Exam 3 Review Questions

Question 1

Which of the following statements is not true concerning testing for drugs of abuse?

a) A two-tired testing approach includes screening and confirmatory testing

b) Confirmatory testing must use methods with high specificity and low sensitivity

c) Screening tests detect classes of drugs

d) GC-MS is the reference method used for confirmation

Answer 1

Confirmatory testing must use methods with high specificity and low sensitivity

Question 2

T/F:
Common routes of exposure to toxins are through the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and skin.

Answer 2

TRUE

Question 3

Which of the following is not true concerning analysis of toxic agents?
Correct answer:

a) Screening tests have good specificity but lack sensitivity

b) Confirmatory tests report the concentration of the analyte

c) Screening tests are a rapid test intended to detect the presence of a substance

d) The reference method for most compounds is gas chromatography with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS_

Answer 3

Screening tests have good specificity but lack sensitivity

Question 4

Toxic levels of acetaminophen are associated with

Answer 4

Hepatotoxicity

Question 5

Pharmacokinetics and drug concentration are influenced by which of the following factors?

Answer 5

Absorption, distribution, excretion, metabolism

Question 6

A drug’s most direct and effective method of delivery to its site of action is:

Answer 6

Intravenous administration

Question 7

A blood draw to determine a peak level of a drug should be drawn:

Answer 7

One hour after an orally administered dose

Question 8

T/F:
Cytochrome P450 is an enzyme that influences the effectiveness of a drug in an individual.

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

Tumor marker methodology include all of the following except:

a) Immunoassays

b) Gas chromatography

c) Immunohistochemistry

d) Enzyme analysis

Answer 9

Gas chromatography

Question 10

Which of the following tumor markers is classified as an oncofetal antigen?
Correct answer:

a) Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

b) CA 19-9

c) BRCA-1

d) hCG

Answer 10

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

Question 11

Which tumor marker is associated with neuroblastoma?

a) CA-15-3

b) Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

c) CA 125

d) Homovanillic acid (HVA)

Answer 11

Homovanillic acid (HVA)

Question 12

T/F:
Abnormally low tumor marker concentrations are associated with antigen deficiency and can cause false negative results

Answer 12

FALSE

Question 13

What is the major transporter of drugs

Answer 13

Albumin

Question 14

The phenomenon in which a drug is metabolized and results in a reduced concentration of the drug before reaching the circulatory system

Answer 14

First Pass Effect

Question 15

The study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of actions:

Answer 15

Pharmacodynamics

Question 16

This tumor marker is often measured in both total and free form

Answer 16

PSA

Question 17

The concentration range of a drug within which the drug produces the desired effect

Answer 17

Therapeutic range

Question 18

This tumor marker is primarily used as a marker for ovarian cancer

Answer 18

CA-125

Question 19

This is found as a contaminant of homemade liquors and can cause optic neuropathy

Answer 19

Methanol

Question 20

This is a significant environmental pollutant and is easily taken up by crops – especially tobacco

Answer 20

Cadmium

Question 21

This is a cardioactive drug that is used to treat arrythmias and CHF. Biotin is known to interfere with this test

Answer 21

Digoxin

Question 22

The most direct and effective route of administration of a drug

Answer 22

IV

Question 23

This is a common malignant tumor in kids associated with high levels of plasma, epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine

Answer 23

Neuroblastoma

Question 24

This test is used along with hCG to classify nonseminomatous tumor

Answer 24

AFP

Question 25

This is a kind of testing method that can be performed on solid tissue tumor markers

Answer 25

Immunohistochemistry

Question 26

The predicted dose that would produce a toxic response in 50% of the population

Answer 26

TD50

Question 27

This may occur when analyte concentrations exceed the analytical range excessively

Answer 27

Hook Effect

Question 28

This drug is the hepatic metabolite of procainamide

Answer 28

NAPA

Question 29

The study of the movement of drugs in the body

Answer 29

Pharmacokinetics

Question 30

This drug commonly is tested for both the total and free forms

Answer 30

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Question 31

Endogenous substances biologically synthesized either in living cells or in microorganisms

Answer 31

Toxins

Question 32

This method of analysis of toxic agent has good sensitivity but lacks specificity

Answer 32

Screening

Question 33

These types of tumor markers are valuable in diagnosing neuroblastomas, pituitary and adrenal adenomas

Answer 33

Endocrine Tumor Markers

Question 34

This tumor marker is the prototypical oncofetal antigen and is used for monitoring colorectal cancer

Answer 34

CEA

Question 35

Uses the results from animal experiments to predict what level of exposure will cause harm to humans

Answer 35

Descriptive Toxicology

Question 36

This is a metal with 3 forms, one of which is liquid at room temp

Answer 36

Mercury

Question 37

This is a useful system to compare relative toxicities of substances as the predicted endpoint is death

Answer 37

Dose-Response Relationship

Question 38

B-macroglobulin and immunoglobulins are part of this group of tumor markers

Answer 38

Serum Protein Tumor

Question 39

Chemicals and drugs that are not normally found in or produced by the body

Answer 39

Xenobiotics

Question 40

"Trace Element Free"

Answer 40

Royal Blue top tube

Question 41

This is an example of something that can have significant interference in immunoassays by cross-linking with the capture/label antibody

Answer 41

HAMAs

Question 42

This drug is ototoxic enough that it is recommended that baseline audiology testing is performed

Answer 42

Tobramycin

Question 43

This type of tumor marker can help to choose between endocrine and cytotoxic therapies

Answer 43

Receptor Tumor Marker