EMT Exam #2

Question 1

What are the Signs and symptoms of shock?

Answer 1

Low BP (late sign)
Clammy
Rapid pulse/breathing
Changes in mental status
Pale skin

Question 2

When does the pt. enter decompensated shock?

Answer 2

a. The BP eventually falls

Question 3

What are poor skin colors?

Answer 3

Pale, cyanotic, grey

Question 4

What are poor skin temps?

Answer 4

Cool, cold, hot

Question 5

What are poor skin conditions?

Answer 5

Clammy, wet, diaphoretic

Question 6

Name type of shock:

Resulting from lack of blood volume. Circulating blood volume is inadequate to deliver sufficient oxygen and nutrients to the body.

Answer 6

Hypovolemic/Hemorrhagic

Question 7

Name type of shock:
Associated with impaired heart function; compromised heart function prevents wastes and nutrients from moving around the body effectively.

Answer 7

Cardiogenic

Question 8

Name type of shock:

Resulting when the respiratory system fails, due to illness or obstruction, and the body is deprived of oxygen.

Answer 8

Respiratory

Question 9

Name type of shock:

Resulting from severe allergic reaction.

Answer 9

Anaphylactic

Question 10

Name type of shock:
Resulting from injury to the nervous system; for example, spinal cord injury may result in dilation of vessels below the level of injury.

Answer 10

Neurogenic

Question 11

Name type of shock:
Resulting from severe allergic reaction; blood vessels dilate and decreased blood pressure results; leads to dysfunction in multiple organ systems and death.

Answer 11

Septic

Question 12

Name type of shock:

Resulting from blocked blood flow to or through the heart.

Answer 12

Obstructive

Question 13

Name type of shock:
Abnormal distribution of blood flow in the smallest blood vessels results in inadequate supply of blood to the body’s tissues and organs.

Answer 13

Distributive

Question 14

Name type of shock:

Causes fainting, probably by initiating dilation of the blood vessels that perfuse the muscles.

Answer 14

Psychogenic

Question 15

What makes us breathe?

Answer 15

CO2 receptor in the medulla

Question 16

What are the normal vital signs?

Answer 16

Respiration: 12-20
Pulse/HR: 60-100
BP: 100-140/60-80
Normal blood glucose: 80-100

Question 17

How many people are required for the use of the BVM technique?

Answer 17

Two

Question 18

Why is the BVM technique a two-person technique?

Answer 18

Fixes leaky seals

Question 19

_______________ deliver oxygenated blood to body under high pressure.

Answer 19

Arteries

Question 20

_______________ deliver deoxygenated blood back to the heart under low pressure.

Answer 20

Veins

Question 21

Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs?

Answer 21

Alveoli

Question 22

How do you open the airway?

Answer 22

Head tilt, chin lift or jaw thrust

Question 23

________________ is the amount of air moved with each inhalation.

Answer 23

Tidal volume

Question 24

_______________ is the amount of air moved in one minute.

Answer 24

Minute volume

Question 25

What is the equation for minute volume?

Answer 25

Tidal volume X respiration rate

Question 26

_________________ is the amount of blood pressure pumped with each cardiac contraction (heart beat).

Answer 26

Stroke volume

Question 27

_______________ is the amount of blood pumped in one minute.

Answer 27

Cardiac output

Question 28

What is the equation for cardiac output?

Answer 28

Stroke volume X heart rate

Question 29

What is the normal tidal volume for adults?

Answer 29

500mL or cc

Question 30

What is the normal respiration rate for adults?

Answer 30

12-20

Question 31

Coronary arteries fill and deliver oxygenated blood to the heart (from the lungs) during when?

Answer 31

Diastole

Question 32

What is the treatment for shock?

Answer 32

Place pt. supine High flow O2 with non-rebreather or manage airway Blanket to conserve heat Rapid Transport

Question 33

What is included in scene size-up?

Answer 33

``` Scene safety Additional resources How many patients MOI or NOI Consider c-spine ```

Question 34

What is assess in Primary Assessment?

Answer 34

``` LOC ABC's Skin color, temp, condition Stop to assess life-threatening bleeding/breathing problems General impression ```

Question 35

What is assessed in Secondary Assessment?

Answer 35

Physical exam

Question 36

Every how many minutes do we reassess vitals?

Answer 36

Every 5 minutes --- critical or potentially critical | Every 15 minutes --- stable pt.

Question 37

What does SAMPLE stand for?

Answer 37

``` S: signs/symptoms A: allergies M: medications P: PMHx L: last oral intake E: events leading up ```

Question 38

What does OPQRST stand for?

Answer 38

``` O: onset P: provoke Q: quality R: radiate S: severity T: time ```

Question 39

Name lung sound: | High-pitched whistling sound that is most prominent on expiration.

Answer 39

Wheezing

Question 40

Name lung sound: | Wet (usually on both inspiration and expiration) may indicate fluid in lungs.

Answer 40

Crackles

Question 41

Name lung sound: Congested breath sounds may suggest the presence of mucus in the lungs. Expect to hear low-pitched, noisy sounds most prominent on expiration. Productive cough associated.

Answer 41

Rhonchi

Question 42

Name lung sound: Often heard before even listening with stethoscope and may indicate patient has airway obstruction in neck or upper part of the chest.

Answer 42

Stridor

Question 43

What are the two airway management devices?

Answer 43

Oral and nasal airway

Question 44

How do you measure oral airway size?

Answer 44

From the corner of the mouth to the earlobe

Question 45

How do you measure a nasal airway size?

Answer 45

From the nostril to the earlobe

Question 46

How do you measure how far to stick suction in?

Answer 46

From the corner of the mouth to the earlobe | same as oral airway