EXAM 4 DRUGS Flashcards
(18 cards)
Ibuprofen
MOA: block cox 1 and 2 meaning there is no GI protection, vasodilation, decrease platelet aggregation, block prostaglandin production
CLASS: NSAID
TU: decreases inflammation, pain, and fever
AE: GI bleeding, renal dysfunction, high risk for heart attack/stroke
NC: take w/food and milk, stop 1 week before surgery, monitor renal function
Cont: cat D, taking anticoagulants, 65 and older (decreases kidney/liver), alcoholics/smokers
Aspirin
MOA: block cox 1 and 2 meaning there is no GI protection, vasodilation, decrease platelet aggregation, block prostaglandin production
CLASS: NSAID
TU: decreases inflammation, fever, and pain
decreases heart attack/stroke
AE: salicylism/reyes syndrome, GI bleeding, renal dysfunction
NC: take w/ food/milk, stop 1 week before surgery, monitor kidney function
CONT: cad D, anticoagulants, 65 and older, alcoholics/smokers
Acetaminophen
MOA: Reduces fever through hypothalamus and dilation of peripheral blood vessels
CLASS: Antipyretic
TU: decrease fever and pain
for a child/ pt on anticoagulants
AE: poisoning, liver damage, SJS, dark urine
NC: avoid alc, monitor s/s of liver damage, in many drugs, 4g per day
NOTE: antidote= n-acetyleysteine
Buprenorphine
MOA: against @ kappa and sigma receptors and weak against mu receptors
CLASS: Mixed agonist/antagonist
TU: treat opioid dependence, decrease withdrawals, chronic pain (cancer), pregnant women
AE: prolong QT intervals, respiratory depression, sedation, OHTN
NC: assess pain before and after, monitor vitals, double check w/ 2nd nurse
NOTE: antidote=naloxone
Codeine/Morphine
MOA: act on mu and kappa receptors in the CNS
CLASS: Opioid analgesics
TU: mod-severe pain, sedation, decrease peristalsis, cough suppressant (codeine and hydrocodone)
AE: respiratory depression, sedation, OHTN, urinary retention
NC: assess pain before and after, monitor vitals, double check w/ 2nd nurse
NOTE: antidote=naloxone
Naloxone
MOA: block off opioid receptors
CLASS: Opioid antagonist
TU: overdose, reverse effects
AE: tachycardia, tachypnea, hypertension, pain returns
NC: monitor vitals and pain
Route: IV, IM, SQ, Q2 minutes PRN
Disulfiram
MOA: inhibits enzyme to help liver metabolize alcohol
CLASS: Antabuse
TU: metabolize alcohol, stop alcohol consumption
AE: vomiting, dehydration
PT: avoid cough syrup, hand sanitizer, mouthwash, increase fluids
Methadone
MOA: changes how the brain and nervous system respond to pain, not the same level of euphoria
CLASS: Synthetic opioid
TU: lessens painful symptoms of withdrawal, block euphoric effects, for moms/pregnant, long term
AE: respiratory depression, constipation, prolong qt intervals
NC: have to be on to take baby home
Prednisone
MOA: relieves inflammation by preventing; prostaglandins, phagocytes, lymphocytes, histamine release
CLASS: Corticosteroid
TU: pain, swelling, join stiffness, slow/delay disease, short term
AE: increase infection, fluid retention, adrenal suppression, cushings syndrome, hyperglycemia
NC: monitor temp, take Ca, D, and K supplements, monitor fluids, don’t stop abruptly
PT: wear medic bracelet, avoid crowds, increase supplement
ROUTES: PO, IV, IM, inhalation, topical, ophthalmic
LABS/TESTS: blood test (ACTH, cortisol, aldosterone levels and 24 urinary and ACTH challenge), erythrocyte sedimentation test, c reactive protein
Naltrexone
MOA: pleasure blocking, decrease cravings
CLASS: Opioid antagonist
TU: alcohol/opioid use, long term, must be free from alcohol/opioids
AE: hepatotoxicity, withdrawal, accidental overdose
Reyes Syndrome
viral illness from aspirin in a child
S/S:
encephalopathy
fatty liver
20-30% mortality rate
Delirium Tremens
alcohol withdrawal 2-5 days after last drink
S/S:
shaking
confusion
increase BP
fever
hallucinations
Salicylism
too much aspirin
S/S:
tinnitus
sweating
headache
dizzy
Cushings Syndrome
too much corticosteroid in the body
S/S:
moon shaped face
buffalo hump
increase weight in abdomen
wrinkles
think skin
osteoporosis
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
body attacks adrenal gland cells
autoimmune disease
Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency
long term corticosteroid and stopped abruptly
body is used to medication
Glucocorticoids
Hydrocortisone and cortisone
What they do:
increase sugar
decrease prostaglandin production
suppress inflammation and immune response
Mineralocorticoids
Aldosterone
What they do:
maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
increase renal absorption of Na and H2O
fludrocortisone: treats Addison’s disease
- when adrenal glands can’t produce hormone
