Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

TRI 3 - NS > Exam 3 content 2 > Flashcards

Exam 3 content 2 Flashcards

(57 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What does SCALP stand for

A 
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeuroses
Loose connective tissue
Pericardium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the meninges of the brain

A

Durra
Arachnoid
Pia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the durra mater and what structures it forms

A 
Thickest
Toughest
Outermost
Falx cerebri
Tentorium cerebelli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What can the dura mater damage in traumatic incidents

A

Falx - Corpus calosum

Tentorium - CN3, brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the epidural space and some of its contents

A

Between skull and durra

Middle meningeal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe a epidural hematoma

A

Rupture of the middle meningeal artery

May shift brain over

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the subdural space

A

Between the dura and arachnoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe a subdural hematoma

A

Chronic - rupture of bridging veins that are vulnerable to shear forces
Acute - traumatic shear force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the subarachnoid space

A

Between the arachnoid and pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe subarachnoid hematoma

A

Bleeding into the CSF
May be traumatic or non traumatic
Produces severe headaches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a Subfalcine herniation

A

Brain pushed under falx cerebri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a central herniation

A

brain pushed into 3rd ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is an uncal herniation

A

Pushes brain over lip of tentorium cerebelli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a tonsillar herniation

A

Cerebellar tonsil pushed through foramen magnum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Briefly describe the lateral ventricles

A

C shaped with a tail

Exist in all lobes of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the Luschka and Magendi canal

A

Luschka - lateral off of 4th

Magendi - posterior off of 4th

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the role of the choroid plexus and what is it made of

A

Produce CSF

Ependymal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the role of CSF

A

Buoyancy
Cushioning
Cleaning
Ionic balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where is the cistern magna

A

Between cerebellum and medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is normal CSF pressure in adults

A

80-180 mm of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe the arachnoid granulations

A

CSF is constantly produced and needs to be removed

Exits via the arachnoid granulations and deposited into venous sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is hydrocephalus, how is it caused, how is it treated

A

Enlarged ventricles due to increased CSF pressure
Blocked CSF circulation, impeded CSF absorption, too much CSF production
Treated with shunt to drain CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are some symptoms and treatments of increased ICP

Study These Flashcards
A

Headache, nausea, bradycardia, hypertension, loss of consciousness, papilledema
Head elevation in bed, medication, surgery to remove part of the skull

24
Q

Describe a lumbar puncture

Study These Flashcards
A

L3-L5
Fetal position
Epidural space

25
Describe venous drainage of the brain
``` Superior sagittal sinus Inferior sagittal sinus - strait sinus Confluence Transverse Sigmoid IJV ```
26
Describe the blood brain barrier
Tight junctions between endothelial cells and capillary wall Protect brain function
27
What can a sudden explosive headache indicate
Medical emergency Stroke CSF increases
28
Where does the anterior and posterior circulation of the brain originate from
Anterior - carotid | Posterior - vertebral arteries
29
What is an aneurysm
Sack protrusion on the side of a blood vessel
30
Describe a transient ischemic attack
Brief period of stroke symptoms, less than 10 minutes | 15% of patients with TIA will have CVA - 50% of those CVAs will happen in 48 hours
31
What is apraxia and agnosia
Apraxia - difficulty with leaned movement | Agnosia - inability to recognize objects by touch
32
What is the rule of 2s in the brain
Brain is 2% of body weight Uses 20% of the oxygen Uses 25% of the glucose receives 15% of cardiac output
33
What is TPA
Ischemic stroke medication | to be given within 4.5 hours of stroke
34
Describe hemorrhagic stroke
15%-20% of strokes Higher mortality than embolic strokes or thrombic The larger the vessel the larger the mortality
35
How do you recognize a brainstem stroke
4D's with crossed findings - Diplopia - Dysarthria - Dysphagia - Dizziness Contralateral - Weakness - Sensory loss - Cerebellar signs
36
Describe locked in syndrome
Basilar artery stroke Bilateral weakness of UE, LE and face Lateral gaze weakness Dysarthria
37
Describe the fovea
Central fixation point for each eye | Surrounded by the macula
38
What creates a blind spot
The optic disk of an eye that is used by itself
39
What are the layers of the retina
``` Photoreceptors - Rods - low light conditions, no color - Cones - High resolution images Bipolar cells - send info to ganglion cells Ganglion cells - Parasol cells - large movements / gross features - Midget cells - fine visual details and color ```
40
What is the LGN
Lateral geniculate nucleus | Where the optic tracts go
41
What are the layers of the LGN
Parvocellular layers - 6-3 - midget cells | Magnocellular layers - 2-1 - Parasol cells
42
What is an extra geniculate pathway
Optic nerve fibers that bypass the LGN and instead enter the colliculus and pretectal areas
43
Describe Meyer's loop
Superior Visual field Inferior optic radiations Pass through temporal lobe To lower bank of calcarine
44
Describe the superior radiations
Inferior visual field Pass through parietal lobe Upper bank of calcarine
45
Where is the Fovea and macula represented in the cortex
Occipital pole
46
How does the body process motion imaging
Motion - Parasol cells - Dorsolateral cortex - "Where is what we are seeing"
47
How does the body process form and color imaging
Form and Color - Midget cells - Inferior Occipital Temporal cortex - "What are we looking at"
48
What is the difference between positive and negative visual phenomena
Positive - things added to visual field, hallucinations or colors Negative - loss of visual field
49
What is the result if there is damage to the optic nerve
Monoptic visual loss
50
What is the result if there is a scotoma present
damage to a small part of the retina
51
What is the result if there is damage to the optic chiasm
Bitemporal hemianopsia "tunnel vision"
52
What is the result if there is damage to the Optic tract, LGN, both optic radiations, Primary visual cortex
Homonymous hemianopsia
53
What is the result if there is damage to the Superior radiations or upper back of calcarine
Contralateral inferior quadrantanopia
54
What is the result if there is damage to the Inferior radiations or inferior bank of the calcarine
Contralateral superior quadrantanopia
55
Describe Macular sparing
partial lesions of visual pathway result in intact macular tracts Center of vision is still intact
56
Describe Central scotoma
Occipital lobe damage | Resulting in loss of only the very center of the visual field
57
Describe a Amaurosis Fugax
Transient occlusion of inferior branch of retinal artery Browning out Refer this patient out

TRI 3 - NS (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions