Exam 3-Unit 5/6 Flashcards
(137 cards)
1
Q
What does the brachial plexus supply?
A
Upper extremities
2
Q
What nerves form the brachial plexus?
A
anterior primary rami of C5 through T1
*May also receive some fibers from C4 and/or T2
3
Q
The brachial plexus travels over ________, into the _______.
A
rib 1; axilla
4
Q
T or F: The brachial plexus travels from lateral to medial.
A
False. Medial to lateral
5
Q
Roots combine into ______.
A
trunks
6
Q
Trunks _____ into divisions.
A
divide
7
Q
divisions_______ to form ______.
A
combine; cords
8
Q
Where does each root get its infromation?
A
It receives a gray ramus communicans from the sympathetic trunk
9
Q
Roots pass between what muscles?
A
Anterior and middle scalene
10
Q
What anatomical triangle do roots go through?
A
The posterior triangle
11
Q
Where are roots in relation to the subclavian artery?
A
posterior and superior
12
Q
Roots of C5 and C6 combine ti form what trunk?
A
Superior trunk
13
Q
The root of C7 becomes what trunk?
A
Middle trunk
14
Q
What roots form the inferior trunk?
A
Roots of C8 and T1
15
Q
Where do trunks travel?
A
They pass over rib 1 into the axilla
16
Q
Divisions supply what?
A
The compartments of the arm and forearm
17
Q
Each trunk splits into what?
A
An anterior and posterior divisions
18
Q
Anterior divisions supply what?
A
Anterior compartments of the arm and forearm
19
Q
Posterior divisions supply what?
A
Posterior compartments of the arm and forearm
20
Q
How are cords named?
A
For their relationship to the axillary artery
21
Q
What forms the lateral cord?
A
anterior division of the superior and middle trunk
22
Q
The lateral cord contains fibers from where?
A
C5, C6, and C7
23
Q
Where does the lateral cord lie in relation to the axillary artery?
A
lateral to the 2nd part of axillary artery
24
Q
The medial cord is formed by what division?
A
The anterior division of the interior trunk
25
The medial cord contains fibers from where?
C8 and T1
26
Where does the medial cord lie in relationship to the axillary artery?
medial to the 2nd part of the axillary artery
27
What divisions form the posterior cord?
The posterior division of all 3 trunks
28
The posterior cord contains fibers from where?
C5, C6, C7, C8, T1
29
What are the nerves formed by roots of the brachial plexus?
Dorsal Scapular nerve and long thoracic nerve
30
What root does the dorsal scapular nerve branch from?
C5 root
31
The dorsal scapular nerve contains fibers from where?
C5 only
32
What muscles does the dorsal scapular nerve supply?
Levator Scapula
Rhomboid major
Rhomboid minor
33
The dorsal scapular nerve supplies the levator scapula but this muscle also receives fibers from where?
C3 and C4
34
What roots form the long thoracic nerve?
C5, C6, and C7 roots
35
The long thoracic nerve contains fibers from where?
C5, C6, and C7
36
What muscle does the long thoracic nerve supply?
Serratus anterior
37
What nerves branch off the superior trunk of the brachial plexus?
Suprascapular nerve
Nerve to the subclavius
38
The suprascapular nerve contains fibers from where?
C5 and C6
39
The suprascapular nerve supplies what two muscles?
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
40
The nerve to the subclavius contains fibers from where?
C5 and C6
41
The nerve to subclavius supplies what muscle?
Subclavius
42
What nerves branch from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?
Lateral pectoral nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
43
The lateral pectoral nerve contains fibers from where?
C5, C6, C7
44
The lateral pectoral nerve supples what muscle?
Pectoralis major
45
What other nerve supplies the pectoralis major?
Medial pectoral nerve
46
The musculocutaneous contains fibers from where?
C5, C6, and C7
47
What muscles does the musculocutaneou nerve supply?
Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
48
What muscle belly does the musculocutaneous nerve pierce?
coracobrachialis
49
What nerve travels between biceps brachii into the forearm to become the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm?
The musculocutaneous nerve
50
The lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm supplies what?
The skin over the lateral aspect of the forearm but NOT the hand.
51
What nerves branch off the medial cord of the brachial plexus?
Medial pectoral nerve
Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
Medial Cutaneous Nerve of the forearm
Ulnar nerve
Median nerve
52
The medial pectoral nerve contains fibers from where?
