Exam #2 Important Terms Flashcards

Chapters 7, 9, & 10

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1
Q

Ventilation that are too forceful can result in trauma from pressure.

A

Barotrauma

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2
Q

Most commonly affects coronary vessels, where cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of the blood vessels, forming plaque.

A

Atherosclerosis

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3
Q

Sophisticated capillaries that perform filtering in the kidney.

A

Nephrons

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4
Q

Subjective condition that the patient fells and tells you about.

A

Symptom

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5
Q

Objective condition that you can observe or measure.

A

Sign

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6
Q

The forces, or energy transmission, applied to the body that cause injury.

A

Mechanism of Injury (MOI)

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7
Q

A non-invasive method to quickly and efficiently provide information on a patient’s ventilator status, circulation, and metabolism; effectively measures the concentration of carbon dioxide in expired air over time.

A

Capnography

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8
Q

The delicate membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the exposed surface of the eye.

A

Conjunctiva

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9
Q

Characterized by light or profuse sweating.

A

Diaphoretic

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10
Q

The pressure that remains in the arteries during the relaxing phase of the heart’s cycle when the left ventricle is at rest.

A

Diastolic Pressure

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11
Q

Any injury that prevents the patient from noticing other injuries he or she may have, even severe injuries.

A

Distracting Injury

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12
Q

Damage to tissues as result of exposure to cold; frozen or partially frozen body parts.

A

Frostbite

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13
Q

The time from injury to definitive care, during which treatment of shock and traumatic injuries should occur because survival potential is best.

A

Golden Hour

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14
Q

Breathing that requires greater than normal effort; may be slower or faster than normal and characterized by grunting, stridor, and use of accessory muscles.

A

Labored Breathing

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15
Q

The general type of illness a patient is experiencing.

A

Nature of Illness (NOI)

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16
Q

The motion of the portion of the chest wall that is detached in a flail chest; the motion – in during inhalation, out during exhalation – is exactly the opposite of normal chest wall motion during breathing.

A

Paradoxial Motion

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17
Q

Negative findings that warrant no care or intervention.

A

Pertinent Negatives

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18
Q

The tough, fibrous, white portion of the eye that protects the more delicate inner structure.

A

Sclera

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19
Q

Respirations characterized by little movement of the chest wall (reduced tidal volume) or poor chest excursion.

A

Shallow Respirations

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20
Q

Knowledge and understanding of your surroundings and situation and the risk they potentially pose to your safety or the safety of the EMS team.

A

Situational Awareness

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21
Q

An upright position in which the patient’s head and chin are thrust slightly forward to keep the airway open.

A

Sniffing Position

22
Q

The increased pressure in an artery with each contraction of the ventricles.

A

Systolic Pressure

23
Q

An upright position in which the patient leans forward onto two arms stretched forward and thrusts the head and chin forward.

A

Tripod Position

24
Q

The volume of air moved through the lungs in 1 minute minus the dead space; 

Equation: (Tidal volume – dead space) X Respiration rate.

A

Alveolar Minute Volume

25
Q

The volume of air that reaches the alveoli. 
Equation: Tidal volume – Dead space

A

Alveolar Ventilation

26
Q

Irregular, ineffective respirations that may or may not have an identifiable pattern.

A

Ataxic Respirations

27
Q

A ventilation device attached to a control box that allows the variables of ventilation to be set.

A

Automatic Transport Ventilator (ATV)

28
Q

Point at which the trachea bifurcates (divides) into the left and right mainstem bronchi.

A

Carina

29
Q

The ability of the alveoli to expand when air is drawn in during inhalation.

A

Compliance

30
Q

The portion of the tidal volume that does not reach the alveoli and thus does not participate in gas exchange.

A

Dead Space

31
Q

The amount of carbon dioxide present at the end of an exhaled breath.

A

End-tidal CO2

32
Q

Increased carbon dioxide level in the bloodstream.

A

Hypercarbia

33
Q

Bypassing of oxygen-poor blood past nonfunctional alveoli to the left side of the heart.

A

Intrapulmonary Shunting

34
Q

The volume of air moved through the lungs in 1 minute.


Equation: Tidal volume X Respiratory rate

A

Minute Volume

35
Q

An oxygen-delivery device in which oxygen flows through two small, tube-like prongs that fit into the patient’s nostrils.

A

Nasal Cannula

36
Q

The process of delivering oxygen to the blood by diffusion from the alveoli following inhalation into the lungs.

A

Oxygenation

37
Q

Thin membrane that lines the chest cavity.

A

Parietal Pleura

38
Q

A system established for portable cylinders to ensure that a regulator is not connects to a cylinder containing the wrong type of gas.

A

Pin-indexing System

39
Q

A partial or complete accumulation of air in the pleural space.

A

Pneumothorax

40
Q

A side-lying position used to maintain a clear airway in unconscious patients without injuries who are breathing adequately.

A

Recovery Position

41
Q

An opening through the skin into an organ or other structure.

A

Stoma

42
Q

A liquid protein substance that coats the alveoli in the lungs, decreases alveolar surface and keeps the alveoli expanded.

A

Surfactant

43
Q

A life-threatening collection of air within the pleural space; the volume and pressure have both collapsed the involved lung and caused a shift of the mediastinal structures to the opposite side.

A

Tension Pneumothorax

44
Q

Thin membrane that covers the lungs.

A

Visceral Pleura

45
Q

Process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide.

A

Respirations

46
Q

Exchange of air between the lungs and the environment, spontaneously by the patient or w/ assistance from another person, such as an EMT.

A

Ventilation

47
Q

The force or resistance against which the heart pumps.

A

Afterload

48
Q

The part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary activities of the body, such as heart rate, blood pressure and digestion.

A

Autonomic Nervous System

49
Q

Compression of the heart as the result of buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac, leading to decreased cardiac output.

A

Cardiac Tamponade

50
Q

The ability of the heart muscle to contract.

A

Myocardial Contractility

51
Q

The precontraction pressure in the heart as the volume of blood builds up.

A

Preload