Exam 4 Flashcards
1
Q
Abdominal cavity
A
Divided into upper and lower part. Upper contains the stomach, lower is the pelvic cavity
2
Q
Abduction
A
The action or an instance of forcibly taking a person or persons away against their will.
3
Q
Adduction
A
Moving it toward the cent if the body
4
Q
Adipose tissue
A
Fatty tissue
5
Q
Afferent Nerves
A
sensory nerves, sends message to the brain
6
Q
Amphiarthrosis
A
Little movement
7
Q
Amount of blood in a human
A
4-6 quarts
8
Q
Anatomic position
A
a standard position of the body: standing erect, facing directly forward, feet pointed forward and slightly apart, and arms hanging down at the sides with palms facing forward
9
Q
Anatomy
A
The study of the structure of an organism
10
Q
Anterior
A
Before or in front
11
Q
Aorta artery
A
Carries blood away from heart, largest artery
12
Q
Aortic valve
A
Flap or cusp located between the left ventricle of the heart and the aorta
13
Q
Apnea
A
Absence of respiration
14
Q
Arachnoid membrane
A
middle layer of the spinal cord
15
Q
Arteries
A
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
16
Q
Arterioles
A
Vessels that connect arteries to capillaries, smallest branch of arteries
17
Q
Axon
A
The usually long process of a nerve fiber that generally conducts impulses away from the body of the nerve cell
18
Q
Basophils
A
any structure, cell, or histologic element staining readily with basic dyes
19
Q
Biceps brachii
A
the long fusiform muscle of the upper arm on the anterior surface of the humerus, arising in two heads from the scapula. It flexes the arm and the forearm and supinates the hand.
20
Q
Bicuspid valve
A
The teeth that pulverize or grind food and are located between cuspids and molars
21
Q
Biology
A
The study of life
22
Q
Bradycardia
A
Slow heart rate, usually below 60 heart beats per minute
23
Q
Buccal cavity
A
Mouth, for the teeth and tongue
24
Q
Capillaries
A
Connect arterioles with venules the smallest veins
25
Cardiac muscle
Forms the walls of the heart and contracts to circulate blood
26
Cardiac sphincter
the valve between the distal end of the esophagus and the stomach; the physiological sphincter at the esophagogastric junction.
27
Carotid artery
either of two major arteries of the neck and head; branches from the aorta.
28
Cataract
partial or total opacity of the crystalline lens of the eye
29
Cellular respirations
the metabolic processes whereby certain organisms obtain energy from organic molecules
30
Centrosomes
a small region near the nucleus in the cell cytoplasm, containing the centrioles.
31
Cerebellum
The part of the brain at the back of the skull in vertebrates. Its function is to coordinate and regulate muscular activity.
32
Cerebrum
the anterior and largest part of the brain, consisting of two halves or hemispheres and serving to control voluntary movements and coordinate mental actions.
33
Cervix of uterus
The cervix (or neck of the uterus) is the lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina.
34
Chromatin
The material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria (i.e., eukaryotes) are composed.
35
Cilla
A short, microscopic, hairlike vibrating structure. Cilia occur in large numbers on the surface of certain cells, example: eyelashes
36
Ciliary body
The part of the eye that connects the iris to the choroid.
37
Circulatory system
The bodily system consisting of the heart, blood vessels, and blood that circulates blood throughout the body, delivers nutrients and other essential materials to cells, and removes waste products. Also called cardiovascular system.
38
Circumduction
a circular movement of a limb or eye.
39
Cirrhosis
A chronic degenerative disease in which normal liver cells are damaged and are then replaced by scar tissue.
40
Clotting proteins
The change, especially of blood, from liquid to solid; clotting.
41
Cochlea
A spiral-shaped cavity of the inner ear that resembles a snail shell and contains nerve endings essential for hearing.
42
Color of blood
Blood red can be a bright red or a dark red. The bright red color of crimson is often considered the color of fresh blood, thus blood red. Blood red may also describe a darker, more maroon shade of red.
43
Conjunctiva
The mucous membrane that covers the front of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids
44
Connective tissues
Tissue that connects, supports, binds, or encloses the structures of the body.
45
Contractility
the capability or quality of shrinking or contracting, especially by muscle fibers and even some other forms of living matter.
