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Chem I > All Weekly Review Questions and Some > Flashcards

All Weekly Review Questions and Some Flashcards

1
Q

What major lipoprotein location is associated with the apolipoprotein Apo A48

A

Chylo

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2
Q

What major lipoprotein location is associated with the apolipoprotein Apo B100

A

LDL

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3
Q

Visible light falls between the color ______ at 400 nm and _____ at 700 nm

A

violet, red

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4
Q

This type of lamp is used in visible and infrared regions and is the most common type:

A

Tungsten

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5
Q

T/F:

Percent transmittance is the ratio of the radiant energy transmitted, divided by the radiant energy incident on the sample.

A

TRUE

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6
Q

What order does light get converted?

A
  • Electrons
  • Amps
  • Volts
  • Absorbance
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7
Q

Which is not true of amino acid analysis?

A

Correct answer:

Blood samples should be drawn after a 2-3 hour fast

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8
Q

T/F:

When proteins have a more positive charge they are more easily dissolved.

A

TRUE

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9
Q

Which protein has a function to maintain oncotic pressure?

A

Albumin

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10
Q

In cerebral spinal fluid, ______% of protein comes from plasma, while ______% comes from the brain.

A

95%, 5%

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11
Q

Pathological condition in which the proximal tubules in the kidneys do not reabsorb glucose, amino acids, uric acids, and bicarbonates resulting in their loss to the urine concentrate.

A

Fanconi Syndrome

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12
Q

Given the following information, calculate the creatinine clearance:

Urine creatinine: 87 mg/dL

Plasma creatinine: 3.2 mg/dL

Urine volume for 24 hours: 810 mL

Patient BSA: 1.92

A

13.70

(87/3.2)x(810 mL/1440 min)x(1.73/1.92)

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13
Q

Given the following results, determine if the patient is experiencing azotemia and what kind.

BUN: 56 mg/dL

Creatinine: 2.1 mg/dL

A

Pre-renal azotemia

(56/2.1)=26.7

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14
Q

Which of the following serves as the glomerular filtration rate for clinicians?

A

Creatinine

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15
Q

What does an increase in serum enzyme levels indicate?

A

Tissue damage and necrosis

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16
Q

When measuring enzyme activity, if the instrument is operating at 50 C lower than the temperature prescribed for the method, how would the results be affected?

A

Lower than expected

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17
Q

T/F:

The following statement could be used to describe zero-order kinetics:

Substrate is present in excess, rate of reaction is constant with time and dependent only on the concentration of enzyme in the system.

A

TRUE

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18
Q

These type of inhibitors may allow substrate binding but will inhibit the formation of product.

A

Non-competitive inhibitors

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19
Q

High levels of which lipoprotein class are associated with decreased risk of accelerated atherosclerosis?

A

HDL

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20
Q

Which of the following lipid results would be expected to be falsely elevated on a serum specimen from a non-fasting patient?

A

Triglyceride

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21
Q

Turbidity in serum suggests elevation of:

A

Chylomicrons

22
Q

The function of the major lipid components of the very-low density lipoproteins is to transport:

A

Endogenous triglycerides

23
Q

A pregnant patient with a fasting glucose of 101 mg/dL is given a 3 hour glucose tolerance test the next day with a 100 gram glucose load. The results are as follows:

Fasting: 98 mg/dL

1-hr: 190 mg/dL

2-hr: 162 mg/dL

3-hr: 132 mg/dL

What is the patient’s diagnosis?

A

Gestational diabetes

24
Q

A diabetic patient comes into the doctor’s office with a fasting blood sugar of 192 mg/dL and a HbA1c value of 14%. Based on these results, what statement best describes the patient.

A

Diabetes mellitus if not managed

25
Q

Of the following glucose levels, which would you expect to result in glucose in the urine?

A

193 mg/dL

26
Q

Diabetic condition formed when a person’s own immune system destroys the islet cells of the pancreas, resulting in impaired production of insulin.

A

Type I diabetes

27
Q

CSF total protein is considered to be what percentage of the total blood protein value?

A

0.5-1.0%

28
Q

A patient goes to the ER with increased fluid retention in the chest and complains of pain when taking a breath (pleuisy). The doctor removes fluid from the chest and it reveals increased white and red cell counts, low protein, and has a notably odor. What procedure was utilized to extract the fluid and what type of fluid resulted from the extraction?

A

Thorocentesis, exudate

29
Q

A cloudy synovial fluid with a WBC count of 150,000, no viscosity, and monosodium urate crystals noted is consistent with which process?

A

Crystal induced

30
Q

Which of the following conditions is associated with the formation of an exudate?

A

Pneumonia

31
Q

Electrolyte essential for myocardial contraction and important to maintain normal levels for critically ill patients.

A

Calcium

32
Q

A patient presents to the ER with severe dehydration, dilute urine production, and constant “thirst” sensation. It is revealed that the patient had recently (1 week ago) fallen off a ladder and suffered trauma to the head. Given this information, what lab test should be performed?

A

ADH/AVP

33
Q

Second most abundant anion in extracellular fluid.

A

Bicarbonate

34
Q

Of the total serum osmolality; sodium, chloride, and bicarb normally contribute what percent?

A

92

35
Q

What is the best interpretation of the following results?

pH=7.33 (7.35-7.45)

CO2= 27 (35-45)

HCO3= 14 (22-29)

A

Metabolic acidosis with partial compensation

36
Q

Which parameter on a blood gas analysis is calculated instead of being directly measured.

A

HCO3

37
Q

T/F:

The unique structure of hemoglobin allows it to act as both an acid-base buffer and O2 buffer.

A

TRUE

38
Q

An increase in H+ ions, a decrease in pH, and a decrease in HCO3 results in what acid-base disorder?

A

Metabolic Acidosis

39
Q

Which of the following statements is not true concerning testing for drugs of abuse?

A

Confirmatory testing must use methods with high specificity and low sensitivity

40
Q

T/F:

Common routes of exposure to toxins are through the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and skin.

A

TRUE

41
Q

Which of the following is not true concerning analysis of toxic agents?

A

Screening tests have good specificity but lack sensitivity

42
Q

Toxic levels of acetaminophen are associated with

A

Hepatotoxicity

43
Q

Pharmacokinetics and drug concentration are influenced by which of the following factors?

A

Absorption, distribution, excretion, metabolism

44
Q

A drug’s most direct and effective method of delivery to its site of action is:

A

Intravenous administration

45
Q

A blood draw to determine a peak level of a drug should be drawn:

A

One hour after an orally administered dose

46
Q

T/F:

Cytochrome P450 is an enzyme that influences the effectiveness of a drug in an individual.

A

TRUE

47
Q

Tumor marker methodology include all of the following except:

A

Gas chromatography

48
Q

Which of the following tumor markers is classified as an oncofetal antigen?

A

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

49
Q

Which tumor marker is associated with neuroblastoma?

A

Homovanillic acid (HVA)

50
Q

T/F:

Abnormally low tumor marker concentrations are associated with antigen deficiency and can cause false negative results

A

FALSE

Chem I (14 decks)

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