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Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

The Central Nervous System consists of what?

A

Brain
Spinal cord

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2
Q

The Peripheral nervous system consists of what?

A

Cranial Nerves
Spinal Nerves

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3
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12 pairs. 24 total.

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4
Q

The cranial nerves nucleus of origin is motor function or sensory function?

A

motor function

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5
Q

The cranial nerves nucleus of termination is motor function or sensory function?

A

sensory function

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6
Q

Cranial nerves exit the skull via ______ openings.

A

Patent

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7
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31 pairs. 62 nerves total.

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8
Q

How are spinal nerves attached to the spinal cord?

A

ventral/anterior rootlets
dorsal/posterior rootlets

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9
Q

Dorsal roots contain dorsal root _______.

A

ganglions

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10
Q

Each spinal nerve splits into a what?

A

Ventral/anterior primary ramus
Dorsal/posterior primary ramus
*Remember these are at the opposite end of the ventral/anterior and dorsal/posterior rootlets. Rootlets connect nerve to spinal cord!

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11
Q

What are the 2 FUNCTIONAL subdivisions of the nervous system?

A

Somatic
Visceral

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12
Q

How many nerves go from CNS to PNS to relay somatic information?

A

1 nerve

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the visceral (autonomic) system?

A

Control vital body functions

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14
Q

How many nerves go from CNS to PNS to relay visceral information?

A

2 nerves- preganglionic + postganglionic

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15
Q

The visceral (autonomic) system is divided into 2 more groups. What are they?

A

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

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16
Q

Sympathetic division of the visceral (autonomic) system deals with what cord levels?

A

T1-L2/3ish

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17
Q

Sympathetic division of the visceral (autonomic) system is cholinergic or adenergic?

A

Adenergic

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18
Q

What makes the sympathetic division of the visceral (autonomic) system adrenergic?

A

Norepinephrine is released by the postganglionic neuron. Therefore the muscle is receiving norepinephrine. When the muscle is receiving norepinephrine, we know the neuron is adrenergic.

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19
Q

What neurotransmitter is released by the preganglionic neuron of the sympathetic division?

A

Ach

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20
Q

Splanchnic nerves are always preganglionic or postganglionic?

A

preganglionic regardless of parasympathetic or sympathetic.

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21
Q

Sympathetic is which of the following?
1. rest and digest
2. fight or flight

A

fight or flight

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22
Q

Parasympathetic division of the visceral (autonomic) system consists of what?

A

C.N 3, 7, 9, 10
S2, S3, S4

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23
Q

T or F: Parasympathetic division supplies the same organs as sympathetic but has fewer blood vessels with it?

A

true

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24
Q

How many neurons does it take to reach the target in the parasympathetic division?

