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PNS > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The Central Nervous System consists of what?

A

Brain
Spinal cord

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2
Q

The Peripheral nervous system consists of what?

A

Cranial Nerves
Spinal Nerves

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3
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12 pairs. 24 total.

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4
Q

The cranial nerves nucleus of origin is motor function or sensory function?

A

motor function

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5
Q

The cranial nerves nucleus of termination is motor function or sensory function?

A

sensory function

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6
Q

Cranial nerves exit the skull via ______ openings.

A

Patent

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7
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31 pairs. 62 nerves total.

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8
Q

How are spinal nerves attached to the spinal cord?

A

ventral/anterior rootlets
dorsal/posterior rootlets

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9
Q

Dorsal roots contain dorsal root _______.

A

ganglions

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10
Q

Each spinal nerve splits into a what?

A

Ventral/anterior primary ramus
Dorsal/posterior primary ramus
*Remember these are at the opposite end of the ventral/anterior and dorsal/posterior rootlets. Rootlets connect nerve to spinal cord!

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11
Q

What are the 2 FUNCTIONAL subdivisions of the nervous system?

A

Somatic
Visceral

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12
Q

How many nerves go from CNS to PNS to relay somatic information?

A

1 nerve

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the visceral (autonomic) system?

A

Control vital body functions

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14
Q

How many nerves go from CNS to PNS to relay visceral information?

A

2 nerves- preganglionic + postganglionic

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15
Q

The visceral (autonomic) system is divided into 2 more groups. What are they?

A

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

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16
Q

Sympathetic division of the visceral (autonomic) system deals with what cord levels?

A

T1-L2/3ish

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17
Q

Sympathetic division of the visceral (autonomic) system is cholinergic or adenergic?

A

Adenergic

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18
Q

What makes the sympathetic division of the visceral (autonomic) system adrenergic?

A

Norepinephrine is released by the postganglionic neuron. Therefore the muscle is receiving norepinephrine. When the muscle is receiving norepinephrine, we know the neuron is adrenergic.

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19
Q

What neurotransmitter is released by the preganglionic neuron of the sympathetic division?

A

Ach

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20
Q

Splanchnic nerves are always preganglionic or postganglionic?

A

preganglionic regardless of parasympathetic or sympathetic.

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21
Q

Sympathetic is which of the following?
1. rest and digest
2. fight or flight

A

fight or flight

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22
Q

Parasympathetic division of the visceral (autonomic) system consists of what?

A

C.N 3, 7, 9, 10
S2, S3, S4

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23
Q

T or F: Parasympathetic division supplies the same organs as sympathetic but has fewer blood vessels with it?

A

true

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24
Q

How many neurons does it take to reach the target in the parasympathetic division?

A

2 - preganglionic + postganglionic

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25
Q

What neurotransmitter does the preganglionic nerve of the parasympathetic division release?

A

Ach

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26
Q

What neurotransmitter does the postganglionic nerve of the parasympathetic division release?

A

Ach

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27
Q

The parasympathetic division of the visceral(autonomic) system is adrenergic or cholinergic?

A

Cholinergic

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28
Q

What makes the parasympathetic division of the visceral (autonomic) system cholinergic?

A

The postganglionic nerve is releasing Ach meaning that Ach is the neurotransmitter that the muscle is receiving. When the muscle is receiving Ach, the neuron is cholinergic

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29
Q

What is C.N I?

A

Olfactory

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30
Q

Fibers of the olfactory nerve travel through ________.

A

Cribiform plate

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31
Q

Olfactory nerve fibers synapse where?

A

Olfactory bulb

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32
Q

Does the olfactory pathway go through the thalamus?

A

No

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33
Q

What is C.N II?

A

Optic nerve

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34
Q

Where do optic nerve fibers synapse?

A

lateral geniculate bodies

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35
Q

Fibers from the ________ converge on the ______ ______ and carried in the optic nerve, chiasma, and tract.

A

retina; optic disc

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36
Q

Is the olfactory nerve special sensory?

A

Yes. Smell.

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37
Q

Is the optic nerve special sensory?

A

Yes. Vision

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38
Q

What is C.N III?

A

Oculomotor

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39
Q

Is the occulomotor nerve special sensory?

A

No goofy! OculoMOTOR. Motor control; somatic and parasympathetic

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40
Q

The occulomotor nerve supplies how many extraoccular motor eye muscles?

A

4/6

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41
Q

The occulomotor nerve supplies __ somatic muscles and __ visceral muscles.

A

5 somatic
2 visceral

42
Q

What is C.N 4?

A

Trochlear Nerve

43
Q

Is C.N IV motor or sensory?

A

Somatic motor

44
Q

What muscle does the trochlear nerve supply motor control to?

A

Superior Oblique

45
Q

Whart does the superior oblique eye muscle do?

A

Move eye down and out

46
Q

What is C.N V?

A

Trigeminal

47
Q

What is the largest C.N?

A

C.N V aka Trigeminal nerve

48
Q

What is the trigeminal nerve known as? (Not C.N V)

A

great sensory nerve of the face

49
Q

Is the trigeminal nerve motor or sensory?

A

both somatic motor and sensory

50
Q

What nerve supplies motor function to the muscles of mastication?

A

C.N V aka Trigeminal nerve

51
Q

What is C.N VI?

A

Abducens nerve

52
Q

Is the abducens nerve somatic motor or sensory?

A

somatic motor

53
Q

The abducens nerve supples what muscle?

