteem

Question 16

sensory modulation disorder (SMD) includes what

Answer 16

1. sensory over responsivity SOR
2. sensory under responsivity SUR
3. sensory seeking/craving SS

Question 17

sensory based motor disorders include

Answer 17

1. dyspraxia
2. postural disorders

Question 18

sensory discrimination disorder includes issues with:

Answer 18

1. visual
2. auditory
3. tactile
4. taste/smell
5. position/movement

Question 19

Information provided by joints and muscles
which keeps people oriented to body position in space. Both conscious (complex motor activity) and subconscious (basic postures).

Answer 19

proprioception

Question 20

issues with proprioception/body awareness can result in:

Answer 20

1. clumsiness
2. difficulty w posture (leaning)
3. too much or too little pressure

*crashers (sensory seeking)
*sensory avoidance (unable to predict other’s behavior)

Question 21

Movement processing tells you whether the body is moving and in what direction.

Answer 21

vestibular

Question 22

what reflex integrates vision and movement processing (body moving, what direction)

Answer 22

vestibulo-ocular reflex

Question 23

Difficulties in processing vestibular info can result in…

Answer 23

1. low mm tone (vestibular spinal tract)
2. poor balance
3. uncoordination
4. toe walking
5. decreased trunk rotation
6. lack of visual scanning
7. sedentary/avoidance

Question 24

ability to discriminate touch
includes ability to conform to objects and pressure

Answer 24

tactile
*DCML

Question 25

children with poor tactile discrimination can have difficulty with _ and avoid _

Answer 25

difficulty w/ fine motor (handwriting) avoid certain textures of food, clothing, surfaces *hypersensitive to unexpected touch*

Question 26

The _ and the brain work in tandem to percieve and separate objects from background. Works w/ _ to orient to movement in the environment and maintain focus during our movement.

Answer 26

the eyes and brain works with vestibular system

Question 27

influences hand-eye coordination, visual spatial orientation, visual motor skills *role in visual imagery and mental manipulation --> math

Answer 27

vision *visual processing deficits = hard time with math

Question 28

deficits in vision or visual processing can lead to difficulties with

Answer 28

1. sunlight sensitivity 2. visual attention 3. stairs/playground equipment

Question 29

The auditory system discriminates sounds in environment. Connection with the _ system

Answer 29

limbic system

Question 30

Our _ are DIRECTLY connected to the limbic system. Children might avoid certain places/people due to associations with smell.

Answer 30

olfactory receptors *hypersensitivity to tastes and smells create range of feeding difficulties

Question 31

The perception of the state of the body *any body state feeling, like pain, hunger, heartbeat,** constipation,** temperature, etc. *cardiac babies *respiratory BPD, etc.

Answer 31

interoception *connection between anxiety and constipation

Question 32

sensory modulation continuum: failure to orient/lack of attention/shutdown or withdrawal

Answer 32

failure to orient *limbic response subtle

Question 33

sensory modulation continuum: escalation, approach, avoidant, protective fight or flight flight or freeze shutdown or withdrawal

Answer 33

over orientation *either imploding or exploding due to overt limbic response

Question 34

Is praxis = motor skill?

Answer 34

no neural activity before motor execution: ideation and conceptualization

Question 35

poor core strength and endurance inefficient movement with poor balance and body awareness

Answer 35

postural disorder

Question 36

Symptoms may include no internal motivation, poor bilateral coordination, poor ocular-motor ability, or "gravitational insecurity."

Answer 36

postural disorder

Question 37

general movements are from __ in infants and neonates *early movments ending 20 weeks post term play key role in laying down sensory cortex then sensory takes over

Answer 37

CPGs (innate in brainstem)

Question 38

Ayres sensory integration intervention does what?

Answer 38

1. physical **safety** 2. present** sensory opportunities** 3. help child attain/maintain appropriate level of **alertness** 4. just-right challenge: **scaffolding** 5. ensure activities are **successful** 6. support intrinsic motivation to **PLAY** 7. establish **therapeutic alliance**

Question 39

DIR/FLOOR time is what? developmental individualized relationship based

Answer 39

* affect (emotionally) based * child directed technique developed by Greenspan/Weider * Use something in PT to be engaged --> interest led * functional emotional developmental capacities

Question 40

What are examples of sensory based interventions?

Answer 40

1. therapeutic listening 2. astronaut training (vestib/visual/auditory) 3. interactive metronome 4. compression garments 5. brushing garments 6. aquatic therapy 7. hippo therapy 8. dynavision 9. infinity walk

Question 41

what are therapeutic intervention ideas for PT treatment

Answer 41

1. identify accurately the deficits 2. provide integrated sensory experiences (calm or heighten sensory system?) -slow intro of experiences -just right challenge -address postural stability, strength, tone

Question 42

how can you manage behavior according to identified deficits?

Answer 42

1. engagement 2. picture schedule 3. structured session 4. avoid sensory overload

Question 43

What can you do to bring the activity to a cognitive level?

Answer 43

talk through motor activities esp directional and spatial terms

Question 44

# [](http://) incorporate bimanual and bipedal skills that require _ _ and _

Answer 44

extremity coordination rotation cross midline

Question 45

What are ways to incorporate sensory activities into functional gross motor skills?

Answer 45

weighted balls visual tracking into strengthening exercises incorporate vestibular, proprioceptive activities