exam 3 may 2013 Flashcards
(93 cards)
1
Q
glucose is in the liver as glycogen
A
true
2
Q
the primary reproductive organ of a male is the penis
A
false
3
Q
both glucagon and cortisol increase the concentration of glucose in the blood
A
true
4
Q
fertilization occurs when the diploid ovum combines with the diploid spermatozoa to form a haploid zygote
A
false
5
Q
the problem with having high fructose in the diet is that people who are lactose intolerant cannot digest it
A
false
6
Q
as incomes increase and hence nutrition and health improve across the globe, the fertility rate is rising
A
false
7
Q
the metanephric duct develops into the vas deferens in male fetus due to testosterone
A
false
8
Q
taste buds can detect sweetness, sourness, bitterness, saltiness, and umami or savoriness
A
true
9
Q
each cell (except for developing gametes) in people contains 46 pairs of chromosomes
A
false
10
Q
with the discovery of the hormone insulin, the disease of diabetes mellitus is cured
A
false
11
Q
there is absorption of at least one important nutrient in the stomach
A
true
12
Q
the cells that ultimately develop into gametes are the primordial germ cells and these migrate from the yolk sac to the genital ridges
A
true
13
Q
the incidence of diabetes is increasingly globally
A
true
14
Q
any protein will provide the body with enough amino-acids as they can easily be interconverted
A
false
15
Q
the large intestine of the healthy person contains few bacteria because bacteria are killed by stomach acids, proteolytic enzymes in the stomach and small intestine, the specific bacteria killing enzyme, lysozyme, and antibodies secreted in the lumen of the gatrointestinal tract
A
false
16
Q
gluconeogenesis is the process by which glucose is synthesized from some aminoacids and lactate in the liver and kidney
A
true
17
Q
milk is let down from the alveoli in the mammary gland by the neuro-endocrine reflex with suckling leading to the release of oxytocin from the anterior pituitary gland and this in turn causing valves in the mammary gland to relax
A
false
18
Q
proteins are digested by proteases in the stomach and small intestine
A
true
19
Q
all people with a female genotype have XX phenotype
A
false
20
Q
type I diabetes (adult onset diabetes) is the basis of 90% diabetes cases in the USA
A
false
21
Q
diabetes mellitus affects about 25 million people in the USA
A
true
22
Q
type 2 diabetes (adult onset diabetes)is the basis of 90% diabetes cases in the USA
A
true
23
Q
type 2 diabetes, there is an insensitivity (or resistance) by the tissues to insulin resulting in elevated plasma glucose concentrations
A
true
24
Q
all people with XY genotype have a male phenotype
A
false
25
human milk has the same composition as cow's milk
false
26
the placenta does not allow maternal antibodies to cross the fetus thereby preventing rejection
false
27
during ejaculation, spermatozoa are deposited directly into the uterus of women
false
28
steroid hormone act by binding to receptors in the cell nucleus of target tissues
true
29
surprisingly, the uterus has no ligaments supporting it
false
30
the mother's heart pumps blood around the fetus
false
31
most women in the USA get sufficient calcium in their diets
true
32
a 32 week fetus was conceived about 30 weeks earlier
true
33
the gallbladder functions to store bile
true
34
after eating hot spicy foods, there is an inflammation response detected terminals of trigeminal nerves
true
35
proteases are enzymes found in the gastro-intestinal tract that breaks down the protein that is found in meat, eggs, milk and beans as part of digestion
true
36
carbohydrates with a low glycemic index rapidly lead to high blood concentrations of glucose
false
37
vitamin D is regarded as a vitamin despite it being synthesized in the skin due to UV light and metabolites (e.g. 1, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D3) act on specific nuclear receptor like steroid hormones
true
38
a person with a BMI of 25 is considered under weight
true
39
in the USA milk is fortified with vitamin D
true
40
lysine, methionine, and arginine are all examples of essential amino acids and have to be present in sufficient qualities in the diet
true
41
advantages of vasectomy:
a. there is increased release of testosterone
b. it is very effective in preventing prego
c. surgery only requires local anesthesia
d. b and c
e. none of the above
advantages of vasectomy
it is very effective in preventing prego
surgery only requires local anesthesia
42
TRUE about the menstrual cycle:
a. there is release of follicle stimulating hormone from the developing follicle
b. ovulation occurs about 3 days after the first day of menses
c. the endometrium becomes thicker under the influence of both estrogen and progesterone
d. all of the above
e. none of the aboe
TRUE about the menstrual cycle
the endometrium becomes thicker under the influence of both estrogen and progesterone
43
various approaches to fertility control have different effectiveness: of 100 COUPLES
a. no birth control 85% will be prego within a year
b. use condoms 15-20% will be prego within a year
c. withdraw method, 27% will be prego within a year
