This tissue has a basement membrane
Epithelial
Lines blood vessels
Simple squamous
Glands, lining of kidney tubules
Simple cubodial
Lining of digestive tract, bronchi, and uterine tubes
Simple columnar
Outer layer of skin
Stratified squamous
Sweat gland duct, ovaries
Stratified cubodial
Upper respiratory tract, vas deferens
Pseudostratified
Characteristics of Epithelial tissue
- Cellular
- Avascular
- Polar
- Regenerates rapidly
Free surface of epithelial tissue
apical
Embryonic origin of epithelial tissue
All: endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm
Embryonic origin of Connective tissue
Mesoderm
What tissue is tendons and ligaments?
Dense connective
What tissue is between organs?
Loose connective
Characteristics of Connective tissue
- Vascualr
- Extracellular matrix
- Several types of cells
Made up of long excitable, contractile cells
Muscle tissue
Embryonic origin of connective tissue
Mesoderm
Embryonic origin of nervous tissue
Ectoderm
Tissue specialized to conduct impulses
Nervous
Sensor and effector of negative feedback systems
Sensors monitor changes; if the value is too high or low the sensor activates an effector to counteract the change
A neuron at rest has more potassium on the _____
Inside
A neuron at rest has more sodium on the _____
Outside
At rest the ____ channels are closed
Na +
Which channel is always open?
K + leakage channel
At rest the ______ is active.
Na +/K+ Pump
Depolarization to threshold: A stimulus causes what to happen?
- Na + channels to open briefly
- Na + diffuses into the cell
- Causes additional Na + channels to open
- Cell reaches threshold potential
What happens at peak depolarization?
- Membrane reverses its polarity
- Na + close
- K + leaves the axon
- Cells interior regains it negative charge
Saltatory conduction
In the mylenated axons, Na + channels occur only at the odes of ranvier, action potentials jump from one node to the next which speeds up impulses
Steps of action potential reaching the terminals
- Reaches terminal
- Triggers opening of ca ++ channels
- Ca ++ diffuses into the axonal terminal
- Vesicles move and fuse with membrane
- neurotransmitter released via exocytosis
- Neurotransmitter diffuses across synaptic cleft
- NT binds to receptor on postsynaptic cells synaptic cleft
- EPSP or IPSP generated in postsynaptic cell
- NT cleared from cleft
- Vesicles replenished, Ca++ channels shut
Phermones
Communication chemicals between animals of the same species
Endocrine characteristics
- Ductless glands
- Release chemicals into the blood
- Prolonged actions
What triggers 2nd messenger systems?
Water-soluable hormones
What directly alters gene expression?
Lips-Soluable hormones
Peptide hormones are _____-soluable
Water
Steroid Hormones are ____-soluable
Lipid
Water soluble is _____ acting
fast
Lipid soluble is _____ acting
slow