A

2 - preganglionic + postganglionic

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25
What neurotransmitter does the preganglionic nerve of the parasympathetic division release?
Ach
26
What neurotransmitter does the postganglionic nerve of the parasympathetic division release?
Ach
27
The parasympathetic division of the visceral(autonomic) system is adrenergic or cholinergic?
Cholinergic
28
What makes the parasympathetic division of the visceral (autonomic) system cholinergic?
The postganglionic nerve is releasing Ach meaning that Ach is the neurotransmitter that the muscle is receiving. When the muscle is receiving Ach, the neuron is cholinergic
29
What is C.N I?
Olfactory
30
Fibers of the olfactory nerve travel through ________.
Cribiform plate
31
Olfactory nerve fibers synapse where?
Olfactory bulb
32
Does the olfactory pathway go through the thalamus?
No
33
What is C.N II?
Optic nerve
34
Where do optic nerve fibers synapse?
lateral geniculate bodies
35
Fibers from the ________ converge on the ______ ______ and carried in the optic nerve, chiasma, and tract.
retina; optic disc
36
Is the olfactory nerve special sensory?
Yes. Smell.
37
Is the optic nerve special sensory?
Yes. Vision
38
What is C.N III?
Oculomotor
39
Is the occulomotor nerve special sensory?
No goofy! OculoMOTOR. Motor control; somatic and parasympathetic
40
The occulomotor nerve supplies how many extraoccular motor eye muscles?
4/6
41
The occulomotor nerve supplies __ somatic muscles and __ visceral muscles.
5 somatic 2 visceral
42
What is C.N 4?
Trochlear Nerve
43
Is C.N IV motor or sensory?
Somatic motor
44
What muscle does the trochlear nerve supply motor control to?
Superior Oblique
45
Whart does the superior oblique eye muscle do?
Move eye down and out
46
What is C.N V?
Trigeminal
47
What is the largest C.N?
C.N V aka Trigeminal nerve
48
What is the trigeminal nerve known as? (Not C.N V)
great sensory nerve of the face
49
Is the trigeminal nerve motor or sensory?
both somatic motor and sensory
50
What nerve supplies motor function to the muscles of mastication?
C.N V aka Trigeminal nerve
51
What is C.N VI?
Abducens nerve
52
Is the abducens nerve somatic motor or sensory?
somatic motor
53
The abducens nerve supples what muscle?
Lateral rectus
54
What does the lateral rectus do?
abduct eye
55
What are the only 2 nerves to supply extraoccular eye muscles?
C.N. III (Occulomotor) C.N. VI (Abducens)
56
What is C.N. VII?
Facial Nerve
57
Is the facial nerve motor or sensory?
Motor; somatic and parasympathetic Sensory; Somatic and special
58
What known as the "Nerve of Facial Expression"
C.N VII (Facial Nerve)
59
What is the sense that facial nerve carries info from?
Taste. From anterior 2/3 of tongue
60
The facial nerve supples muscles of a. mastication b. facial expression
facial expression. This includes stylohyoid and stapedius.
61
What glands are supplied by C.N VII?
lacrimal and salivary glands
62
Vestibulocochlear nerve is what C.N?
C.N VIII.
63
Is C.N VIII a special sensory nerve?
Yes. Equilibrium and hearing
64
The vestibulocochlear nerve carries sensory information from where?
Cochlea and vestibule
65
What 2 nerves carry taste information from the tongue?
C.N VII (Facial Nerve)- Ant 2/3 C.N IX (Glossopharyngeal nerve)- post 1/3
66
Is C.N IX motor or sensory?
both. Motor; branchiomotor and parasympathetic Snesory: Somatic, special, and visceral
67
Glossopharyngeal nerve carries taste from what part of the tongue?
posterior 1/3
68
C.N. IX is the motor supply to what muscle?
stylopharyngeus
69
Glossopharyngeal nerve is the parasympathetic supply to what?
Parotid Gland
70
The Vagus nerve is also known as? ( Not C.N .X)
The Wanderer
71
What is the longest of the cranial nerve?
Vagus
72
Is the Vagus nerve motor or sensory?
Both. Motor: branchiomotor and parasympathetic Sensory: Somatic, special, and visceral
73
The Vagus nerve is the motor supply of what muscles?
Pharyngeal constrictors
74
C.N. X is the parasympthateric supply what?
Bronchi, heart, GI ( from esophagus to distal 1/3 of transverse colon)
75
What is C.N XI?
Spinal Accessory
76
Is C.N. XI motor or sensory?
Motor
77
What is different about the Spinal Accessory nerve?
It contains a cranial and spinal root and eventually meets up with the vagus nerve.
78
What does the cranial part of the spinal accessory nerve supply motor function to?
pharynx, larynx, and palate
79
The spinal part of the spinal accessory nerve supplies what?
Trapezius and SCM muscles
80
What is C.N. XII?
Hypoglossal nerve
81
Is the hypoglossal nerve motor or sensory?
Motor
82
The hypoglossal nerve is the motor supply to what?
Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue except Palatoglossus.
83
C.N. I exits the skull where?
Cribiform plate of ethmoid bone
84
C.N. II exits the skull where?
Optic canal
85
What nerves exit the skull through the superior orbital fissure?
C. N. III (occulomotor) C.N. IV (Trochlear) Division 1 of trigeminal nerve C.N. VI (Abducens)
86
The 2nd division of the trigeminal nerve exits the skull where?
Foramen rotundem
87
The 3rd division of the trigeminal nerve exits the skull where?
Foramen Ovale
88
What nerves exit the skull through the Internal accoustic meatus?
C.N. VII ( Facial C.N VIII (Vestibulocochlear)
89
What nerves exit the skull through the jugular foramen?
C.N. IX (Glossopharyngeal) C.N X (Vagus) C.N XI (Spinal Accessory)
90
What nerve exits the skull through the hypoglossal canal?
C.N. XII (hypoglossal)
91
What are the 2 neurons used in a somatic motor pathway?
Upper motor neuron (Pyramidal and extrapyramidal) Lower motor neuron
92
Where do upper motor neurons synapse?
Rexed lamina VII of grey matter
93
Are there any upper motor neurons in the PNS?
NO. Brain to spinal cord
94
Lower motor neurons leave the cord (CNS) where?
Anterior/ventral rootlets
95
Where are lower motor neurons carried?
Named nerves
96
Somatic muscles = _______ ________
skeletal muscles
97
Lower motor neurons are associated with what rexed lamina?
7 and 9. 9 MC
98
The somatic sensory pathway includes 3 nerves. Where does the primary (1st order) neuron synapse?
DRG
99
The somatic sensory pathway includes 3 nerves. Where does the secondary (2nd order) neuron synapse?
Thalamus
100
The somatic sensory pathway includes 3 nerves. Where does the tertiary (3rd order) neuron synapse?
higher brain centers/cerebral cortex excepts for special senses
101
Expalain the somatic sensory neuron pathway
cell body in PNS enters CNS and synapses in same side DRG (1st order), then crosses over from DRG to thalamus (2nd order) then goes from thalamus to cerebral cortex (3rd order)
102
Can vertebral subluxations pinch upper motor neurons?
No. They do not go through vertebral foramina

PNS (5 decks)

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