final exam Flashcards
1
Q
who is dorthea dix
A
army nurse, first organized nursing effort
2
Q
who is clara barton
A
red cross
3
Q
handmaiden nurse
A
caring and attentive
4
Q
naughty nurse
A
sexy nurse
5
Q
battle-ax nurse
A
mean, likes to inflict pain
6
Q
what is nursing influenced by
A
societal beliefs and wars
7
Q
what does nursing have a strong historical association with
A
religion and religious orders
8
Q
what formal education do nurses have
A
structured education required for licensure, and continuing education required to keep license
9
Q
nursing laws
A
laws that govern the practice of nursing in each state
10
Q
standards of practice
A
duties and levels of care that all nurses are expected to perform
11
Q
roles of the nurse (9)
A
direct care provider, communicator, client/family advocate, counselor, change agent, leader, manager, case manager, research consumer
12
Q
self-care
A
activities that individuals perform on their own behalf to maintain their own health and well-being
13
Q
self-development
A
development of the being of the nurse through intentional self-awareness and a connection to a higher purpose through self-reflection and commitment
14
Q
how is self-development promoted
A
through contemplative practices
15
Q
holistic nursing
A
nursing that has healing of the whole person as its goal
16
Q
health
A
balance in body-mind-spirit
17
Q
illness
A
out of balance in body-mind-spirit
18
Q
curing
A
the elimination of the signs and symptoms of disease (wholeness of the body)
19
Q
healing
A
harmony of the whole person on all levels (wholeness of being)
20
Q
is healing or curing always possible
A
healing is always possible, curing is not
21
Q
how do nurses understand the experience of health and illness
A
as individual experiences
22
Q
what does nursing theory provide
A
a framework for nurses to reflect on their practice, understand behavior/occurrences, and guide viewing of data
23
Q
theory
A
an organized set of related ideas/concepts that help us find meaning, organize thinking, and develop new ideas, very specific
24
Q
paradigm
A
a worldview or ideology of a discipline, broad and nonspecific
25
framework
a set of concepts that form a whole/pattern, broad and philosophical
26
nursing metaparadigm
nursing, health, person, environment
27
what does the nursing metaparadigm do
provide agreement among nurses
28
madeleine leininger's nursing theory
nurses must value the culture of the patient, transcultural nursing
29
patricia benner's nursing theory
novice to expert, nurses grow as they work and learn intuition
30
jean watson's nursing theory
caring is the most valuable attribute of nursing, the science of human caring
31
patterns of knowing (6)
personal, empirical, aesthetic, ethical, not knowing, socio-political
32
what do patterns of knowing do
organize nursing knowledge, assist nurses to be fully present, and integrate the art and science of nursing
33
personal knowing
the nurse's awareness of self
34
empirical knowing
the science of nursing
35
aesthetic knowing
the art of nursing
36
ethical knowing
the moral knowing
37
not knowing
always learning, keep an open mind, allows for new solutions
38
socio-political knowing
addresses the social determinants of health
39
4 phases of therapeutic relationships
pre-interaction, orientation, working, termination
40
subjective data
something that can be biased or changed
41
objective data
measured, factual, 5 senses
42
nursing process (ADPIE)
assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation
43
difference between nursing diagnosis and medical diagnosis
nursing diagnosis changes as patient changes, medical diagnosis stays the same
44
4 domains of health
psychological, social, spiritual, biological
45
4 components of self-concept
personal identity, body image, self-esteem, role performance
46
personal identity
viewing yourself as unique and different from all others
47
body image
mental image of one's own physical self (looks and abilities)
48
self-esteem
how well a person likes themselves
49
role performance
action and behaviors in a fulfilling role
50
growth
physical changes that occur over time
51
development
adapting to one's body and environment over time
52
what pattern does growth and development follow
cephalocaudal and proximal distal
53
what is jean piaget's cognitive theory steps
sensorimotor --> preoperational --> concrete operational --> formal operations
54
what 3 competencies are required in piaget's theory
adaption, assimilation, and accommodation
55
what happens at 3 month development
smile
56
what happens at 5 month development
stomach to back
57
what happens at 6 month development
back to stomach
58
what happens at 7 month development
sit alone
59
what happens at 9 month development
crawls
60
what happens at 10 month development
pincer grasp
61
what happens at 11 month development
cruise, hanging on furniture
62
what happens at 12 month development
first steps, picks up objects, responds to verbal requests, use simple gestures
63
structure of a family
who makes the family unit
64
function of a family
what purpose does the group serve
65
context for care
how a family supports or causes stress
66
unit of care
the health of each family member is important, the overall family health
67
family system
how the family interacts with each other and those in the larger community
68
general systems theory
interactions can cause changes in the family structure and function and can affect illness/stressors, cause an imbalance in family structure
69
structural-functional theory
how a family works and lives together, focus on the outcomes of interactions
70
developmental theory
families grow as children grow, families change as children grow
71
genogram
a method of tracking family structure and conditions
72
what is important to assess for each family unit
the power gradient of the family
73
stress
a disturbance in the normal state
74
stressor
a real or perceived threat that disrupts the equilibrium
75
homeostasis
a state of internal and external equilibrium
76
coping
voluntary or involuntary responses to maintain homeostasis
77
adaption
changes that result from stress and coping
78
generalized adaption syndrome (GAS) steps
alarm, resistance, exhaustion/recovery
79
