EXAM 5 DRUGS Flashcards
(53 cards)
1
Q
Lidocaine
1. therapeutic use
2. classification
A
- prevents pain
- anesthetic, local amide
2
Q
Lidocaine MOA
A
- Na channel blocker
- stops nerves from sending pain signals to the brain
3
Q
Lidocaine blocks what
A
- sensory and motor impulses
1. pain
2. temp
3. touch
4. deep pressure
4
Q
Lidocaine AE
A
- CNS toxicity
- excited to AMS (confusion, decrease LOC)
- cardiovascular (decrease BP and HR)
5
Q
Lidocaine teaching/interventions
A
- lipid rescue therapy: helps bind lidocaine toxin and pull out of body so it doesn’t cause NA channel blockade
6
Q
Lidocaine routes
A
- IV (dont do IV, may contain epinephrine)
- IM
- SQ
- topical
7
Q
Lidocaine black box warning
A
- 2% oral product ingested by child
- seizure
- brain injury
- cardiac abnormalities
- death
8
Q
Propofol
1. therapeutic use
2. classification
A
- rapid and complete loss of sedation and consciousness
- balanced w/ other med - general anesthesia
- rapid onset (60 sec), wear off (3 mins)
- safer!
9
Q
Propofol MOA
A
- binds to GABA receptors
10
Q
Propofol AE
A
- respiratory depression
- laryngospasm (airway tight)
- anaphylaxis
11
Q
Propofol education/interventions
A
- continuous low does
- monitor cardiac, breathing
- monitor toxicity
- monitor IV site
12
Q
Propofol infusion syndrome
A
- TOO MUCH
- severe metabolic acidosis
- hyperkalemia/renal failure
- cardiac failure
- muscle breakdown (rhabdomyolysis)
*treated w/ mechanical ventilators, IV fluids, vasopressors
13
Q
Nitrous Oxide
1. therapeutic use
2. classification
A
- short surgical or dental procedure
- general inhaled anesthesia
- great for pain, not for anesthesia
14
Q
Nitrous Oxide MOA
A
- increase signals to chloride and potassium channels
15
Q
Nitrous Oxide AE
A
- post op n/v
- safer!
16
Q
Nitrous oxide education/intervention
A
- monitor for n/v
17
Q
Nitrous oxide routes
A
- semi closed method through a tube/mask
18
Q
Isoflurane
1. therapeutic use
2. classification
A
- anesthesia before surgery
- inhaled general anesthetic
- high potency
19
Q
Isoflurane MOA
A
- GABA and glutamate receptor agonist
20
Q
Isoflurane AE
A
- malignant hyperthermia
- dose depended respiratory depression
- shaking
- tremor (normal)
21
Q
Isoflurane education/interventions
A
- monitor breathing/vitals
- monitor for fever
- monitor K levels
22
Q
Isoflurane contradictions
A
- hx of malignant hyperthermia
- head trauma/ brain neoplasms from possible increase in intracranial pressure
- older pt (hypotension)
23
Q
Isoflurane characteristics
A
- volatile liquid
- rapid onset
- smooth induction
- muscle relaxant
- weak analgesic
24
Q
Succinylcholine
1. therapeutic use
2. classification
A
- muscle relaxant
- NO LOSS OF consciousness, sedation, analgesia, or amnesia - neuromuscular blocking agent
25
Succinylcholine MOA
- binds to acetylcholine receptors @ neuromuscular junction
- blocks nerve impulses for muscle contraction leading to muscle relaxant
26
Succinylcholine AE
- malignant hyperthermia
- hyperkalemia w/ cardiac arrest
- apnea
27
Succinylcholine education/interventions
- baseline neuro assessment
- use PNS to monitor nerve stimulation
- monitor for temp, shaking
- post neuro assessment
28
Succinylcholine Plasma pseudocholinesterase
- muscle relaxation that lasts longer than normal from bodys inability to break down drug
- decreased levels = not as effective
29
Dantrolene
1. therapeutic use
2. classification
1. helps w/ spasms of muscles
- tx for malignant hyperthermia
2. direct acting antispasmodic/calcium release blocker
- skeletal muscle relaxant
30
Dantrolene MOA
- blocks release of calcium
31
Dantrolene AE
- drowsiness
- dysphagia
- weakness
32
Dantrolene education/interventions
- monitor LOC
- fall precautions
- monitor speech
33
Dantrolene routes
- IV (vesicant)
- if it leaks outside of vein it will eat up tissue to the bone
34
Dantrolene Blackbox warning
liver failure
35
Hep B
1. therapeutic use
2. MOA
1. helps cure/prevent transmission
2. causes body to produce its own antibodies against disease
36
Hep B AE
- jaundice
- cirrhosis
- liver cancer
- fainting
37
Hep B education/ interventions
- doesn't provide protection against other Hep viruses
- 90% effective
- not a LIVE vaccine
38
Hep B administration
- 3 IM injections
1. birth
2. 1-2 months
3. 18 months
- adults: deltoid
- babies: anterolateral thigh
39
Hep B contradictions
- anaphylaxis
- hypersensitivity to yeast
40
Hep B high risk pt
- infants/children
- healthcare
- sex
- sharing needles
- prisoners
- renal disease, HIV, diabetes
- traveling
41
Interferon alfa 2b
1. therapeutic use
2. classification
1. treats Hep B, cancer, viral infections
2. antiviral, immunostimulant
42
Interferon alpha 2b MOA
increases antibodies and CD8 and cytotoxic cell response
43
Interferon alpha 2b AE
- flulike symptoms
- depression/suicidal thoughts
- immunosuppression
44
Interferon alpha 2b education/interventions
- dont give to pt who is depressed
- avoid immunocompromised pt
45
Interferon alpha 2b administration
- IV
- SQ
- IM
46
Interferon alpha 2b labs
- CBC w/ platlet count
- liver enzymes
47
Interferon alpha 2b black box warning
- can cause fata neuropsychiatric, autoimmune, ischemic, or infection disorders
48
Cyclosporine
1. therapeutic use
2. classification
1. kidney, heart, transplant rejection
- ulcerative colitis, Crohn's, psoriasis
2. immunosuppressant
49
Cyclosporine MOA
blocks helper T cells
50
Cyclosporine AE
- infection
- malignancy
- nephro/hepatotoxicity
51
Cyclosporine education/interventions
- monitor kidneys and liver
- monitor weight, vitals, fluids
- monitor bp
52
Cyclosporine administration
- IV
_ PO
- take for life to prevent rejection
- take same time every day
53
Cyclosporine labs
- serum drug levels
