Exam 3 Pt 2 & 3

Question 1

5 parts of the Phonatory apparatus

Answer 1

Arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform, epiglottic, and hyoid bone.

Question 2

4 arytenoid cartilage

Answer 2

Found on superior surface of the cricoid cartilage. Allows for onset and offset of voicing. Pyramidal in shape with a base and apex. Contains the vocal and muscular processes.

Question 3

Vocal process

Answer 3

Projects anteriorly toward the thyroid notch, and vocal folds attach there.

Question 4

Muscular process

Answer 4

Projects laterally on the arytenoid and point of attachment for muscles that adduct and abduct the vocal folds.

Question 5

Vocal ligament

Answer 5

Attaches to vocal process and medial fibers of vocal muscles

Question 6

Ventricular ligament

Answer 6

Superior and lateral to vocal process and attaches to inner surface of thyroid cartilage

Question 7

Corniculate cartilage

Answer 7

Small horn shaped extensions of arytenoids and support aryepiglottic fold

Question 8

Cuneiform cartilage

Answer 8

Small cartilages that are embedded within the aryepiglottic fold, anterior to corniculate cartilages, and provide support for laryngeal coverings.

Question 9

Epiglottic cartilage

Answer 9

Leaflike in structure, stem arises from the inner surface of the thyroid angle, attaches by means of the thyroepiglottic ligament, and protects the airway by deflecting food and liquids for being swallowed.

Question 10

Hyoepiglottic ligament

Answer 10

Epiglottis attaches to the hyoid bone vie this.

Question 11

Aryepiglottic folds

Answer 11

The sides of epiglottis join with arytenoid cartilages

Question 12

Hyoid corpus

Answer 12

Shield structure forming the front of the bone, it is convex, and inner surface is concave.

Question 12

Greater Cornu

Answer 12

Arms that extend posteriorly and slightly horizontally, ends of teh gc articulate with the superior horns of the thyroid cartilage

Question 13

Lesser Cornu

Answer 13

Coned shaped and rises superiorly.

Question 14

Hyoid bone

Answer 14

Attaches to 9 pairs of muscles, very mobile, doesn’t connect to any bone, forms the base of the tongue.

Question 15

Cricothyroid joint

Answer 15

Junction of the cricoid cartilage and the inferior Cornu of the thyroid cartilage, synovial joint that allows for the cricoid and thyroid to rotate and glide, provides the major adjustment for change in vocal pitch

Question 16

Cricoarytenoid joint

Answer 16

Saddle joint formed between the cricoid and arytenoid cartilages, concave portion of arytenoid articulates with convex portion of cricoid lamina, synovial joint allows for rocking, gliding and minimal rotation.

Question 17

Posterior cricoarytenoid ligament

Answer 17

Extends from posterior surface of the cricoid lamina to the base of the posterior surface of the arytenoid cartilage

Question 18

Anterior cricoarytenoid ligament

Answer 18

Extends front the cricoid cartilage to the anterolateral vase of the arytenoid cartilage, may limit backward movement of the arytenoid cartilage

Question 19

Intrinsic laryngeal muscles

Answer 19

Have both origin and insertion on laryngeal cartilage and make fine adjustments to the vocal mechanism.

Question 20

Extrinsic laryngeal muscles

Answer 20

One attachment on laryngeal cartilage and the other attachment on a nonlaryngeal structure also helps with elevating and depressing the larynx

Question 21

Tensor

Answer 21

Tightens muscles

Question 22

Adductor

Answer 22

Bring together

Question 23

Abductor

Answer 23

Pull apart

Question 24

Relaxers

Answer 24

Relax muslces

Question 25

Cricothyroid muscle

Answer 25

Primary tensor for the vocal folds, pulls cricoid backward and upward and thyroid forward and downward and lengthens vocal folds.

Question 26

Pars recta

Answer 26

Medial most component of Cricothyroid muscle, originates on the anterior surface of cricoid cartilage and inserts into the lower surface of the thyroid lamina.

Question 27

Pars oblique

Answer 27

Originates from cricoid cartilage and course obliquely up to insert into the juncture between the thyroid lamina and inferior horns.

Question 28

Thyroarytenoid muscle

Answer 28

Runs from the inner surface o father thyroid cartilage and inserts on lateral surface of arytenoid vocal processes, parallel to the glottis

Question 29

Thyrovacalis

Answer 29

Portion where internal central fibers run alongside vocal ligaments. Origin- inner surface, thyroid cartilage near notch. Insertion- lateral surface of the arytenoid vocal process Action- tense vocal folds

Question 30

Thyromuscularis

Answer 30

Larger segment of the thyroarytenoid, immediately lateral to each thyrovocalis. Origin- inner surface of the thyroid cartilage, near the notch Insertion- base and muscular process of arytenoid cartilage Action- relaxes vocal folds

Question 31

Five layers of the vocal folds

Answer 31

Epithelium, superior layer, intermediate layer, deep layer, and vocalis muscle

Question 32

Three sections of the vocal folds

Answer 32

Cover- epithelium and superior Transition- intermediate and deep Body- vocalis muscle

Question 33

Thyroepiglotticus muscle

Answer 33

Can be classified as an auxiliary muscle, helps dilate openings, involved in closing the larynx when swallowing. Origin- inner surface of thyroid at angle Insertion- lateral epiglottis Action- dilates airway

Question 34

Lateral cricoarytenoid

Answer 34

Origin- cricoid cartilage Insertion- muscular process of the arytenoid Action- when this muscle adducts, the arytenoid squeeze the anterior tips of the vocal process tightly together.

Question 35

Transverse arytenoid muscle

Answer 35

Only unpaired intrinsic muscle. Origin- lateral margin of the posterior surface of one arytenoid Insertion- corresponding surface of hey other arytenoid Action- pulls arytenoids together

Question 36

Oblique arytenoid muscle

Answer 36

Origin- posterior base of the muscular processes Insertion- apex of the opposite arytenoid Action- adduction, enforces medial compression, as well as rocks the arytenoid and vocal folds down and in.

Question 37

Posterior cricoarytenoid

Answer 37

Sole abductor of the vocal folds. Origin- posterior wall of cricoid cartilage. Insertion- muscular processes of the arytenoid cartilages Action- abduction, they are the major muscles responsible for rock and gliding the arytenoids apart.