Exam 4 Flashcards
1
Q
Conjunctiva
A
Mucous membrane that lines eyelids and covers the anterior part of the sclera of the eye
2
Q
Connective tissue
A
Body tissue that connects, supports, or binds body organs
3
Q
Contractibility
A
Ability for muscle to shorten with force
4
Q
Contracture
A
Tightening or shortening of muscle
5
Q
Cornea
A
The transparent section of the sclera; allows light rays to enter eye
6
Q
Coronal plane
A
Or frontal plane, divides the body into front and back sections
7
Q
Coronary artery
A
Supplies blood to the heart. surrounds the heart like a crown coming out of the aorta
8
Q
Cranial cavity
A
Contains the brain
9
Q
Deltoid
A
Muscle forming the rounded Contour of shoulder
10
Q
Dendrite
A
Type of nerve fiber. helps impulses received from other cells at synopsis transmit to the cell body
11
Q
Diaphysis
A
Shaft or middle part of long bones
12
Q
Diarthrosis
A
Or synorial, freely movable joint
13
Q
Diastolic
A
measurement of blood pressure taken when the heart is at rest. measurement of the constant pressure in artery
14
Q
Abbduction
A
Moving away from the center of the body
15
Q
Afferent nerves
A
Sensory nerves, skin is the chief sensory organ
16
Q
Amphiarthrosis
A
Slightly movable joint
17
Q
Amount of blood in human
A
7% of bodyweight, about 6 quarts
18
Q
Aorta artery
A
Largest artery in the human body. left ventricle of the heart
19
Q
Arachnoid membrane
A
Anatomy of a delicate membrane enclosing the spinal cord
20
Q
Basophils
A
Part of your immune system that normally protects your body from
21
Q
Diencephalon
A
The section of the brain between the cerebrum and midbrain. contains the thalamus and hypothalamus
22
Q
Digestive system
A
Mouth, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas. digest food physically and chemically. transforms food. absorbs nutrients. Eliminates waste
23
Q
Distal
A
Most distant or farthest from the trunk; center or midline
24
Q
Dorsal cavity
A
One long continuous cavity located on the back of the body. divided into two sections: cranial and spinal cavity
25
Dura mater
Tough fibrous membrane covering the brain and the spinal cord and lining the inner surface of the skull
26
Dyspnea
Difficult or labored breathing
27
Eferrent
Comes from the brain. motor nerves. tells you to take action
28
Ejaculatory ducts
In the male, duct or tube from the seminal vesicle to the urethra
29
Elasticity
Muscles ability to rebound back
30
Embolus
A blood clot or mass of material circulating in the blood vessels, floating blood clot?
31
Endocrine system
Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid,adrenals and thymus glands, pancreas, ovaries, testes. produces a secretes hormones to regulate body processes
32
Endoplasmic reticulum
Fine network of tubular structures in the cytoplasm of a cell. allows for the transport of materials in and out of the nucleus and aids in synthesis and storage of protein
33
Gastrocnemius
Largest and most prominent muscle of the calf of the leg
34
Gluteus Maximus
Butt muscle
35
Golgi apparatus
That structure in the cytoplasm of a cell that produces, stores, and packages secretions for discharge from the cell
36
Hard palate
Bony structure that forms the roof of the mouth
37
Hemiplegia
Paralysis on one side of the body
38
Hemoglobin
Ion containing protein of the red blood cells; carries oxygen from lungs to tissues
39
Inferior
vena cava, part of the heart
40
Insertion
End or area of a muscle that moves when the muscles contract
41
Integumentary system
The skin and it functions, sweat glands, hair, nails. considered a membrane/organ
42
Internal respiration
Exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the tissue cells and bloodstream
43
Iris
Colored portion of the eyes: composed of a muscular or contractile tissue that regulates the size of the pupil
44
Involuntary muscles
Muscles not controlled by choice (example: peristalsis)
45
Joints
Area where two bones meet or join
46
Lateral
Position where you're laying flat
47
Latissimus Dorsi
Broadest muscle of the back
48
Left atrium
One of the four chambers in the human heart. receives oxygenated blood from lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle
49
Left ventricle
Receives blood from left atrium and forces blood to the aorta
50
Lens
Crystalline structure suspended behind the pupil. bends light rays into retina
51
Leukocytes
White blood cells
52
Ligament
Fibrous tissue connects bone to bone
53
Medial
Pertaining to middle or midline
54
Lysosomes
Oval shaped organelles contains digestive enzymes. (Break down old cells, foreign waste, toxic). Not in all systems
55
THE MEDULLA..OBLONGAT-A!
