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IMMUNO > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are responsible for the late phase reactions in type I

A

cytokines releases from mast cells

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2
Q

anaphylaxis

A

an acute, hypersensitive allergic reaction to an antigen

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3
Q

which cytokines cause class switching to IgE

A

IL-4 and IL-13

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4
Q

intradermal tuberculin reaction

A

intradermal reaction to injected tuberculin proteins, looks or area of induration within 72 hrs

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5
Q

AIRE

A

autoimmune regulator, a transcription factor that facilitates expression of non-thymic proteins to test self-reactivity in the thymus

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6
Q

clonal anergy

A

supression of NFKB or IL-2 when t cells are exposed to antigen in absence of co-stimulation

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7
Q

what is the difference between t cells and b cells

A

b cells do not remain toleration, could reactivate

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8
Q

what is the receptor that mediates negative feeback of antibody production

A

inhibitory B-cell receptor CD32b

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9
Q

Tregs have what special surface receptor

A

FoxP3

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10
Q

tregs in cattle

A

gamma delta T cells

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11
Q

galectin

A

produced by treg cells, induces cell cycle arrest in effector t cells

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12
Q

CTLA4

A

produced by treg cells, induces apoptosis of effector cells

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13
Q

IL-10 effects

A

suppresses DCs and macrophages

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14
Q

TGF-beta effects

A

suppresses adaptive immune system

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15
Q

IDO

A

tryptophan deletion and cell cycle arrest in pro-inflammatory cells, may have a role in fetal tolerance

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16
Q

IL-22r

A

receptor on epithelial cells involved in tissue healing

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17
Q

cryptic antigens

A

antigens previously hidden from the immune system in immune privileged sites

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18
Q

CD233

A

epitope forms on aging RBCs, activates destruction in spleen

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19
Q

rheumatoid factors

A

autoantibodies to other Ig, common when immune complexes are formed

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20
Q

immunoconglutinins

A

autoantibodies to complement, often C2

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21
Q

two examples of failed regulatory control

A

defects in CD95 or AIRE gene, both involved in apoptosis in thymus

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22
Q

microchimerism

A

mother and fetus exchange some cells, may induce autoimmunity

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23
Q

three mechanisms of infection induced AD

A

molecular mimicry, epitope spreading “runaway train”, and bystander activation

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24
Q

pemphigus vulgaris

A

targets desmoglein 3 in deep epidermis

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25
pemphigus foliaceus
targets desmocollin 1 in superficial epidermis
26
bullous pemphigoid
targets type XVII collagen in basement membrane
27
allograft
transplantation of tissue from a member of the same species
28
xenograft
transplantation of tissue from a member of a different species
29
passenger leukocytes
donated WBCs that may migrate out of tissue
30
types of transplant rejection
hyperacute (within 48h), accelerated (within 7d), acute (after 7d), chronic
31
what types of allograft rejection are mediated by antibodies
hyperactute and chronic
32
pathophysiology of MHC incompatibility
t cell response
33
pathophysiology of RBC antigen incompatibility
ab response
34
direct pathway of rejection
recipient T cells enter graft and respond to foreign MHC, leads to vessel destruction
35
indirect pathway
processing of graft antigens by host DCs
36
immune privileged sites
eyes, thymus, testes and brain
37
graft vs host disease (GVHD)
cells from graft attack host, mucosal destruction, liver disease
38
what is the universal canine donor
negative for DEA 1.1, 1.2, 3, 5, 7, positive for DEA 4
39
universal donor in cats
NONE
40
horse ideal donor
negative for Qa and Aa
41
major cross match vs minor
major: recipient serum, donor cells minor: recipient cells, donor serum
42
GVHD in an immunodeficient foal
cell mediated response at 79d
43
which t cells are more important prepartum in the lamb
alpha/beta
44
when do NK cells develop in the piglet
several weeks of age, also limited B cell diversity
45
when can fetal puppies reject allografts
45d
46
when can eggs be vaccinated
18d (marek's, newcastle, coccidiosis)
47
when can opossums make antibodies
7 days
48
which form of BVD causes persistent infection
non-cytopathic (infection between 50-120d
49
mucosal disease with BVD
occurs when PI animal is infected with cytopathic BVD virus
50
why is passive transfer of immunity so important in ruminants, pigs, and horses
no placental antibody transfer
51
cell specific aging changes
neutrophils and macrophages become worse at job, macrophages decrease in number
52
c1s deficiency
no classical complement pathway
53
c2 deficiency
mannose and classical pathways disrupted
54
canine c3 deficiency
no complement activation
55
c7 deficiency
does not form MAC
56
leukocyte adhesion deficiencies
no CD18s or beta chain of LFA, poor extravasation of neutrophils
57
cyclic neutropenia
gray collies, mutation in AP3B1 encoding neutrophil elastase
58
chronic granulomatous disease
inability to produce ROS in phagocytes
59
rag1 and rag2 mutations
patients have no T or B cells, hypomorphic mutations leave no B cells
60
DNA-PK inactivation
ligates DNA breaks in VDJ recombination, no B or T cells
61
common gamma subunit
x-linked SCID disrupts cytokine signaling
62
x-linked agammaglobulinemia
btk mutation means functional b cell receptors cannot be signaled for, apoptosis
63
MHC class I deficiency
mutations in TAP1 and 2, no Tc response
64
CD40L hyper IgM syndrome
no class switching, B cells only create IgM
65
AID deficiency
very little class switching
66
how does malnutrition affect the immune system
impairment of T cell function
67
what is the effect of FIV on immune system
CD4 and CD8 cells killed over time

IMMUNO (5 decks)

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