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
all of the above
44
no birth control 85% will be prego within a year
true
45
use condoms 15-20% will be prego within a year
true
46
withdraw method, 27% will be prego within a year
true
47
melatonin TRUE
a. markedly increased amounts are produced during the night
b. produced by the pineal gland
c. there is a circadian rhythm of melatonin released
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
all of the above
48
melatonin
| markedly increased amounts are produced during the night
TRUE
49
melatonin
| produced by the pineal gland
TRUE
50
melatonin
| there is a circadian rhythm of melatonin released
TRUE
51
LH (luteinizing hormone) has what function in female:
a. stimulating production testosterone
b. stimulating spermatogenesis
c. stimulating secretion of follicle stimulating hormone
d. stimulating development of the corpus luteum
e. none of the aboe
LH (luteinizing hormone) has what function in female:
stimulating development of the corpus luteum
52
examples of trace elements required by the body are:
a. calcium, phosphorus (phosphate) and sodium
b. uranium polonium and tritium
c. iodine copper zinc and cobalt
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
examples of trace elements required by the body are:
iodine copper zinc and cobalt
53
Type I diabetes is caused by:
a. insulin resistance
b. hyposecretion of insulin
c. breakdown of beta-cells in the pancreas
d. b and c
e. all of the above
Type I diabetes is caused by:
hyposecretion of insulin
breakdown of beta-cells in the pancreas
54
Mullerian inhibitory hormone is produced by embryonic testis it INHIBITS:
a. growth of mesonephric ducts
b. formation/development of female ducts
c. development of the secondary glands of the male
d. a and c
e. none of the above
Mullerian inhibitory hormone is produced by embryonic testis it INHIBITS:
formation/development of female ducts
55
what in saliva contributes to killing bacteria in your mouth
a. lysozyme
b. trypsin
c. immunoglobulin A
d. stomach acid
e. a and c
what in saliva contributes to killing bacteria in your mouth
lysozyme
immunoglobulin A
56
Hormones are measured for the following reasons:
a. if human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is present in a woman's urine this is a very good indicator of prego
b. if growth hormone (GH) is pathologically high, this is a very good indicator of acromegaly
c. luteinizing hormone (LH) is measured to show whether ovulation is about to occur
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
all of the above
57
what does G.R.A.S. stand for
a. generally recognized as sweet
b. generally recognized as safe
c. greatly rewarded for safety
d. all of above
e. none of the above
G.R.A.S.
generally recognized as safe
58
best answer about the thyroid:
a. Thyroid hormones increase metabolic rate
b. the thyroid gland is synthesizes iodine containing compound, thyroxine, first as a protein, thyroglobulin. thyroxine is converted to the active form triiodothyronine
c. the anterior pituitary hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone stimulates the growth of the thyroid and the release of thyroxine
d. insufficient idoine in the diet leads to hypothyroidism
e. all of the above
all of the above
59
the thyroid gland is synthesizes iodine containing compound, thyroxine, first as a protein, thyroglobulin. thyroxine is converted to the active form triiodothyronine
True
60
Thyroid hormones increase metabolic rate
true
61
the anterior pituitary hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone stimulates the growth of the thyroid and the release of thyroxine
true
62
insufficient idoine in the diet leads to hypothyroidism
true
63
a hormone is:
a. specific chemical
b. produced by endocrine gland
c. travels via the blood stream
d. exerts specific effects on target cell, tissue, organ
e. all
all of above
64
where is oxytocin synthesized (made):
a. posterior pituitary gland
b. hypothalamus
c. median eminence
d. kidney
e. none
where is oxytocin synthesized (made):
hypothalamus
65
POMC
a. pro-opiomelanocortin-the precursor for adrenocroticotropic hormone, melanocyte stimulating hormone and endogenous opiates
b. another name for prolactin
c. posterior pituitary oxytocin mediating cortisol
d. pregnancy overtime midnight cortisol
e. none
POMC
pro-opiomelanocortin
the precursor for adrenocroticotropic hormone, melanocyte stimulating hormone and endogenous opiates
66
TRUE epinephrine:
a. is released in "fight or flight" response
b. synthesized in adrenal medulla
c increase circulating concentrations of glucose
d. increases blood flow to the skeletal muscles and decreases blood flow to the skin and GI tract
all of the above
67
major food ingredients that provide the body with energy are which:
a. Carbohydrates and fats together with some amino-acids from proteins
b. caffeine
c. vitamins B and C
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
major food ingredients that provide the body with energy are which:
Carbohydrates and fats together with some amino-acids from proteins
68
functions of GI-tract includes:
a. digestion
b. absorption
c. fermentation