46
Contracture
A condition of shortening and hardening of muscles, tendons, or other tissue, often leading to deformity and rigidity of joints.
47
Cornea
The transparent layer forming the front of the eye.
48
Coronal plane
An imaginary plane dividing the body into dorsal and ventral parts.
49
Coronary artery
An artery supplying blood to the heart.
50
Deltoid
a large triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint and serving to abduct and flex and extend and rotate the arm.
51
Cranial cavity
The space or hollow within the skull. Also called intracranial cavity
52
Dendrite
A short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body.
53
Diaphysis
The shaft or central part of a long bone.
54
Diarthrosis
synovial joint: a joint so articulated as to move freely.
55
Diastolic
of or relating to a diastole or happening during a diastole.
56
Diencephalon
The posterior part of the prosencephalon, composed of the epithalamus, the dorsal thalamus, the subthalamus, and the hypothalamus. Also called betweenbrain, interbrain.
57
Digestive system
the system that makes food absorbable into the body.
58
Distal
Situated away from the center of the body or from the point of attachment.
59
Dorsal
of, pertaining to, or situated at the back, or dorsum.
60
Dorsal cavity
The body cavity situated near the back of the human body, and includes the cranial cavity and vertebral cavity.
61
Dura mater
the outermost (and toughest) of the 3 meninges
62
Dyspnea
Difficult or labored breathing.
63
Efferent nerves
(efferent nerve) motor nerve: a nerve that conveys impulses toward or to muscles or glands.
64
Ejaculatory ducts
A canal in the male formed by union of the vas deferens and the duct from the seminal vesicle. The ejaculatory duct passes through the prostate. Semen passes through them at the time of ejaculation.
65
Elasticity
the tendency of a body to return to its original shape after it has been stretched or compressed
66
Embolus
a mass of clotted blood or other material brought by the blood from one vessel and forced into a smaller one, obstructing the circulation
67
Endocrine system
a mass of clotted blood or other material brought by the blood from one vessel and forced into a smaller one, obstructing the circulation
68
Endocrine reticulum
A membrane network within the cytoplasm of cells involved in the synthesis, modification, and transport of cellular materials.
69
Eosinophils
Any of a group of hormones secreted within the brain and nervous system and having a number of physiological functions.
70
Endosteum
vascular membrane that lines the inner surface of long bones.
71
Epididymis
A highly convoluted duct behind the testis, along which sperm passes to the vas deferens.
72
Epilepsy
a disorder of the nervous system, characterized either by mild, episodic loss of attention or sleepiness (petit mal) or by severe convulsions with loss of consciousness (grand mal).
73
Epiphysis
The end part of a long bone, initially growing separately from the shaft.
74
Epithelial tissue
epithelium: membranous tissue covering internal organs and other internal surfaces of the body.
75
Erythrocytes
A cell that contains hemoglobin and can carry oxygen to the body. Also called a red blood cell (RBC)
76
Excitability
excessive sensitivity of an organ or body parts
77
Extension
The act of extending or the condition of being extended
78
External respiration
1. the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the body cells, including ventilation (inhalation and exhalation); diffusion of oxygen from alveoli to blood and of carbon dioxide from blood to alveoli; and transport of oxygen to and carbon dioxide from body cells.
79
Factors influencing BP:
Exercise, nutrition, alcohol, stress, smoking
80
False ribs
One of the last five pairs of ribs. A rib is said to be false if it does not attach to the sternum (the breastbone). The upper three false ribs connect to the costal cartilages of the ribs just above them
81
Fascia
a sheet or band of fibrous tissue such as lies deep to the skin or invests muscles and various body organs
82
Femoral artery
the chief artery of the thigh; a continuation of the external iliac artery.
83
Flexion
The action of bending or the condition of being bent
84
Floating ribs
Any of the lower ribs that are not attached directly to the breastbone.
85
Fontanels
A space between the bones of the skull in an infant or fetus, where ossification is not complete and the sutures not fully formed.
86
Frontal plane
any of the vertical planes passing through the body from the head to the feet, perpendicular to the sagittal planes; the plane parallel to the long axis of the body and at right angles to the median sagittal plane, dividing the body into front and back portions.
