Metformin
Biguanide
Decrease hepatic glucose production; increase insulin sensitivity
First line
Glyburide
Sulfonylurea (2nd generation)
Increase insulin secretion
Glipizide
Sulfonylurea (2nd generation)
Increase insulin secretion
Glimepiride
Sulfonylurea (2nd generation)
Increase insulin secretion
Repaglinide
Meglitinide
Increase insulin secretion
Nateglinide
Meglitinide
Increase insulin secretion
Acarbose
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
Slow carbohydrate digestion/absorption
Miglitol
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
Slow carbohydrate digestion/absorption
Pioglitazone
Thiazolindinedione (TZD)
Increase insulin sensitivity
Rosiglitazone
Thiazolindinedione (TZD)
Increase insulin sensitivity
Alogliptin
DPP-4 inhibitor
Inhibits breakdown of endogenous GLP-1 (incretin); glucose dependent increase in insulin and decrease in glucagon
Linagliptin
DPP-4 inhibitor
Inhibits breakdown of endogenous GLP-1 (incretin); glucose dependent increase in insulin and decrease in glucagon
Saxagliptin
DPP-4 inhibitor
Inhibits breakdown of endogenous GLP-1 (incretin); glucose dependent increase in insulin and decrease in glucagon
Sitagliptin
DPP-4 inhibitor
Inhibits breakdown of endogenous GLP-1 (incretin); glucose dependent increase in insulin and decrease in glucagon
Canagliflozin
SGLT-2 inhibitor
Blocks glucose reabsorption in kidney
Dapagliflozin
SGLT-2 inhibitor
Blocks glucose reabsorption in kidney
Empagliflozin
SGLT-2 inhibitor
Blocks glucose reabsorption in kidney
Ertugliflozin
SGLT-2 inhibitor
Blocks glucose reabsorption in kidney
Colesevelam
Bile acid sequestrant
Bromocriptine (quick release)
Dopamine-2 agonist
Increase insulin sensitivity
Exenatide
GLP-1 receptor agonist
Exogenous GLP-1; glucose dependent increase in insulin secretion + decrease in glucagon
Exenatide ER
GLP-1 receptor agonist
Exogenous GLP-1; glucose dependent increase in insulin secretion + decrease in glucagon
Liraglutide
GLP-1 receptor agonist
Exogenous GLP-1; glucose dependent increase in insulin secretion + decrease in glucagon
Lixisenatide
GLP-1 receptor agonist
Exogenous GLP-1; glucose dependent increase in insulin secretion + decrease in glucagon
Dulaglutide
GLP-1 receptor agonist
Exogenous GLP-1; glucose dependent increase in insulin secretion + decrease in glucagon
Semaglutide
GLP-1 receptor agonist
Exogenous GLP-1; glucose dependent increase in insulin secretion + decrease in glucagon
Pramlintide
Amylin mimetic
Decrease glucagon, increase satiety
Ethinyl estradiol
Estrogen
Mestranol
Estrogen
Norgestrel
Progestin
Levonorgestrel
Progestin
Norethindrone
Progestin (can be used in HRT)
Ethynodiol
Progestin
Norgestimate
Progestin
Desogestrel
Progestin
Drospirenone
Progestin (synthetic) and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist
Ethinyl estradiol + norelgesttromin
Transdermal patch; estrogen + progestin combo
Ethinyl estradiol + etonogestrel
Intravaginal ring; estrogen + progestin combo
Levonorgestrel
Progesterone-only IUD (Skyla q3 yrs, Liletta q4 yrs, Mirena/Kyleena q5 yrs)
Etonogestrel
Progesterone only subdermal implant
Medroxyprogesterone
Progestin for HRT or progesterone only injection (IM/SC) (Depo-Provera q 3 months)
Mifepristone
Glucocorticoid receptor antagonist (postcoital contraception)
Estradiol
Estrogen used in HRT
Progesterone
Progestin used in HRT
Prometrium
Progesterone (oral)
Raloxifene
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM)
Tamoxifen
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM)
Bazedoxifene
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM)
Anastrozole
Aromatase inhibitor (reversible, nonsteroidal)
Letrozole
Aromatase inhibitor (reversible, nonsteroidal)
Exemestane
Aromatase inhibitor (irreversible, steroidal)
Fulvestrant
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulator (SERD)
Testosterone
Principal androgen
Used in HRT
Depo-testosterone
IM HRT
Androderm patch
Transdermal HRT
Androgel
Topical HRT
Testim
Topical HRT
Axiron
Topical HRT
Vogelxo
Topical HRT
Methyltestosterone
Oral synthetic testosterone
Oxandrolone
Anabolic androgen
Oxymetholone
Anabolic androgen
Finasteride
5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitor
Dutasteride
5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitor
Enzalutamide
Androgen receptor antagonist
Flutamide
Androgen receptor antagonist
Bicalutamide
Androgen receptor antagonist
Nilutamide
Androgen receptor antagonist
Abarelix
GnRH receptor antagonist
Degarelix
GnRH receptor antagonist
Leuprolide
GnRH receptor agonist
Goserelin
GnRH receptor agonist
Histrelin
GnRH receptor agonist
Triptorelin
GnRH receptor agonist
Aspart
Rapid acting insulin
Humulin-R
Short acting regular insulin (available as U100 or U500, diff. PK)
Novolin-N
Intermediate acting NHP insulin
Glargine
Long acting insulin (available as U100 or U300, diff. PK)
Detemir
Long acting insulin
Glulisine
Rapid acting insulin
Lispro
Rapid acting insulin
Novolin-R
Short acting regular insulin
Afrezza
Inhaled rapid acting insulin
Humulin-N
Intermediate acting NPH insulin
Degludec
Ultra long acting insulin