Exam 3 Study Guide

Question 1

What is the major function of the lymphatic system?

Answer 1

returns interstitial fluids and plasma that leaked from blood vessels back to blood

Question 2

How does the lymph move through the lymphatic system?

Answer 2

Fluid built up pushes on the flaplike minivalve; one way passive transport system, lymph flows toward the heart

Question 3

What are the MALT, and why are they important?

Answer 3

MALT: Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue
-they are lymphoid tissues in mucous membranes throughout the body
-largest collection of MALT in tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and appendix

Question 4

During inspiration, the lungs get larger and pressure

Answer 4

goes down
-greater pressure outside forces air into lungs

Question 5

During expiration, the lungs get ______, pressure goes ____.

Answer 5

smaller; up

Question 6

What is intrapulmonary pressure(Ppul)

Answer 6

pressure in the alveoli

Question 7

What is the purpose of pulmonary arteries?

Answer 7

deliver systemic venous blood to lungs for oxygenation

Question 8

What is the purpose of pulmonary veins?

Answer 8

carry oxygenated blood from respiratory zones to heart

Question 9

What is the purpose of bronchial arteries?

Answer 9

provide oxygenated blood to lung tissue

Question 10

During inspiration, the diaphragm

Answer 10

pulls muscles down and out

Question 11

As volume decreases, pressure

Answer 11

increases

Question 12

As volume increases, pressure

Answer 12

decreases

Question 13

What is tidal volume?

Answer 13

regular unconscious breathing

Question 14

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

Answer 14

forced inhalation after tidal volume

Question 15

What is expiratory reserve volume?

Answer 15

forced exhalation after breath has already been expired

Question 16

What is a spirometer?

Answer 16

instrument for measuring respiratory volumes and capacities

Question 17

Air and gases always move from areas of _______ pressure to areas of _______ pressure.

Answer 17

higher; low

Question 18

What is the stimulant that changes how fast we are breathing?

Answer 18

CO2

Question 19

What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)?

Answer 19

something preventing O2 from going to alveoli

Question 20

Dyspnea is

Answer 20

labored breathing

Question 21

What are the six essential functions in the digestive system?

Answer 21

1. ingestion
2. propulsion
3. mechanical breakdown
4. digestion
5. absorption
6. defecation

Question 22

When does the digestive process begin?

Answer 22

as soon as you bite into food

Question 23

Describe mechanical breakdown

Answer 23

chewing

Question 24

What is deglutition?

Answer 24

swallowing

Question 25

What is propulsion?

Answer 25

pushing food down; peristalsis

Question 26

What is the main concern of the digestive process?

Answer 26

move food from GI tract into the bloodstream

Question 27

What is the difference between peristalsis and segmentation?

Answer 27

Peristalsis moves food in one direction, while segmentation moves food back and forth to mix it

Question 28

Where does absorption occur?

Answer 28

in the small intestine

Question 29

What is the peritoneum?

Answer 29

serous membrane of the abdominal cavity -composed of the visceral and parietal peritoneum

Question 30

What is the visceral peritoneum?

Answer 30

on external surface of most digestive organs

Question 31

What is the parietal peritoneum?

Answer 31

lines body wall

Question 32

What is the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 32

space between two peritoneums -has fluid that lubricates mobile organs

Question 33

Trypsin breaks down _______, and is activated in the _________ of the _____ ________.

Answer 33

protein; duodenum; small intestine

Question 34

Pepsin breaks down ____ ___ _____, and kills ______.

Answer 34

plant cell walls; bacteria

Question 35

Hydrochloric acid activates _____.

Answer 35

pepsin

Question 36

What does saliva do?

Answer 36

breaks down carbohydrates and lipids

Question 37

What does the stomach do?

Answer 37

breaks down protein(pepsin, HCl) and absorbs alcohol and aspirin

Question 38

What does the small intestine do?

Answer 38

breaks down lipids, proteins, carbs; absorbs lipids, proteins, carbs, water, electrolytes, and vitamins

Question 39

Why are the villi and microvilli(brush border) important?

Answer 39

they contain enzymes for carbohydrate and protein digestion, nutrient transport, barrier for internal mucosa

Question 40

What is the purpose of the large intestine?

Answer 40

absorbs a little water, vitamins

Question 41

What happens in appendicitis?

Answer 41

inflammation of appendix; can rupture

Question 42

Where does absorption mainly take place?

Answer 42

the small intestine

Question 43

Is food absorbed in the stomach?

Answer 43

no, small intestine