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Anatomy I > Exam 4- Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Exam 4- Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

is the ANS a sensory or motor division?

A

motor

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2
Q

autonomic nervous system definition

A

system of motor neurons that (involuntarily) innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

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3
Q

subdivisions of ANS

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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4
Q

autonomic motor units

A

2-neuron motor chain
preganglionic cell body in CNS
preganglionic synapses with postganglionic in autonomic ganglia outside CNS
postganglionic axon that extends to effector

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5
Q

peripheral motor units

A

in spinal cord
1 single motor neuron goes all the way from CNS to effector organ
uses ACh
goes to skeletal muscle

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6
Q

autonomic motor units are (monosynaptic/polysynaptic)?

A

polysynaptic

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7
Q

peripheral motor units are (monosynaptic/polysynaptic)?

A

monosynaptic

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8
Q

parasympathetic- where do fibers emerge from CNS?

A

brain and sacral region of spinal cord

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9
Q

parasympathetic- what are the length of motor unit fibers?

A

long preganglionic

short postganglionic

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10
Q

parasympathetic- where are ganglia located?

A

in visceral effector organs

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11
Q

parasympathetic- what is the function?

A

converses energy; does housekeeping tasks

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12
Q

parasympathetic- are preganglionic neurons generally polysynaptic or monosynaptic?

A

monosynaptic

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13
Q

parasympathetic- how does the neurotransmitter work?

A

ACh is quickly inactivated by acetylcholinesterase

ACh acts directly and rapidly on effectors

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14
Q

sympathetic- where do fibers emerge from CNS?

A

thoracic and lumbar regions of spinal cord

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15
Q

sympathetic- what are the length of motor unit fibers?

A

short preganglionic

long postganglionic

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16
Q

sympathetic- what is the function?

A

mobilizer; fight or flight

17
Q

sympathetic- are preganglionic neurons generally polysynaptic or monosynaptic?

A

monosynaptic

18
Q

sympathetic- how does the neurotransmitter work?

A

NE is slowly inactivated by reabsorption
NE acts indirectly (using 2ndary messengers) and more slowly on effectors
NE is also released into bloodstream by adrenal medulla

19
Q

dual innervation

A

both divisions of ANS go to the same place

20
Q

visceral reflex arc components

A 
receptor
visceral sensory neuron
integration area (spinal cord)
2-neuron motor chain
effector (smooth muscle and glands)

*same basic path as spinal reflex, only difference is 2-neuron motor chain rather than 1

21
Q

neurotransmitters released by ANS

A

acetylcholine

norepinephrine

22
Q

acetylcholine is released by…

A

all preganglionic axons
all parasympathetic postganglionic axons (by cholinergic fibers)
some sympathetic postganglionic axons

23
Q

which sympathetic postganglionic axons release ACh?

A

those that innervate sweat glands, blood vessels in skeletal muscle, and external genitalia

24
Q

norepinephrine is released by…

A

most sympathetic postganglionic axons

25
Q

cholinergic receptors

A

receptors that bind to ACh
nicotinic receptors
muscarine receptors

26
Q

nicotinic receptors

A

all postganglionic neurons
adrenal medulla produces ACh
ACh always stimulatory/excitatory

27
Q

muscarinic receptors

A

on all parasympathetic target organs
on these sympathetic postganglionic: eccrine sweat glands, some blood vessels of skeletal muscle, genitals
ACh can be stimulatory or inhibitory

28
Q

adrenergic receptors

A

found on most sympathetic receptor organs
alpha
beta

29
Q

alpha receptor

A

NE usually stimulatory

leads to depolarization

30
Q

beta receptor

A

NE usually inhibitory

leads to hyperpolarization

31
Q

ANS controls structures

A

reticular formation
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
spinal cord

32
Q

reticular formation

A

part of brain that sends signals to cerebral cortex to keep it active
(keeps cerebrum awake)
mechanism that has the most direct influence on ANS

33
Q

hypothalamus

A

main integration center for ANS

anterior: parasympathetic
posterior: sympathetic

34
Q

cerebral cortex

A

activity on ANS is mostly subconscious (through memory)

35
Q

spinal cord

A

activation of reflex directly through spinal cord

thirst, defamation reflex

36
Q

Hypertension and its symptoms

A

disorder of overactive sympathetic division of ANS

symptoms: high bp, stroke, heart attack/failure, kidney disease/failure, sexual dysfunction, vision loss

37
Q

raynauds disease

A

disorder of sympathetic division of ANS
vasoconstriction in extremities in response to cold
characteristic sign: v pale fingers/toes

38
Q

how does raynauds work

A
  1. cold causes blood vessels supplying extremities to constrict
  2. blood supply is reduced
  3. those areas get cold

Anatomy I (6 decks)

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