C8 and T1
53
What muscles does the medial pectoral nerve supply?
Pectoralis major
pectoralis minor
54
The medial cutaneous nerve of the arm contains fibers from where?
C8 and T1
55
The medial cutaneous nerve supplies what?
The skin of the medial arm between axilla and elbow
56
The medial cutaneous nerve recieves some fibers from T2. How?
Through a communication with the intercostobrachial nerve
57
The medial cutanoeous nerve of the forearm contains fibers from where?
C8 and T1
58
Where does the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm leave the medial cord?
Distal to the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
59
What does the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm supply?
skin over biceps brachii
skin over anterior and medial aspects of forearm proximal to wrist
60
The ulnar nerve contains fibers from where?
C8, T1 and sometime C7
61
Where does the ulnar nerve travel?
medial to the brachial artery, in the medial bicipital sulcus
62
T or F: The ulnar nerve gives off no branches in the arm?
True
63
When is the ulnar nerve easily palpated?
Hint* Funny bone
When it crosses the elbow on the posterior side of the medial epicondyle in the sulcus for the ulnar nerve.
64
The ulnar nerve continues into the forearm where?
Between the two heads of flexor carpi ulnaris
65
What 2 forearm muscles does the ulnar nerve supply?
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum profundus (medial half)
66
What are the 2 sensory branches of the ulnar nerve in the forearm?
Dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve
palmar branch of the ulnar nerve
67
The dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve supplies what?
skin on the ulnar side of the posterior hand
68
The palmar branch of the ulnar nerve supplies what?
The skin over the hypothenar eminence
69
Where does the ulnar travel after giving off the dorsal branch and palmar branch?
It travels deep to flexor carpi ulnaris to the wrist, passes superficial to the flexor carpi retinaculum and divides into 2 branches.
70
What are the 2 nerves the ulnar nerve gives off at the wrist?
Superficial
Deep
71
What branch of the ulnar nerve divides into 3 terminal branches?
Superficial
72
What does the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve supply?
Palmar aspect of the pinky and medial half of the ring finger.
73
What does the ddep branch of the ulnar nerve supply?
Hint* there is 7
Abductor digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi brevis
opponens digiti minimi
Adductor pollicis
deep head of the flexor pollicis brevis
All interossi (dorsal and palmar)
Lumbricals 3 and 4
74
What is a clinical consideration of the ulnar nerve?
Claw hand
75
The median nerve contains contributions from which 2 cords?
Lateral cord
Medial cord
76
The median nerve contains fibers from where?
C6, C7, C8, and T1
77
The median nerve travels through the arm in what?
The medial bicipital sulcus
78
Does the median nerve give off any branches in the arm?
No
79
How does the median nerve enter the forearm?
It crosses the elbow on the anterior side and enters the forearm passing between the 2 heads of the pronator teres
80
Does the median nerve and the ulnar nerve cross the elbow the same way?
No. The Ulnar nerve passes posteriorly. The median nerve passes anteriorly.
81
How many muscles does the median nerve innervate?
7
82
What muscles does the median nerve innervate?
pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor digitorum superficialis
pronator quadratus
flexor pollicis longus
lateral bellies of flexor digitorum profundus
83
What branch of the median nerve innervates deep forearm muscles?
Pronator quadratus
flexor pollicis longus
lat bellies of flexor digitorum profundus
Anterior interosseous nerve of the forearm
84
Where is the palmar branch of the median nerve given off?
Distal 3rd of the forearm
85
What does the palmar branch of the median nerve supply?
The skin of the thenar eminence, lateral wrist, and palm
86
T or F: The median nerve passes through the carpal tunnel?
True
87
T or F: The ulnar nerve passes through the carpal tunnel
False
88
What happens when the median nerve passes through the carpal tunnel?
It divides inot 3 common palmar digital nerves
89
What do the common palmar digital nerve supply?
1st 2 lumbrical muscles
90
What supplies the thumb muscles? (Abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis)
branches off the 1st common palmar digital nerve
91
Each of the common palmar digital nerves split into what?
2 proper palmar digital nerves
92
T or F: The proper palmar digital nerves have sensory function only?
True
93
What do the proper palmar digital nerves supply?
