exam 3 objectives Flashcards
(101 cards)
1
Q
what is critical thinking
A
the process of intentional and reflective thinking judgment about nursing
2
Q
what is the focus of critical thinking in nursing
A
clinical decision-making to provide safe, effective care
3
Q
why is critical thinking critical in nursing
A
helps to address all aspects of patient care
4
Q
what are 2 characteristics of critical thinking
A
gathering all information and asking why
5
Q
what are the 4 types of nursing knowledge
A
theoretical, practical, self, and ethical
6
Q
what is theoretical knowledge
A
thinking, what we know
7
Q
what is practical knowledge
A
doing, what we do
8
Q
what is self knowledge
A
knowledge about ourselves
9
Q
what is ethical knowledge
A
caring, our sense of morality, right vs wrong
10
Q
what is ADPIE
A
the nursing process
11
Q
what does ADPIE stand for
A
assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation
12
Q
what is assessment in ADPIE
A
data gathering
13
Q
what is diagnosis in ADPIE
A
identifying the patient’s needs
14
Q
what is planning in ADPIE
A
the plan of care
15
Q
what is implementation in ADPIE
A
action phase, carrying out interventions
16
Q
what is evaluation in ADPIE
A
measuring the effectiveness of interventions
17
Q
what are the skills needed to perform a nursing assessment (4)
A
observe, auscultate, smell, palpate
18
Q
what is being observed during nursing assessments
A
overall appearance, gait, skin quality
19
Q
what is being auscultated during nursing assessments
A
heartbeat, breath sounds, speech, noises with movement
20
Q
what is being smelt during nursing assessments
A
odors in breath, urine, stool, etc.
21
Q
what is being palpitated during nursing assessments
A
the softness of the abdomen, quality of pulse rate, character of an injury, firmness of an infant’s fontanelle
22
Q
what are the 2 types of data
A
subjective and objective
23
Q
what is subjective data
A
something that can be biased or changed
24
Q
what are examples of subjective data
A
pain, symptoms
25
what is objective data
data that is measured, factual, 5 senses, observable
26
what is a comprehensive assessment
head-to-toe and patient story
27
what is a focused assessment
a closer look at something that stood out during a comprehensive assessment
28
how are patient's needs prioritized in holistic nursing
using Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development
29
what are documentation guidelines
charts are a legal document that can be used in court, use professional language, complete right after assessments, quote the patient on how they feel
30
what are the aspects of holistic full-spectrum nursing
compassion and concern for other's well-being, building trust in a caring relationship, self-care
31
what is a nursing diagnosis
a diagnosis that changes as the patient needs change
32
what is a medical diagnosis
a diagnosis that stays the same, based on initial problems
33
how are nursing diagnosis used in patient care
to track patient outcomes
34
how is the nursing process described
the linear process
35
how is the holistic nursing process described
the circular process
36
what does assessment in ADPIE do
prioritizes health concerns in collaboration with the client, includes scientific and intuitive approaches
37
what does diagnosis in ADPIE do
analyze assessment data to determine problems
38
what does planning in ADPIE do
develops strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcomes and how to manage a problem
39
what is important for the nurse to do during the planning phase of ADPIE
respect the patient's experience and uniqueness of each healing journey
40
what does implementing in ADPIE do
puts the plan in partnership with the person
41
what does evaluation in ADPIE do
looks at progress toward attainment of outcomes while recognizing and honoring the healing process
42
what is important to note during the evaluation phase of ADPIE
changes
43
what is the linear process
step-by-step work that mirrors the scientific process, helps nurses think through connections, provides a framework that helps nurses identify their contribution to care
44
what is the circular process
understanding that every step of the nursing process may be happening all at once and that the nurse may be addressing multiple client needs at the same time
45
what is the holistic nursing process focused on
the whole person
46
what is the nursing process focused on
the treatment of a patient's problems
47
what is self-concept
the overall view of oneself that can change through social and environmental factors
48
what factors affect self concept
illness/hospitalization, gender identity, locus of control, developmental level, family and peer relationships
49
what is an internal locus of control
taking responsibility, having control
50
what is an external locus of control
having the mindset that things happen to you, no control
51
what are the 4 components of self-concept
personal identity, body image, self-esteem, role performance
52
what is personal identity
viewing yourself as unique, stays relatively constant, potentially impaired if challenged
53
what is body image
the mental image of one's own physical self, appearance and function, has a large influence on health
54
what is self-esteem
