Exam 3 HIV Retrovirology Flashcards
(46 cards)
HIV is part of the ____ family
Lentivirinae
Lentivirinae viruses are characterized as:
Slow, neurologic, or immunosuppressive
Morphology of HIV capsid
- D-type capsid
- Central, cone shaped cylindrical
HIV regulatory genes
- Tat
- Nef
- Vpu
Tat function
Transcriptional activator
Nef function
Reduces MHC I expression
Vpu function
Enhances virion release
HIV gp120 binds primary host cell receptor ____ and has a high affinity for binding host co-receptor ____
CD4; CCR5
HIV gp120 is _____ (initial)
M-tropic
HIV - ____ strains M-tropic; early infection of _____
CCR5 or R5; Macrophages and dendritic cells
After M-tropic initial infection, HIV subsequently moves to the ____ and spread to _____. This is termed _____ or later infection
Lymph nodes; CD4 T cells; T-tropic
Reverse transcriptase is highly error prone, which causes:
Rapid generation of many new strains (HIV clades and antigenic variants)
____ is most common and most pathogenic in the US
HIV-1
HIV-1 causes _____ (90% cases in the US)
M-type “major”
HIV gp41 facilitates:
- Fusion with macrophages, dendritic cells, microglial cells
- Fusion with T cells R4 strains
HIV envelope gp120 binds ____ and co-receptor CCR5 or R5 of _____
Host CD4; Macrophages
____ predominates in early (initial) infection
M-tropic
HIV envelope gp120 binds host _____ and co-receptor CXCR4 or R4 of _____
T-cell CD$; T-helper cells
____ predominates in late infection
T-tropic
People with CCR5 delta-32 have:
Partial resistance to R5 strains (M-tropic)
Those who have the CCR5 delta-32 gene are _____ that make up ___ of the population
Homozygous mutants; 1%
First gene edited embryos altered ____ receptor in vitro
CCR5
HIV co-receptor CXCR4 is ____ (structure)
Heptahelical
type of GPCR
HIV integration and replication begins with ssRNA (+) genome and uses _____ to create a ____ strand. This is the _____ function
RTase; DNA strand (-); reverse transcription