Lower part of brain stem; controls vital processes like respiration and heartbeat
56
Medullary cavity
Inside bones. Filled with yellow marrow
57
Meninges
Membranes that cover brain and spinal cord. Epithelial tissue
58
Midbrain
Portion of brain that connects pons and cerebellum. Relay center for impulses
59
Midsagital plane
Or median. Cut in half, left and right sides
60
Mitochondria
Rod shapes organelles. Power house (ATP source of energy)
61
Mitral valve
Flap or cusp between left atrium and left ventricle in the heart.
62
Muscle tissue
Body tissue made of fibers that produce movement
63
Muscle tone
State of partial muscle contraction providing a state of readiness to act
64
Neuron
Nerve cell
65
Nucleolus
Located in nucleus. Holds DNA, copies cells
66
Olfactory receptors
Pertaining to sense of smell
67
Organ of corti
Structure in cochlea of the ear; organ of hearing
68
Organelle
Maintains life of cell. Jelly like.
69
Origin
End or area of muscle that remains stationary when muscle contracts
70
Ovary
Endocrine gland or gonad that produces hormones and the femal sex cell
71
Pancreas
Gland that is dorsal to the stomach. Secretes insulin and digestive juices.
72
Paraplegia
Paralysis of lower half of body
73
Parasympathetic
Division of autonomic nervous system
74
Pathophysiology
Study of how disease occurs and the response of living organisms to disease processes
75
Pelvic cavity
Ventral cavity. Sits within pelvic bones. Protected by bone and muscle. Holds bladder and major reproductive organs.
76
Perineum
Region between vagina and anus in female and scrotum and anus in male
77
Phlebitis
Inflammation of vein
78
Physiology
Study of processes (functions of anatomy)
79
Pleura
Serous membrane covers lungs and lines thoracic cavity
80
Pons
Part of brain stem underneath midbrain where all reflexes come in and out
81
Posterior
Backside
82
Proximal
Close to origin
83
Pupil
In choroid coat. Controls light that enters and leaves eye
84
Pulmonary valve
Flap or cusp between right ventricle of heart and the pulmonary artery
85
Pyrexia
Fever
86
Quadriplegia
Paralysis below neck
87
Red marrow
In bones. Produces red blood cells.
88
Respiratory system
Takes in oxygen and expels carbon. Lungs and air passages
89
Retina
Innermost of eye. All nerve cells and two special cells: cones (light and color), rods (night vision)
90
Rotation
Turning bone or joint around on own axis
91
Salivary glands
Glands of mouth, produce saliva
92
Sclera
White outer coat of eye
93
Scrotum
Double pouch containing testes and epidymis in males
94
Semicircular canal
Structures of inner ear involved in maintaining balance and equilibrium
95
Seminal vesicles
Out of two saclike structures behind bladder and connected to the vas deferens in make. Secretes thick, viscous fluid for semen
96
Sinus
Cavity or airspace in bone
97
Skeletal muscle
Voluntary (biceps, quads)
98
Skeletal system
Made of 206 bones. Framework. Stores calcium, phosphorus and fat
99
Smooth muscle
Or visceral. Internal organs. Found in two layers: longitudinal and circular
100
Spinal cavity
Dorsal cavity. Protects spinal cord. Protected by vertebrae and some muscle.
