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DEN 7108 Micro and Immuno Concepts Part II > Exam 4 Enteric Viruses > Flashcards

Exam 4 Enteric Viruses Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

Genus Enterovirus includes viruses that affect:

A

Enterics

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2
Q

Which viruses are part of the genus Enterovirus?

A
  • Coxsackievirus
  • Poliovirus
  • Rhinovirus/Enterovirus
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3
Q

PicoRNAviruses are also called:

A

Enterovirus

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4
Q

Enteroviruses are ____ transmission mainly with some ____ transmission

A

Fecal-oral; aerosol (aerosolized vomit or feces)

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5
Q

When is Coxsackievirus contagious?

A

Before and after symptoms go away

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6
Q

What are the two most common groups of Coxsackievirus?

A
  • Coxsackie Virus A
  • Coxsackie Virus B
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7
Q

Coxsackie Virus A is the most common cause of:

A

Viral meningitis

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8
Q

What diseases are caused by Coxsackie Virus A?

A
  • Viral meningitis
  • Herpangina
  • Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease (HFMD)
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9
Q

____ is rare in both Coxsackie Virus A and B

A

Paralysis

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10
Q

What is herpangina?

A

Painful mouth sores, ulcers, and blisters with small red spots toward the back of the mouth

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11
Q

When does herpangina appear?

A

1-2 days after the fever

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12
Q

What is Hand-Foot-and-Mouth disease (HFMD)?

A
  • Skin rash on any combo of palms, soles, mouth
  • Flat, red spot, maybe blisters
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13
Q

True or false: HFMD is a mild disease and is not very contagious

A

False - it is a mild disease but very contagious

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14
Q

What are some very rare complications of Coxsackie Virus A?

A
  • Flaccid paralysis (generalized myositis)
  • Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by Coxsackie Virus A24 variant
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15
Q

Coxsackie Virus B can cause ___ ___

A

Aseptic meningitis

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16
Q

What is a rare complication of Coxsackie Virus B?

A

Spastic paralysis

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17
Q

Coxsackie Virus B has a suspected link with what other disease?

A

Type I Diabetes

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18
Q

What is the suspected link between Coxsackie Virus B and Type I Diabetes?

A
  • CVB increases cellular immune response
  • Immune cells recognize and destroy insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells
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19
Q

Coxsackievirus - treatment

A

Hydration

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20
Q

Is there a vaccine available for Coxsackievirus?

A

No

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21
Q

Poliovirus is also known as:

A
  • Polio
  • Poliomyelitis
  • Infantile Paralysis
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22
Q

How is Poliovirus transmitted?

A

Fecal-oral

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23
Q

Poliovirus infects ____. Is this good or bad?

A

Only humans; Good because it can be completely eliminated since there is no other animal reservoir

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24
Q

The total number of reported paralytic poliomyelitis cases have ____. However, what happened in 2022 in New York?

A

Decreased; there was a genetic link to polioviruses found in London and Jerusalem wastewater

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25
There have been sporadic cases of wild poliovirus in what countries?
Pakistan and Afghanistan
26
Which countries have a very high risk for polio reintroduction? Why?
Brazil, Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Peru; vaccine coverage is 79% which is the lowest since 1994
27
What are some important symptoms of Polio?
- Flaccid paralysis - Respiratory paralysis
28
What happens if a patient has flaccid paralysis associated with Polio infection?
- Muscle weakness or paralysis in arms and/or legs - Temporary or permanent disability
29
Respiratory paralysis affects:
Breathing muscles
30
Poliovirus bound to a neuron receptor can cause:
Poliomyelitis (inflammation of nerve cells)
31
What is acute flaccid paralysis?
- Caused by damaged nerve cells - Lack of nervous enervation cause affected muscles to lose function - Muscle weakness and paralysis
32
Acute flaccid paralysis typically affects ____ more often than ____
Leg muscles; arms
33
Can damaged nerve cells regenerate?
No
34
Another severe complication of Polio is PPS, which stands for:
Post-polio syndrome
35
What happens to children with PPS?
- Children who **fully recover** can develop symptoms - Muscle weakness and atrophy - New muscle and joint pain - **Paralysis as adults**
36
What is needed for polio diagnosis?
Patients who have unexplained acute flaccid paralysis (AFP)
37
Any suspected case of _____ should be immediately reported to the health department
Polio
38
What are the two types of polio vaccines?
- Killed inactivated poliovirus vaccine - Live oral (live-attenuated viruses)
39
How is the killed poliovirus vaccine administered?
IM injection
40
How is the live oral poliovirus vaccine administered?
Liquid drops
41
Which polio vaccine is recommended?
Killed inactivated is recommended (live oral can lead to vaccine-derived infections)
42
____ is the predominant cause of common cold
Rhinovirus
43
There are ___ serotypes of rhinovirus
99
44
Which Enteroviruses can cause paralytic disease?
- Polio - Cox A - Cox B
45
Norovirus is a part of which family?
Caliciviridae
46
The enteroviruses are part of which family?
PicoRNAviridae
47
In the family Caliciviridae, ____ and ____ are the most common
Norovirus and Sapovirus
48
Norovirus causes what symptoms?
Vomiting and watery diarrhea
49
____ causes 90% of non-bacterial outbreaks of gastroenteritis
Norovirus
50
____ causes common outbreaks on cruise ships
Norovirus
51
How is norovirus transmitted?
Fecal-oral or Respiratory (from inhaling aerosolized vomit particles)
52
What ages does Norovirus infect?
All ages, and common infections in adults and nursing homes
53
When is Norovirus infectious?
Before and 2 weeks after symptom onset
54
Norovirus can be prevented by:
Handwashing
55
Rotavirus is part of what family?
Reoviridae
56
Rotavirus genetic composition
dsRNA
57
Of the 9 species of Rotavirus, ____ is the most common and causes 90% of Rotavirus infections
Rotavirus A
58
How is Rotavirus transmitted?
Fecal-oral transmission
59
Virtually ____ are infected by Rotavirus at least once by age 5
All children
60
Rotavirus is a leading cause of _____ in children
Diarrheal disease deaths
61
Rotavirus can cause ______ in infants and young children, leading to ____. Treatment is rehydration
Severe watery diarrhea and vomiting; dehydration
62
Is there a vaccine available for Rotavirus?
Yes - live-virus oral drops

DEN 7108 Micro and Immuno Concepts Part II (27 decks)

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