Exam #3 Important Terms

Question 1

Definition:

Air bubbles in the arterial blood vessels

Answer 1

Arterial air embolism

Ch 24

Question 2

Definition:

An impact on the body by objects that cause injury without penetrating soft tissues or internal organs or cavities

Answer 2

Blunt trauma

Ch 24

Question 3

Definition:
A phenomenon in which speed causes a bullet to generate pressure waves, which cause damage distant from the bullet’s path

Answer 3

Cavitation

Ch 24

Question 4

Definition:
A brain injury that occurs when force is applied to the head and energy transmission through brain tissue causes injury on the opposite side.

Answer 4

Coup-contrecoup brain injury

Ch 24

Question 5

Definition:

Resistance that slows a projectile, such as air

Answer 5

Drag

Ch 24

Question 6

Definition:
An evaluation tool used to determine level of consciousness, which evaluates and assigns point values (scores) for eye opening, verbal response, and motor response, which are then totaled; effective in helping predict patient outcomes.

Answer 6

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score

Ch 24

Question 7

Definition:

Emergencies that require EMS attention because of illness or condition not caused by an outside force.

Answer 7

Medical emergencies

Ch 24

Question 8

Definition:
Injury caused by objects, such as knives and bullets, that pierce the surface of the body and damage internal tissues and organs.

Answer 8

Penetrating trauma

Ch 24

Question 9

Definition:

Pulmonary trauma resulting from short-range exposure to detonation of explosives.

Answer 9

Pulmonary blast injuries

Ch 24

Question 10

Definition:

A scoring system used for patients with head trauma.

Answer 10

Revised Trauma Score (RTS)

Ch 24

Question 11

Definition:

Emergencies that are the result of physical forces applied to a patient’s body

Answer 11

Trauma emergencies

Ch 24

Question 12

Definition:
A score calculated from 1 to 16, with 16 being the best possible score. It relates to the likelihood of patient survival with the exception of severe head injury. Takes into account GCS, respiratory rate and expansion, systolic BP and capillary refill.

Answer 12

Trauma score

Ch 24

Question 13

Definition:

A nosebleed

Answer 13

Epistaxis

Ch 25

Question 14

Definition:

Vomited blood

Answer 14

Hematemesis

Ch 25

Question 15

Definition:

Blood in the urine

Answer 15

Hematuria

Ch 25

Question 16

Definition:

The coughing up of blood

Answer 16

Hemoptysis

Ch 25

Question 17

Definition:
A life-threatening fracture of the pelvis caused by a force that displaces one or both sides of the pelvis laterally and posteriorly

Answer 17

Open-book pelvic fracture

Ch 25

Question 18

Definition:
Loss or damage of the superficial layer of the skin as a result of a body part rubbing or scraping across a rough or hard surface.

Answer 18

Abrasion

Ch 26

Question 19

Definition:

An injury in which soft tissue is torn completely loose or is hanging as a flap.

Answer 19

Avulsion

Ch 26

Question 20

Definition:

Injuries in which damage occurs beneath the skin or mucous membrane but the surface of the skin remains intact.

Answer 20

Closed injuries

Ch 26

Question 21

Definition:

The displacement of organs outside the body

Answer 21

Evisceration

Ch 26

Question 22

Definition:
Burns that affect all skin layers and may affect the subcutaneous layers, muscle, bone and internal organs, leaving the area dry, leathery, and white, dark brown or charred.

Answer 22

Full-thickness (third-degree) burns

Ch 26

Question 23

Definition:

A deep, jagged cut in the skin

Answer 23

Laceration

Ch 26

Question 24

Definition:
Injuries in which there is a break in the surface of the skin or the mucous membrane, exposing deeper tissue to potential contamination

Answer 24

Open injuries

Ch 26

Question 25

Definition: Burns that affect the epidermis and some portion of the dermis but not the subcutaneous tissue, characterized by blisters and skin that is white to red, moist and mottled.

Answer 25

Partial-thickness (second-degree) burns Ch 26

Question 26

Definition: | Burns that affect only the epidermis, characterized by skin that is red but not blistered or actually burned through.

Answer 26

Superficial (first-degree) burns Ch 26

Question 27

Definition: | Naturally occurring uneven pupil size

Answer 27

Anisocoria Ch 27

Question 28

Definition: | A characteristic crackling sensation felt on palpation of the skin, caused by the presence of air in the soft tissues

Answer 28

Subcutaneous emphysema Ch 27

Question 29

Definition: | Inability to remember events after an injury.

Answer 29

Anterograde (posttraumatic) amnesia Ch 28

Question 30

Definition: | An accumulation of blood between the skull and the dura mater

Answer 30

Epidural hematoma Ch 28

Question 31

Definition: | An injury to the brain and its associated structures that is a direct result of impact to the head.

Answer 31

Primary (direct) injury Ch 28

Question 32

Definition: | The inability to remember events leading up to a head injury

Answer 32

Retrograde amnesia Ch 28

Question 33

Definition: | An accumulation of blood beneath the dura mater but outside the brain

Answer 33

Subdural hematoma Ch 28

Question 34

Definition: Compression of the heart as the result of buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac, leading to decreased cardiac output

Answer 34

Cardiac tamponade Ch 29

Question 35

Definition: A blunt chest injury caused by a sudden, direct blow to the chest that occurs only during the critical portion of a person’s heartbeat.

Answer 35

Commotio cordis Ch 29

Question 36

Definition: | The accumulation of blood and air in the pleural space of the chest

Answer 36

Hemopneumothorax Ch 29

Question 37

Definition: An open or penetrating chest wall wound through which air passes during inspiration and expiration, creating a sucking sound; referred to as sucking chest wound

Answer 37

Open pneumothorax Ch 29

Question 38

Definition: A pneumothorax that occurs when a weak area on the lung ruptures in the absence of major injury, allowing air to leak into the pleural space.

Answer 38

Simple pneumothorax Ch 29

Question 39

Definition: An accumulation of air or gas in the pleural cavity that progressively increases pressure in the chest that interferes with cardiac function with potentially fatal results.

Answer 39

Tension pneumothorax Ch 29

Question 40

Definition: | Movement that occurs in a bone at the point where there is no joint, indication a fracture

Answer 40

False motion Ch 31

Question 41

Definition: | A hand position in which the wrist is slightly dorsiflexed and all finger joints are moderately flexed

Answer 41

Position of function Ch 31

Question 42

Definition: | A joint injury involving damage to supporting ligaments and sometimes partial or temporary dislocation of the bone ends

Answer 42

Sprain Ch 31

Question 43

Definition: | Stretching or tearing of a muscle

Answer 43

Strain Ch 31

Question 44

Definition: The area of potentially damaged soft tissue, adjacent nerves, and blood vessels surrounding an injury to a bone or a joint

Answer 44

Zone of injury Ch 31