d. hormone production
e. all of the above
all of the above
69
examples of monosaccharides
a. lactose
b. fructose, galactose, glucose
c. mannose and sucrose
d. a and c
e. all of the above
monosaccharides
fructose, galactose, glucose
70
in the stomach:
a. the epithelial cells release watery mucus into the lumen
b. the G cells produce gastrin that stimulates gastric acid release
c. parietal (oxyntic) cells produce gastric acids (hydrochloric) and release it into the stomach lumen
d. the chief cells produce pepsinogen and release it into the stomach lumen where it is converted to the active form pepsin
e. all
all
71
the epithelial cells release watery mucus into the lumen
true
72
the G cells produce gastrin that stimulates gastric acid release
true
73
parietal (oxyntic) cells produce gastric acids (hydrochloric) and release it into the stomach lumen
true
74
the chief cells produce pepsinogen and release it into the stomach lumen where it is converted to the active form pepsin
true
75
ingesta are moved through the digestive tracts by:
a. peristalsis
b. contractions of the smooth muscle layers of the intestine
c. parasympathetic stimulation of muscle contractions
d. all
e. none
all
76
ADH acts on what part of the nephron
a. ascending Loop of henle
b. proximal convoluted tubule
c. distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts
d. both b and c
e. all of above
ADH acts on what part of the nephron
distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts
77
which of the following hormones acts on the kidneys:
a. ADH and aldosterone
b. Renin and 1,25 hydroxy-vitamin D3
c. Luteinizing hormone
d. a and b
e. none
which of the following hormones acts on the kidneys:
ADH and aldosterone
78
which of the following statements about sphincters:
a. pyloric sphincter is between the duodenum and stomach
b. cardiac sphincter is between the esophagus and stomach
c. iieocecal junction does not allow retrograde flow of ingesta
d. all of above
e. none
all of above
79
iieocecal junction does not allow retrograde flow of ingesta
true
80
cardiac sphincter is between the esophagus and stomach
true
81
pyloric sphincter is between the duodenum and stomach
true
82
the cortex of the adrenal gland secretes the following in response to ACTH at times of stress:
a. epinephrine and norepinephrine
b. mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
c. glucocorticoids (cortisol)
d. estradiol
e. none of the above
the cortex of the adrenal gland secretes the following in response to ACTH at times of stress
glucocorticoids (cortisol)
83
female organs contribute to reproduction:
a. vagina is both a copulatory organ with spermatozoa deposited during coitus and forms part of the birth canal
b. the uterus is where fertilization occurs and where the developing conceptus implants into the myometrium implants
c. the lumen of the cervix is wide allowing all spermatozoa to easily to pass to the fallopian tubes
d. none of the above
e. all of the above
female organs contribute to reproduction:
vagina is both a copulatory organ with spermatozoa deposited during coitus and forms part of the birth canal
84
during embryonic development of the external genitalia
a. in males with a developing testes, testosterone stimulates the genital tubercle to develop into the penis
b. in females with a developing ovary, estradiol stimulates the genital groove to develop into labia minora
c. the unidifferent or tripotential genital tubercle can develop into the labia majora in females and the penis in males
d. all
e. none
during embryonic development of the external genitalia
in males with a developing testes, testosterone stimulates the genital tubercle to develop into the penis
85
infertility is defined as not achieving a prego in 3 years and is usually due to low sperm count in men
false
86
when the spermatozoan fertilizes the ovum, an embryo is immediately formed
false
87
as the man ejaculates, semen is deposited into the vagina during coitus
true
88
following fertilization, there is repeated cell division leading to a solid ball of cells, the blastocyst. each of the cells are about the same size as the ovum
false
89
the temperature of the testes/testicles is maintained at a lower set point that the rest of the body to allow efficient spermatogenesis
true
90
there is poor or no development of the ovary in the XO individual (with turner's syndrome)
true
91
both oogenesis and spermatogenesis starts at puberty
false
92
erection during sexual arousal is caused by
a. movement of a bone in the penis called the os penis
b. the prostate gland pumping blood into the penis
c. reduced blood flow out of the penis with blood accumulating in the corpora cayernosa and corpus spongiosum
d. stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
e. c and d
erection during sexual arousal is caused by
reduced blood flow out of the penis with blood accumulating in the corpora cayernosa and corpus spongiosum
93
spermatogenesis:
a. is stimulated by follicle stimulating hormone
b. occurs in the seminiferous tubules
c. there are multiple mitotic division of the spermatogonia
d. the spermatocytes undergo reduction division (meiosis)
all