87
Function of bile:
a bitter, alkaline, yellow or greenish liquid, secreted by the liver, that aids in absorption and digestion, especially of fats.
88
Function of Throbmocytes
A thrombocyte is a piece of a larger cell called a megakaryocyte. Thromboyctes, also called platelets, are found in the blood.
89
Fundus of uterus
the bottom or base of anything; the bottom or base of an organ, or the part of a hollow organ farthest from its mouth
90
Gastrocnemius
The chief muscle of the calf of the leg, which flexes the knee and foot.
91
Gluteus maximus
the outermost of the three gluteal muscles
92
Golgi apparatus
A complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport.
93
Hard palate
Bony front part of the roof of the mouth
94
Hemiplegia
Paralysis of one side of the body.
95
Hemoglobin
A red protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood of vertebrates.
96
Inferior
lower in place or position; closer to the bottom or base
97
Insertion
The action of inserting something.
98
Integumentary system
the skin and its appendages.
99
Internal respiration
The metabolic process by which living cells absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
100
Involuntary muscles
Muscle not under the control of the will; usually consists of smooth.
101
Iris
A flat, colored, ring-shaped membrane behind the cornea of the eye, with an adjustable circular opening (pupil) in the center.
102
Joints
A point at which parts of an artificial structure are joined.
103
Lateral
of or pertaining to the side; situated at, proceeding from, or directed to a side
104
Latissmus Doris
a broad flat muscle on either side of the back.
105
Left atrium
the left upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the pulmonary veins.
106
Left ventricle
the chamber on the left side of the heart that receives arterial blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta.
107
Lens
a piece of glass or other transparent material, used to converge or diverge transmitted light and form optical images
108
Leukocyte
leukocyte /leu·ko·cyte/ (loo´ko-sīt) white cell, white blood cell; a colorless blood corpuscle capable of ameboid movement, whose chief function is to protect the body against microorganisms causing disease
109
Ligaments
A short band of tough, flexible, fibrous connective tissue that connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint.
110
Lining of uterus
The inner layer of the uterus (womb); the cells that line the womb; anatomically termed the endometrium. This tissue is normally shed monthly in response to the hormonal changes of the menstrual period.
111
Lymphatic system
The network of vessels through which lymph drains from the tissues into the blood.
112
Lymphocytes
A form of small leukocyte (white blood cell) with a single round nucleus, occurring esp. in the lymphatic system.
113
Lysosomes
An organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane.
114
Medial
Situated near the median plane of the body or the midline of an organ.
115
Medulla Oblongata
The continuation of the spinal cord within the skull, containing control centers for the heart and lungs.
116
Medullary cavity
The marrow cavity in the shaft of a long bone.
117
Meninges
Inflammation of the meninges caused by viral or bacterial infection.
118
Midbrain
A small central part of the brainstem.
119
Midsagittal plane
a vertical plane through the midline of the body; divides the body into right and left halves. Also called the median plane.
120
Mitochondria
An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur.
121
Mitral valves
The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart.
122
Muscle tissues
an aggregation of similarly specialized cells which together perform certain special functions.
123
Muscle tones
The tension in resting muscles and the amount of resistance that is felt when a muscle is moved.
124
Myelin
A mixture of proteins and phospholipids forming a whitish insulating sheath around many nerve fibers, increasing the speed at which the body reacts
125
Neurilemma
The thin sheath around a nerve axon (including myelin where this is present).
126
Neuron
A specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell.
127
Neutrophils
white blood cells with cytoplasmic granules that consume harmful bacteria, fungi, and other foreign materials.
128
Nucleolus
A small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase.
129
Olfactory receptors
bipolar nerve cells located in the nasal epithelium. Axons of the cells are receptors of the olfactory nerve.
130
Orbital cavity
eye socket: the bony cavity in the skull containing the eyeball.
131
Order of Large Intestine
The large intestine consists of the cecum, colon, rectum and anal canal. starts in right iliac region of the pelvis, just at or below the right waist, where it is joined to the bottom end of the small intestine. From here it continues up the abdomen, then across the width of the abdominal cavity, and then it turns down, continuing to its endpoint at the anus.
132
Organ of Corti
A structure in the cochlea of the inner ear that produces nerve impulses in response to sound vibrations.
