Exam 2 ref ranges and equations

Question 1

Category, visual, viscosity, mucin clot of Group 1 Synovial Fluid

Answer 1

Noninflammatory

Yellow and slightly cloudy

Decreased viscosity

Fair clot

Question 1

Category, visual, viscosity, mucin clot of Group 0 Synovial Fluid

Answer 1

Normal

Colorless - straw

High viscosity

Good clot

Question 2

Category, visual, viscosity, mucin clot of Group 2 Synovial Fluid

Answer 2

Infalmmatory

White, gray, yellow, cloudy, turbid

Absent viscosity

poor clot

Question 3

Category, visual, viscosity, mucin clot of Group 3 Synovial Fluid

Answer 3

Septic

white, gray, yellow, green, cloudy, purulent

Absent viscosity

poor clot

Question 4

Category, visual, viscosity, mucin clot of Group 4 Synovial Fluid

Answer 4

Crystal induced

White, cloudy, turbid, opaque, milky

Absent viscosity

poor clot

Question 5

Category, visual, viscosity, mucin clot of Group 5 Synovial Fluid

Answer 5

Hemorrhagic

sanguinous, xanthochromic, red, brown, cloudy

Absent viscosity

poor clot

Question 6

What is the acceptable max for Total cholesterol?

Answer 6

TC must be <190

Question 7

What is the Friedewald calculation?

Answer 7

A method to measure LDL.

LDL-C = TC - HDL - Trig/5

Question 8

What is formula for OSMOLALITY

Answer 8

2(Na) + (glucose/20) + (BUN/3)

Question 9

Reference range of Na

Answer 9

135-145 mmol/L

Question 10

Reference range for potassium in

Serum:

Urine:

Answer 10

Serum: 3.5-5.1 mmol/L

Urine: 33-86 mmol/d

Question 11

Reference range for Cl in the plasma/serum and urine (24 hr)

Answer 11

Plasma/serum = 98 -107 mmol/L

Urine (24hr) = 110 - 250 mmol/d (varies with diet)

Question 12

What makes up total Co2?

Answer 12

Bicarbonate: HCO3​ (80%)

Carbonic Acid: H2CO3​

Dissolved CO2

Question 13

What is the anion gap

Answer 13

The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations

(Na + K) - (Cl - HCO3)

Question 14

Reference range for anion gap

Answer 14

10-20 mmol/L

Question 15

What is the pH range in the human body?

Answer 15

7.35-7.45 (7.4 is equil)

Question 16

What is the most acidic pH your urine can be?

Answer 16

pH = 4.6

Question 17

What is the percentage of oxygen and nitrogen in blood gas?

Answer 17

20% O2

78% Nitrogen

Question 18

Reference range for HbA1C

Answer 18

3-6% total Hgb

HbA1c = 80% total glycohemoglobin​

Question 19

HbA1C equation

Answer 19

A1C(%) = (Estimated average glucose(mg/dL) +46.7) / 28.7.