SKin over lateral 3.5 digits anteriorly and lateral 2.5 posteriorly
94
Where does the median nerve cummincate with the ulnar nerve?
The wrist
95
What else does the median nerve supply?
Periosteum, elbow, radiocarpal, and midcarpal joints
96
What are the 3 clinical considerations of the median nerve?
Hand of Oath/Benediction
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Unable to Pronate
97
What is Hand of Oath/Benediction?
damage to flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis
98
What does Hand of Oath effect?
Extension of digits 1-3 and flexion of digits 4 and 5
99
What symptoms are felt with carpal tunnel syndrome?
Numbness and tingling
fingers 2-4= median nerve
all fingers= ulnar and median nerve
100
Why would damage to the median nerve take away the ability to pronate?
Because the median nerve innervates pronator teres
101
What nerves branch off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?
Superior Scapular nerve
Thoracodorsal Nerve
Inferior Subscapular nerve
Axillary nevre
radial nerve
102
The superior scapular nerve contains fibers from where?
C5 and C6
103
The superior subscapular nerve supplies what muscle?
Subscapularis *rotator cuff muscle
104
The thoracodorsal nerve contains fiber from where?
C6, C7, C8
105
Where does the thoracodorsal nerve travel?
Alon the posterior axillary wall
106
What does the thoracodorsal nerve supply?
latissimus dorsi
107
The inferior subscapular nerve contains fiber from where?
C5 and C6
108
What muscles does the inferior subscapular nerve supply?
Subscapularis *rotator cuff muscle
teres major *not a rotator cuff
109
The axillary nerve contains fibers from where?
C5 and C6
110
Where does the axillary nerve travel?
Posteriorly around the surgical neck of the humerus
111
What muscles do the axillary nerve supply?
Deltoid
Teres minor *rotator cuff muscle
112
What branch of the axillary nerve supplies the skin over the lateral shoulder and upper arm?
Superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm
113
What is the largest branch from the posterior cord?
Radial nerve
114
The radial nerve contains fibers from where?
C5, C6, C7, C8, and sometimes T1
115
What muscles does the radial nerve supply?
All muscles in the posterior compartment of arm and forearm
116
What branches of the radial nerve branches in the upper arm?
Posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm
Posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm
117
What supplies the skin on the posterior side of the upper arm?
Posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm
118
What branch of the radial nerve branches in the middle arm?
Inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm
119
The inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm and the posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm supply what muscles?
triceps brachii (all 3 heads)
anconeus
Brachialis
120
What does the posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm supply?
The skin on the lateral side of the posterior forearm
121
Branches of the radial nerve given off at the level of the lateral epicondyle supply what muscles?
Brachioradialis
extensor carpi radialis longus
122
Does the radial nerve pass down into the forearm anteriorly or posteriorly?
Anteriorly
123
When the radial nerve enters the forearm and divides into 2 branches. What are they?
Superficial
Deep
124
What muscle does the superficial branch follow to the distal 1/3 of the forearm?
Brachioradialis
125
The superficial branch of the radial nerve gives rise to what?
Dorsal digital nerves
126
Dorsal digital nerves are the sensory supply where?
-radial side of posterior hand
-extenxor side of thumb
-extensor side of the proximal
-phalanges of digits 2 and 3
-lateral half of the extensor side of ring finger
127
The ddep branch of the radial nerve penetrates what muscle?
Supinator
128
The deep branch of the radial branch gives off what?
Posterior interosseous nerves
129
The posterior interosseous muscles supply what muscles?
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
supinator
extensor digitorum
extensor digiti minimi
extensor carpi ulnaris
abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus
extensor indicis
130
Where does the radial nerve send articular branches?
shoulder and wrist
131
What are the 2 clinical considerations for radial nerve?
Wrist drop
Triceps and brachioradialis reflexes
132
What is a supraclavicular clinical consideration of the brachial plexus?
Erb-Duchenne
133
What is Erb-Duchenne?
A traction injury that pulls the shoulder down. Effects C5 and C^.
134
What nerves are affected by Erb-Duchenne?
Suprascapular nerve
musculocutaneous nerve
axillary nerve
135
What pathology results in a "waiter's tip" posture?
Erb-Duchenne
136
What is an infraclavicular clinical consideration of the brachial plexus?
Klumpke aka Dejurine
137
What cord levels are affected by Klumpke?
C8 and T1