what happens during the alarm stage
sympathetic nervous system kicks in to cause fight or flight
80
what happens during the resistance stage
the parasympathetic nervous system kicks in
81
what happens during the exhaustion stage
if the alarm continues, energy is depleted and coping is ineffective
82
what happens during the recovery stage
there is effective coping and adaption occurs
83
countershock
all changes are reversed and a person becomes less able to deal with a threat
84
what are the two parts to local adaption syndrome (LAS)
reflex pain response and inflammatory response
85
reflex pain response
a protective reflex sent from the spinal cord that is involuntary
86
inflammatory response
a local reaction to cell injury to protect and promote healing
87
conventional healthcare
modern medicine
88
alternative healthcare
non-mainstream practice
89
complementary healthcare
a non-mainstream practice that is used together with medicine
90
integrative healthcare
bringing together conventional and complementary approaches together in an intentional and coordinated way
91
4 integrative therapies
meditation, aromatherapy, guided imagery, touch
92
health promotion
motivated by the desire to increase well-being
93
health protection
motivated by the desire to avoid illness
94
levels of prevention
primary, secondary, tertiary
95
primary prevention
activities designed to prevent or slow the onset of disease
96
examples of primary prevention
healthy diet, immunizations, wearing sunscreen
97
secondary prevention
screening activities and education for detecting illness in the early stages (doing things to detect a problem)
98
examples of secondary prevention
annual exams, well-child checks, blood pressure screenings
99
tertiary prevention
focuses on stopping disease from progressing and returning to a pre-illness phase
100
examples of tertiary prevention
recovering after surgery, pt, ot
101
community
a sense of sharing or relationship
102
population
a group in geographical region in a study
103
aggregate
a group of individuals with at least one shared characteristic
104
community health nursing focus
how the health of individuals affects the community as a whole
105
public health nursing focus
how the health of the community affects the health of individuals
106
what are the material barriers to spiritual care
economic constraints, poor staffing, insufficient time, lack of privacy, and high tech care
107
what are the non-material barriers to spiritual care
lack of awareness of own beliefs, lack of education, differences in spirituality, fear that knowledge is insufficient, and fear of where discussions may lead
108
acculturation
adopting elements of a new culture and current culture
109
assimilation
new members gradually learn and take on beliefs, values, and behaviors of the culture
110
socialization
the process of learning to become a new member of a society or group
111
why do nurses need to be educators
help patients participate in their care, empower patients, and lower overall healthcare costs
112
bloom's domains of learning
affective, cognitive, psychomotor
113
affective learning
changing feelings, beliefs, attitudes, and values
114
psychomotor learning
learning a skill requires both mental and physical activity
115
cognitive learning
storing and recalling information in the brain
116
health literacy
the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate healthcare decisions
117
health illiteracy
when a person in unable to apply language skills to understand information about their healthcare
118
what should all learning objectives contain
single/specific one dimensional behavior, all three domains of learning, SMART format
119
7 specific teaching strategies
lecture, group discussion, demonstrate/teach-back, one-to-one instruction, printed material, role model, digital information
120
SMART format
specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, time
121
what does evidence-based practice use
recent information that is peer reviewed
122
safe from harm
safety protocols are in place to protect participants from harm
123
full disclosure
the researcher must explain the purpose, risks, potential complications, a contact for questions/issues, and compensations for participation
124
self-determination
participant can stop their part in the study at any time without recourse
125
confidentiality
no data from any patient can be identified as theirs
126
where do morals come from
religion, culture, and education
127
what are morals
help you judge what is right and wrong
128
ethics
the action of applying moral behavior or contemplation actions for what is right or wrong
129
nursing ethics
ethical questions that arise in nursing practice
130
autonomy and self-determination
patients of sound mind have the right to guide their own treatment
131
beneficence
the nurse's duty to always do the right thing for the patient
132
justice
obligation for fairness in care delivery, care must be fair, just, and equal
133
non-maleficence
do no harm
134
veracity
being truthful in your practice, not witholding truths from patients
135
fidelity
keeping promises to patients, fiath service, high quality and safe care
136
MORAL model
massage the dilemma, outline options, resolve the dilemma, act by applying the chosen option, look back and evaluate
137
holistic core value 1: philosophy, theories, and ethics
holistic nurses believe that all things are connected, practice in both science and nursing, are guided by nursing theory, and act as a partner with their clients
138
holistic core value 2: holistic nurse self-reflection and self-care
holistic nursing requires consciousness of one's inner being, the capacity for one's well-being, and a commitment to personal self-healing as an ethic of care
139
holistic core value 3: holistic caring process
are fully with their patients, use intention to promote the highest good, emphasize partnership
140
holistic core value 4: holistic communication, therapeutic relationship, healing environment, and cultural care
listen with the heart, good communication, and create a healing environment
141
holistic core value 5: holistic education and research
have an understanding of a wide range of norms, values all ways of knowing/cultures/beliefs