A

Lateral rectus

54
Q

What does the lateral rectus do?

A

abduct eye

55
Q

What are the only 2 nerves to supply extraoccular eye muscles?

A

C.N. III (Occulomotor)
C.N. VI (Abducens)

56
Q

What is C.N. VII?

A

Facial Nerve

57
Q

Is the facial nerve motor or sensory?

A

Motor; somatic and parasympathetic
Sensory; Somatic and special

58
Q

What known as the “Nerve of Facial Expression”

A

C.N VII (Facial Nerve)

59
Q

What is the sense that facial nerve carries info from?

A

Taste. From anterior 2/3 of tongue

60
Q

The facial nerve supples muscles of
a. mastication
b. facial expression

A

facial expression. This includes stylohyoid and stapedius.

61
Q

What glands are supplied by C.N VII?

A

lacrimal and salivary glands

62
Q

Vestibulocochlear nerve is what C.N?

A

C.N VIII.

63
Q

Is C.N VIII a special sensory nerve?

A

Yes. Equilibrium and hearing

64
Q

The vestibulocochlear nerve carries sensory information from where?

A

Cochlea and vestibule

65
Q

What 2 nerves carry taste information from the tongue?

A

C.N VII (Facial Nerve)- Ant 2/3
C.N IX (Glossopharyngeal nerve)- post 1/3

66
Q

Is C.N IX motor or sensory?

A

both.
Motor; branchiomotor and parasympathetic
Snesory: Somatic, special, and visceral

67
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve carries taste from what part of the tongue?

A

posterior 1/3

68
Q

C.N. IX is the motor supply to what muscle?

A

stylopharyngeus

69
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve is the parasympathetic supply to what?

A

Parotid Gland

70
Q

The Vagus nerve is also known as? ( Not C.N .X)

A

The Wanderer

71
Q

What is the longest of the cranial nerve?

A

Vagus

72
Q

Is the Vagus nerve motor or sensory?

A

Both.
Motor: branchiomotor and parasympathetic
Sensory: Somatic, special, and visceral

73
Q

The Vagus nerve is the motor supply of what muscles?

A

Pharyngeal constrictors

74
Q

C.N. X is the parasympthateric supply what?

A

Bronchi, heart, GI ( from esophagus to distal 1/3 of transverse colon)

75
Q

What is C.N XI?

A

Spinal Accessory

76
Q

Is C.N. XI motor or sensory?

A

Motor

77
Q

What is different about the Spinal Accessory nerve?

A

It contains a cranial and spinal root and eventually meets up with the vagus nerve.

78
Q

What does the cranial part of the spinal accessory nerve supply motor function to?

A

pharynx, larynx, and palate

79
Q

The spinal part of the spinal accessory nerve supplies what?

A

Trapezius and SCM muscles

80
Q

What is C.N. XII?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

81
Q

Is the hypoglossal nerve motor or sensory?

A

Motor

82
Q

The hypoglossal nerve is the motor supply to what?

A

Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue except Palatoglossus.

83
Q

C.N. I exits the skull where?

A

Cribiform plate of ethmoid bone

84
Q

C.N. II exits the skull where?

A

Optic canal

85
Q

What nerves exit the skull through the superior orbital fissure?

A

C. N. III (occulomotor)
C.N. IV (Trochlear)
Division 1 of trigeminal nerve
C.N. VI (Abducens)

86
Q

The 2nd division of the trigeminal nerve exits the skull where?

A

Foramen rotundem

87
Q

The 3rd division of the trigeminal nerve exits the skull where?

A

Foramen Ovale

88
Q

What nerves exit the skull through the Internal accoustic meatus?

A

C.N. VII ( Facial
C.N VIII (Vestibulocochlear)

89
Q

What nerves exit the skull through the jugular foramen?

A

C.N. IX (Glossopharyngeal)
C.N X (Vagus)
C.N XI (Spinal Accessory)

90
Q

What nerve exits the skull through the hypoglossal canal?

A

C.N. XII (hypoglossal)

91
Q

What are the 2 neurons used in a somatic motor pathway?

A

Upper motor neuron (Pyramidal and extrapyramidal)
Lower motor neuron

92
Q

Where do upper motor neurons synapse?

A

Rexed lamina VII of grey matter

93
Q

Are there any upper motor neurons in the PNS?

A

NO. Brain to spinal cord

94
Q

Lower motor neurons leave the cord (CNS) where?

A

Anterior/ventral rootlets

95
Q

Where are lower motor neurons carried?

A

Named nerves

96
Q

Somatic muscles = _______ ________

A

skeletal muscles

97
Q

Lower motor neurons are associated with what rexed lamina?

A

7 and 9. 9 MC

98
Q

The somatic sensory pathway includes 3 nerves. Where does the primary (1st order) neuron synapse?

A

DRG

99
Q

The somatic sensory pathway includes 3 nerves. Where does the secondary (2nd order) neuron synapse?

A

Thalamus

100
Q

The somatic sensory pathway includes 3 nerves. Where does the tertiary (3rd order) neuron synapse?

A

higher brain centers/cerebral cortex excepts for special senses

101
Q

Expalain the somatic sensory neuron pathway

A

cell body in PNS enters CNS and synapses in same side DRG (1st order), then crosses over from DRG to thalamus (2nd order) then goes from thalamus to cerebral cortex (3rd order)

102
Q

Can vertebral subluxations pinch upper motor neurons?

A

No. They do not go through vertebral foramina

PNS (6 decks)

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