101
Superior
Above, on top, etc
102
Sympathetic
Division of autonomic nervous system that allows body to respond to emergencies and stress, also to solve problems of another
103
Synarthrosis
When joints have no movement
104
Systolic
Period of work or contraction of heart
105
Tachycardia
Fast heartbeat(100per min)
106
Tendon
Attachment to bone. Covered with sheet. Allow things to slide over and hold in place.
107
Testes
Gonads/endocrine glands located in scrotum of male and produce sperm/hormones
108
Thoracic cavity
Ventral cavity. Chest cavity protected by bone and some muscle and houses heart, lungs, and great vessels.
109
Transverse plane
Cut across (top and bottom halves)
110
Varicose veins
Swollen, distended veins
111
Vas deferens
Or ductus deferens. Tube that carries sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct in males
112
Veins
Blood vessel carries blood back to the heart
113
Ventral
Or anterior. Front part.
114
Ventricles
Hollowed out chambers in brain (4) filled with cerebral spinal fluid
115
Venules
Smallest type of vein. Connects capillaries and veins.
116
Vestibule
Small space or cavity at beginning of a canal
117
Villi
Tiny projections from a surface. In the small intestine. Projections aid in absorption of nutrients
118
Voluntary muscle
Have control over
119
Yellow marrow
Made of adipose tissue. For insulation and shock absorber
120
Lymphatic system
Works with circulatory system. Gets rid of excess body liquid.
121
Lymphocytes
Type of white blood cell in the vertebrate immune system
122
Myelin
Substance rich in protein and lipids. Forms layers around the nerve fibers and acts as insulation.
123
Neurilemma
Thin membrane spirally wrapped around myelin layers of certain fibers
124
Neutrophils
Most abundant type of white blood cell in mammals. Essential for fighting disease.
125
Orbital Cavity
Eye socket
126
Pectoralis major
Tick, fan shaped muscle in the chest
127
Pharyngeal tonsils
Mass of lymph tissue in wall of air passageway
128
Pia mater
Fine vascular membrane closely envelopes brain and spinal cord under arachnoid and the dura mater
129
Pinocytic vesicle
Contains fluid or solute being ingested into a cell
130
Platelets
Produced in bone marrow. Small blood components that help with clotting.
131
Pyloric sphincter
Or valve. Strong ring of smooth muscle at the end of pyloric canal which lets food pass from stomach to duodenum
132
Quadriceps femoris
Large fleshy muscle group covering front and sides of thigh
133
Rectus abdominis
Muscle ("abs") in anterior wall of abdomen
134
Right atrium
One of heart chambers. Receives blood from inferior and superior vena cava.
135
Right ventricle
Pumps to the lungs
136
Rugae
Ridge or fold in lining of stomach
137
Salivary amylase
Enzyme that catalyses breakdown of starch into sugars
138
Sartorius
Longest muscle in body. Long and thin, runs down length of thigh
139
Somatic system
Part of peripheral nervous system that carries motor and sensory info
140
Sternocleidomastoid
Muscle in neck. Originates on sternum and attaches to clavicle
141
Thoracic vertebrae
Middle segment of vertebral column
142
Thrombocytes
Another name for platelet. Helps with clotting.
143
Thrombophlebitis
Swelling of a vein caused by blood clot
144
Tibialis anterior
Large muscle that runs down the outside of the shin
145
Trapezius
Large superficial muscle that spans the neck, shoulders and back
146
Triceps brachii
Large muscle on back of upper arm (posterior surface of humerus)
147
Tricuspid valve
Or right atrioventricular valve. On the right dorsal side of the heart. Between right atrium and right ventricle.
148
True ribs
First 7 ribs connected to sternum
149
Urinary system
Or renal system. Produces, stores and eliminates urine.
150
Ventral cavity
Or anterior (frontal) thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities are 'ventral'