133
Organelles
Any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell.
134
Origin
The point at which something comes into existence or from which it derives or is derived
135
Ovaries
A female reproductive organ in which ova or eggs are produced, present in humans and other vertebrates as a pair.
136
Pancreas
a large elongated glandular organ, situated behind the stomach, that secretes insulin and pancreatic juice
137
Paraplegic
a person who has paraplegia (is paralyzed from the waist down).
138
Parasympathetic
Parasympathetic nervous system: The part of the involuntary nervous system that serves to slow the heart rate, increase intestinal and glandular activity, and relax the sphincter muscles.
139
Pathophysiology
The disordered physiological processes associated with disease or injury.
140
Pectoralis major
a skeletal muscle that adducts and rotates the arm
141
Pelvic cavity
the space bounded by the bones of the pelvis and containing the pelvic viscera.
142
Perineum
The area between the anus and the scrotum or vulva.
143
Peripheral pulse site
Right and left radial arteries. Right and left dorsalis pedis arteries. Right and left posterior tibial arteries. Right and left anterior tibial arteries.
144
Pharyngeal tonsils
a small, rounded mass of tissue, especially of lymphoid tissue; generally used alone to designate the palatine tonsil.
145
Phlebitis
Inflammation of the walls of a vein.
146
Physiology
The branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts. The way in which a living organism or bodily part functions.
147
Pia Mater
The delicate innermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord.
148
Pinocytic vesicle
mechanism by which cells ingest extracellular fluid and its contents
149
Platelets
A small colorless disk-shaped cell fragment without a nucleus, found in large numbers in blood and involved in clotting.
150
Pleura
Each of a pair of serous membranes lining the thorax and enveloping the lungs in humans and other mammals/ A lateral part in an animal body or structure.
151
Pons
The part of the brainstem that links the medulla oblongata and the thalamus.
152
Posterior
Further back in position; of or nearer the rear or hind end.
153
Proximal
Situated nearer to the center of the body or the point of attachment.
154
Pulmonary valve
a semilunar valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery; prevents blood from flowing from the artery back into the heart.
wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
155
Pupil
the eye, varying in size to regulate the amount of light reaching the retina.
156
Pyloric sphincter
the sphincter muscle of the pylorus that separates the stomach from the duodenum.
157
Pyrexia
Raised body temperature; fever.
158
Quadriceps femoris
the large extensor muscle of the anterior thigh, composed of the rectus femoris, the vastus lateralis, the vastus medialis, and the vastus intermedius.
159
Quadriplegia
Paralysis of all four limbs; tetraplegia.
160
Rectus abdominus
The rectus abdominis muscle is a paired muscle running vertically on each side of the anterior wall of the human abdomen
161
Red marrow
bone marrow of children and some adult bones that is required for the formation of red blood cells.
162
Respiratory system
the system for taking in oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide; in terrestrial animals this is accomplished by breathing.
163
Retina
the light-sensitive membrane forming the inner lining of the posterior wall of the eyeball, composed largely of a specialized terminal expansion of the optic nerve. Images focused here by the lens of the eye are transmitted to the brain as nerve impulses
164
Right atrium
a cavity or chamber in the body, esp the upper chamber of each half of the heart
165
Right ventricle
the chamber on the right side of the heart that receives venous blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary trunk.
166
Risk factors of hypertension:
Age, race, family history, over weight or obesity, activity level, tobacco use, too much salt, alcohol, and stress
167
Rotation
The action of rotating around an axis or center
168
Rugae
A fold, crease, or wrinkle, as in the lining of the stomach.
169
Salivary Amylase
an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch into simpler compounds.
170
Salivary glands
A gland that secretes saliva, especially any of three pairs of large glands, the parotid, submaxillary.
171
Sartorius
A long, narrow muscle running obliquely across the front of each thigh from the hipbone to the inside of the leg below the knee.
172
Sclera
The white outer layer of the eyeball, continuous with the cornea at the front.
173
Scrotum
A pouch of skin containing the testicles.
174
Semicircular canal
Any of three tubular and looped structures of the inner ear, together functioning in maintenance of the sense of balance in the body.
175
Seminal vesicles
either of two small saclike glands, located on each side of the bladder in males, that add nutrient fluid to semen during ejaculation.
