All Weekly Review Questions and Some

Question 1

What major lipoprotein location is associated with the apolipoprotein Apo A48

Answer 1

Chylo

Question 2

What major lipoprotein location is associated with the apolipoprotein Apo B100

Answer 2

LDL

Question 3

Visible light falls between the color ______ at 400 nm and _____ at 700 nm

Answer 3

violet, red

Question 4

This type of lamp is used in visible and infrared regions and is the most common type:

Answer 4

Tungsten

Question 5

T/F:

Percent transmittance is the ratio of the radiant energy transmitted, divided by the radiant energy incident on the sample.

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

What order does light get converted?

Answer 6

• Electrons
• Amps
• Volts
• Absorbance

Question 7

Which is not true of amino acid analysis?

Answer 7

Correct answer:

Blood samples should be drawn after a 2-3 hour fast

Question 8

T/F:

When proteins have a more positive charge they are more easily dissolved.

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

Which protein has a function to maintain oncotic pressure?

Answer 9

Albumin

Question 10

In cerebral spinal fluid, ______% of protein comes from plasma, while ______% comes from the brain.

Answer 10

95%, 5%

Question 11

Pathological condition in which the proximal tubules in the kidneys do not reabsorb glucose, amino acids, uric acids, and bicarbonates resulting in their loss to the urine concentrate.

Answer 11

Fanconi Syndrome

Question 12

Given the following information, calculate the creatinine clearance:

Urine creatinine: 87 mg/dL

Plasma creatinine: 3.2 mg/dL

Urine volume for 24 hours: 810 mL

Patient BSA: 1.92

Answer 12

13.70

(87/3.2)x(810 mL/1440 min)x(1.73/1.92)

Question 13

Given the following results, determine if the patient is experiencing azotemia and what kind.

BUN: 56 mg/dL

Creatinine: 2.1 mg/dL

Answer 13

Pre-renal azotemia

(56/2.1)=26.7

Question 14

Which of the following serves as the glomerular filtration rate for clinicians?

Answer 14

Creatinine

Question 15

What does an increase in serum enzyme levels indicate?

Answer 15

Tissue damage and necrosis

Question 16

When measuring enzyme activity, if the instrument is operating at 50 C lower than the temperature prescribed for the method, how would the results be affected?

Answer 16

Lower than expected

Question 17

T/F:

The following statement could be used to describe zero-order kinetics:

Substrate is present in excess, rate of reaction is constant with time and dependent only on the concentration of enzyme in the system.

Answer 17

TRUE

Question 18

These type of inhibitors may allow substrate binding but will inhibit the formation of product.

Answer 18

Non-competitive inhibitors

Question 19

High levels of which lipoprotein class are associated with decreased risk of accelerated atherosclerosis?

Answer 19

HDL

Question 20

Which of the following lipid results would be expected to be falsely elevated on a serum specimen from a non-fasting patient?

Answer 20

Triglyceride

Question 21

Turbidity in serum suggests elevation of:

Answer 21

Chylomicrons

Question 22

The function of the major lipid components of the very-low density lipoproteins is to transport:

Answer 22

Endogenous triglycerides

Question 23

A pregnant patient with a fasting glucose of 101 mg/dL is given a 3 hour glucose tolerance test the next day with a 100 gram glucose load. The results are as follows:

Fasting: 98 mg/dL

1-hr: 190 mg/dL

2-hr: 162 mg/dL

3-hr: 132 mg/dL

What is the patient’s diagnosis?

Answer 23

Gestational diabetes

Question 24

A diabetic patient comes into the doctor’s office with a fasting blood sugar of 192 mg/dL and a HbA1c value of 14%. Based on these results, what statement best describes the patient.

Answer 24

Diabetes mellitus if not managed

Question 25

Of the following glucose levels, which would you expect to result in glucose in the urine?

Answer 25

193 mg/dL

Question 26

Diabetic condition formed when a person's own immune system destroys the islet cells of the pancreas, resulting in impaired production of insulin.

Answer 26

Type I diabetes

Question 27

CSF total protein is considered to be what percentage of the total blood protein value?

Answer 27

0.5-1.0%

Question 28

A patient goes to the ER with increased fluid retention in the chest and complains of pain when taking a breath (pleuisy). The doctor removes fluid from the chest and it reveals increased white and red cell counts, low protein, and has a notably odor. What procedure was utilized to extract the fluid and what type of fluid resulted from the extraction?

Answer 28

Thorocentesis, exudate

Question 29

A cloudy synovial fluid with a WBC count of 150,000, no viscosity, and monosodium urate crystals noted is consistent with which process?

Answer 29

Crystal induced

Question 30

Which of the following conditions is associated with the formation of an exudate?

Answer 30

Pneumonia

Question 31

Electrolyte essential for myocardial contraction and important to maintain normal levels for critically ill patients.

Answer 31

Calcium

Question 32

A patient presents to the ER with severe dehydration, dilute urine production, and constant "thirst" sensation. It is revealed that the patient had recently (1 week ago) fallen off a ladder and suffered trauma to the head. Given this information, what lab test should be performed?

Answer 32

ADH/AVP

Question 33

Second most abundant anion in extracellular fluid.

Answer 33

Bicarbonate

Question 34

Of the total serum osmolality; sodium, chloride, and bicarb normally contribute what percent?

Answer 34

92

Question 35

What is the best interpretation of the following results? pH=7.33 (7.35-7.45) CO2= 27 (35-45) HCO3= 14 (22-29)

Answer 35

Metabolic acidosis with partial compensation

Question 36

Which parameter on a blood gas analysis is calculated instead of being directly measured.

Answer 36

HCO3

Question 37

T/F: The unique structure of hemoglobin allows it to act as both an acid-base buffer and O2 buffer.

Answer 37

TRUE

Question 38

An increase in H+ ions, a decrease in pH, and a decrease in HCO3 results in what acid-base disorder?

Answer 38

Metabolic Acidosis

Question 39

Which of the following statements is not true concerning testing for drugs of abuse?

Answer 39

Confirmatory testing must use methods with high specificity and low sensitivity

Question 40

T/F: Common routes of exposure to toxins are through the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and skin.

Answer 40

TRUE

Question 41

Which of the following is not true concerning analysis of toxic agents?

Answer 41

Screening tests have good specificity but lack sensitivity

Question 42

Toxic levels of acetaminophen are associated with

Answer 42

Hepatotoxicity

Question 43

Pharmacokinetics and drug concentration are influenced by which of the following factors?

Answer 43

Absorption, distribution, excretion, metabolism

Question 44

A drug's most direct and effective method of delivery to its site of action is:

Answer 44

Intravenous administration

Question 45

A blood draw to determine a peak level of a drug should be drawn:

Answer 45

One hour after an orally administered dose

Question 46

T/F: Cytochrome P450 is an enzyme that influences the effectiveness of a drug in an individual.

Answer 46

TRUE

Question 47

Tumor marker methodology include all of the following except:

Answer 47

Gas chromatography

Question 48

Which of the following tumor markers is classified as an oncofetal antigen?

Answer 48

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

Question 49

Which tumor marker is associated with neuroblastoma?

Answer 49

Homovanillic acid (HVA)

Question 50

T/F: Abnormally low tumor marker concentrations are associated with antigen deficiency and can cause false negative results

Answer 50

FALSE