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Pathophysiology > Exam 3- Hematology > Flashcards

Exam 3- Hematology Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

Blood cell production in bone marrow

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2
Q

Reticulyte count

A

Immature erythrocytes
Indicator for amount of new RBCs being made

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3
Q

Another name for thrombocytes

A

Platelets

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4
Q

Ferritin

A

Iron storage protein

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5
Q

Transferrin

A

Circulates iron

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6
Q

Hepcidin

A

Controls iron hemostasis

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7
Q

Hemostasis

A

Stopping of bleeding

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8
Q

What is needed for hemostasis

A

Platelets, vasculature, clotting factor

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9
Q

Fibrin

A

Strengthens the plug into a clot

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10
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Makes platelets sticky to clot

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11
Q

What vitamin is important for heme synthesis

A

Vitamin B6 & E function

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12
Q

What vitamin is important for cell division, DNA synthesis, and erythrocyte maturation?

A

Folic acid

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13
Q

What vitamin is important for erythropoiesis?

A

B12

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14
Q

Which vitamin makes the stomach acidic to dissolve iron?

A

Vitamin C

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15
Q

What vitamin metabolizes carbs, fats, and proteins

A

Riboflavin (B2)

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16
Q

What vitamin is important for RBC maturation by helping erythrocyte respiration?

A

Niacin

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17
Q

What organs remove old red blood cells

A

Spleen first then liver

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18
Q

What does iron bind to?

A

Erythrocytes
Muscle cells (myoglobins)

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19
Q

Where is iron stored?

A

Bone marrow

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20
Q

Breakdown of hemoglobin into what

A

Heme —> bilirubin that is excreted
Globin —> amino acids

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21
Q

Components of plasma

A

Water
Serum proteins
Circulating solutes

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22
Q

Components of formed elements

A

Platelets
WBCs
RBCs

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23
Q

Erythropoietin is excreted from ____________

A

Kidneys

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24
Q

Thrombopoietin is made in _________

A

Liver

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25
How are platelets made
Megakaryocytes go through DNA replication but skip anaphase Nucleus enlarges (lots of DNA) Break into fragments = platelets
26
Where are platelets stored?
In the spleen
27
What is the best bone marrow function test
Bone marrow biopsy
28
What labs should you look at for anemia?
Iron, ferritin, transferrin, folate
29
Term for enlarged lymph nodes
Lymphadenopathy
30
Term for reduced neutrophils
Neutropenia
31
Primary vs Secondary Neutropenia
Primary: congenital or acquired (leukemia, lymphoma, aplastic anemia) Secondary: immune disorders or drugs
32
What diagnostics are used to confirm neutropenia
Check absolute neutrophil count (WBC must be low to diagnose)
33
Term for low platelet count
Thrombocytopenia
34
What type of medication can induce Thrombocytopenia?
Heparin (anticoagulants)
35
Manifestations of thrombocytopenia
Internal or external hemorrhages Petechiae (small bumps) or purpura (large bumps)
36
Condition of unusual cycles clotting and bleeding all over the body
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
37
Manifestations of disseminated intravascular coagulation
Bleeding from surgical wounds and IV sites Purpura, petechiae, hematoma Cyanosis in toes and fingers
38
Wha indicators do you look for to diagnose disseminated intravascular coagulation
Increased D dimers Low fibrin
39
Condition of fixed or moving clots that block blood vessels
Thromboembolic disease
40
What is the risk factor for thromboembolic disease
Virchow triad factors: 1) blood vessel injury 2) abnormal blood flow 3) over active coagulation (thrombosis)
41
Types of megaloblastic anemia
Pernicious anemia Folate deficiency anemia
42
Types of microcytic-hypochromic anemia
Iron deficiency anemia
43
What is a type of aplastic anemia
Pancytopenia
44
Type of anemia with normal sized RBCs and normal hemoglobin
Normocytic normochromic anemia
45
How does normocytic normochromic anemia occur
From trauma or blood loss
46
Term for types of anemia with enlarged RBCs
Megaloblastic or megacytic anemia
47
Type of anemia related to B12 or intrinsic factor deficiency
Pernicious anemia
48
Mechanism of pernicious anemia
Intrinsic factor needed for B12 absorption in intestines B12 needed for erythropoiesis If impaired= erythrocytes can’t mature
49
Risk factors for pernicious anemia
Anything impacting the stomach or intestines Ex) gastrectomy; proton pump inhibitors
50
Manifestations of pernicious anemia
Smooth red tongue Lemon yellow skin (jaundice)
51
What happens with folate deficient anemia
Lack of DNA synthesis leading to issues with erythrocyte maturation
52
Manifestations of folate deficient anemia
Cheilosis (scales on mouth corners) Stomatitis tongue and bucal mucosa ulcers
53
Term for anemia with small RBCs and reduced hemoglobin
Microcytic hypochromic anemia
54
Mechanism of iron deficient anemia
Impaired iron absorption Iron needed for hemoglobin so the stores iron is depleted from bone marrow
55
Manifestations of iron deficient anemia
Brittle/concave nails Cheilitis Stomatitis
56
Anemia where all 3 blood cell types are lacking
Pancytopenia
57
Mechanism of aplastic anemia
Autoimmune related; bone marrow is turned to fat
58
Manifestations of aplastic anemia
Increased bleeding Hypoxia Infection
59
How to diagnosis aplastic anemia
Bone marrow biopsy
60
Type of anemia where RBCs are destroyed
Hemolytic anemia
61
Mechanism of hemolytic anemia
Congenital or acquired from wrong blood type or medications
62
Manifestations of hemolytic anemia
Jaundice Splenomegaly Hematuria
63
Example of primary lymphoid organ
Bone marrow
64
Example of secondary lymphoid organ
Spleen Lymph nodes

Pathophysiology (9 decks)

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