176
Sinuses
A cavity within a bone or other tissue
177
Skeletal muscles
A muscle that is connected to the skeleton to form part of the mechanical system that moves the limbs and other parts of the body.
178
Skeletal system
the hard structure (bones and cartilages) that provides a frame for the body of an animal.
179
Smooth muscles
a muscle that contracts without conscious control and found in walls of internal organs such as stomach and intestine and bladder and blood vessels (excluding the heart)
180
Somatic system
A system dealing with actions you control (part of the PNS).
181
Spinal cavity
The spinal canal (or vertebral canal or spinal cavity) is the space in vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes. It is a process of the dorsal human body
182
Sternocleidomastoid
Either of two muscles of the neck that serve to flex and rotate the head.
183
Structure of Fallopian tubes:
either of a pair of long narrow ducts located in the human female abdominal cavity that transport the male sperm cells to the egg, provide a suitable environment for fertilization, and transport the egg from the ovary, where it is produced, to the central channel (lumen) of the uterus.
184
Superior
Higher in rank, status
185
Sympathetic system
A part of the nervous system that serves to accelerate the heart rate, constrict blood vessels, and raise blood pressure.
186
Synarthrosis
An immovably fixed joint between bones connected by fibrous tissue (for example, the sutures of the skull)
187
Systolic
of or relating to a systole or happening during a systole
188
Tachycardia
An abnormally rapid heart rate.
189
Tendon
A flexible but inelastic cord of strong fibrous collagen tissue attaching a muscle to a bone.
190
Testis
An organ that produces spermatozoa (male reproductive cells).
191
Thoracic cavity
the cavity in the vertebrate body enclosed by the ribs between the diaphragm and the neck and containing the lungs and heart.
192
Thoracic vertebrae
Each of the twelve bones of the backbone to which the ribs are attached.
193
Thrombocytes
tiny bits of protoplasm found in vertebrate blood; essential for blood clotting.
194
Thrombophlebitis
Inflammation of the wall of a vein with associated thrombosis, often occurring in the legs during pregnancy.
195
Tibialis anterior
tibialis anticus: a muscle running from the tibia to the first metatarsal and cuneiform bones.
196
Transverse plane
any one of the planes cutting across the body perpendicular to the sagittal and the frontal planes (at right angles to the long axis of the body), dividing the body into superior and inferior parts
197
Trapezius
Either of a pair of large triangular muscles extending over the back of the neck and shoulders and moving the head and shoulder blade.
198
Tricep brachii
the skeletal muscle having three origins that extends the forearm when it contracts.
199
Tricuspid valve
One of the four heart valves, the first one that blood encounters as it enters the heart. The tricuspid valve stands between the right atrium and the right ventricle, and it allows blood to flow only from the atrium into the ventricle.
200
True ribs
A rib that is attached directly to the breastbone.
201
Urinary system
the system that includes all organs involved in reproduction and in the formation and voidance of urine.
202
Varicose veins
Varicose veins are veins that have become enlarged and tortuous.
202
Vas deferens
The duct that conveys sperm from the testicle to the urethra.
203
Veins
Any of the tubes forming part of the blood circulation system of the body, carrying mainly oxygen-depleted blood toward the heart.
204
Ventral
Of, on, or relating to the underside of an animal or plant; abdominal.
205
Ventral cavity
A cavity that encases the thoracic cavity, the diaphragm, and the abdominopelvic cavity..
206
Ventricles
A hollow part or cavity in an organ, in particular/Each of the two main chambers of the heart, left and right.
207
Venules
A very small vein, esp. one collecting blood from the capillaries.
208
Vestibules
A cavity, chamber, or channel that leads to or is an entrance to another cavity, especially that of the ear.
209
Villi
A fingerlike projection of the lining of the small intestine.
210
Voluntary muscles
striated muscle that can be controlled voluntarily.
211
Ways to take temperature:
```
rectal method (by the rectum)
oral method (by the mouth)
axillary method (under the armpit)
temporal artery method (forehead)
tympanic method (in the ear)
```
212
Yellow marrow
bone marrow that is yellow with fat; found at the ends of long bones in adults.
213
Orthostatic hypertension
Sit patient up in bed and blood pressure drops