how well a person likes themselves, overlaps with ideal self and real self
55
what is role performance
actions and behaviors in a fulfilling role
56
what is role strain
mismatch between expectations and reality
57
what is interpersonal role conflict
ideas of how to perform differ from another person
58
what is inter role conflict
two roles have competing demands on a person
59
what are the components of a comprehensive psychosocial assessment (12)
biological details, recent life changes/stressors, history of mental health issues, family relationships, social resources/network, lifestyle/relationships, functional abilities, interpersonal communication, usual coping mechanisms, health priorities, personality style, spirituality
60
what is a psychosocial assessment
an assessment to figure out what a person thinks or feels
61
what are mild anxiety symptoms
muscle tension, restlessness, irritability, unease (mild anxiety is a normal response)
62
what are moderate anxiety symptoms
perceptual field narrows, uncomfortable physical symptoms, focus on self and need to relieve discomfort
63
what are severe anxiety symptoms
can only focus on one thing, severely limited concentration, more obvious physical symptoms
64
what are panic anxiety symptoms
unreasonable/irrational, misperceive cues, lose contact with reality, react wildly, withdraw, cannot function or communicate, feel terror, disabling significant physical symptoms
65
what is a nurse's role caring for patients with depression and anxiety
recognize how severe the situation is and contact mental health professionals (assess levels to determine appropriate actions)
66
what is growth
physical changes that occur over time, the physical part of development
67
what is development
the process of adapting to one's body and environment over time through skill progression and increasing complexity of function
68
does growth and development usually follow an orderly and predictable pattern
yes
69
how is growth and development unique for each person
the timing, rate of change, and response to changes are different for each individual
70
what pattern does growth and development follow
a cephalocaudal and proximal distal pattern
71
describe the cephalocaudal pattern
beginning at the head and progressing down the chest, trunk, and lower extremities
72
describe the proximal distal pattern
beginning at the center of the body and moving outward
73
what did developmental theorists do
divide the lifespan into stages representing a period of time that shares common characteristics
74
what do theories do for the nurse
organize data and create appropriate nursing interventions individualized to the patient's needs
75
why do nurses use developmental theories
helps nurses determine if a patient's behavior is expected or needs further assessment
76
what is the cognitive theory based on
an understanding of how humans develop cognitive abilities
77
who created the cognitive theory
jean piaget
78
what 3 competencies does cognitive development require
adaption, assimilation, accommodation
79
what are the 4 parts of Piaget's cognitive development
sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, and formal operations
80
what is the sensorimotor stage
learning the world through senses, displays curiosity, shows intentional behavior, begins to see objects as separate from self
81
what is the preoperational stage
uses symbols and language, egocentric, thought based on perceptions not logic
82
what is the concrete operation stage
operates and reacts to what is concrete, can see from other's viewpoints, able to use logic and reason, able to conserve
83
what is formal operations
develops the ability to think abstractly
84
what stage of Piaget's developmental theory do some never complete
formal operations
85
what is the theory of psychosocial development
believing personality continues to evolve throughout the lifespan
86
when is the trust vs mistrust stage
birth to 18 months
87
when is the autonomy vs shame and doubt stage
18 months to 3 years
88
when is the initiative vs guilt stage
3 to 5 years
89
when is the industry vs inferiority stage
6 to 11 years
90
when is the identity vs role confusion stage
11 to 21 years
91
when is the intimacy vs isolation stage
21 to 40 years old
92
what is the generativity vs stagnation stage
40 to 65 years old
93
when is the ego vs despair stage
65 years +
94
why do nurses use developmental theories
to understand what is normal or expected before they can identify abnormal things or concerns and to provide appropriate health promotional activities
95
describe context for care
how family supports or causes stress
96
describe unit of care
the health of each family is important
97
describe family system
how the family interacts with each other and those in larger communities
98
what is the general systems theory
a theory based on the interaction of the family among themselves and others
99
what is the structural-functional family theory
how they are working as a family, focusing on the outcomes of interactions
100
what is the developmental theory
8 stages from before children to the aging family, typically focusing on the growing family with children's ages and stages
101
what is the main component of a holistic family assessment
figuring out how the family communicates
