Exam 4: Gait Flashcards

Question

What are the two main divisions portions of the gait cycle?

Answer 1

1. Stance phase 2. Swing phase

Answer 2

stance phase: 60% swing phase: 40%

Answer 3

The distance from floor contact on one side to the next floor contact on that same side * for example, the distance from right heel contact to the next right heel contact

Answer 4

the distance from the floor-contact point of one (ipsilateral, originating) foot in early stance to the floor contact point of the contralateral foot. * For example, the distance from right heel contact to left heel contact.

Answer 5

Double limb support is the period of time when both feet are in contact with the ground. * It occurs twice during the gait cycle, at the beginning and the end of each stance phase. * As velocity increases, double limb support time decreases. When running, the individual has rapid forward movement with little or not period of double limb support. * Individuals with slow walking speeds spend more of the gait cycle in double support.

Answer 6

1. Weight acceptance 2. Single limb support

Answer 7

limb advancement

Answer 8

1. Initial Contact (IC) 2. Loading response (LR)

Answer 9

1. Midstance 2. Terminal Stance 3. Preswing

Answer 10

1. Initial swing 2. mid swing 3. terminal swing

Answer 11

All are part of the stance phase

Answer 12

all are part of the swing phase (and limb advancement)

Answer 13

1. Foot Slap 2. Trendelenburg Gait 3. Vaulting Gait 4. Antalgic Gait

Answer 14

1. Charcot Marie Tooth 2. MS 3. Diabetic Neuropathy 4. CVA 5. Brain Injury 6. Saturday Night Palsy * could be UE or LE (sail boat wires), * bed rest, etc, could cause

Answer 15

Rapid plantar flexion movement at heal contact. Tibialis Anterior is not strong enough to control plantar flexion into loading phase

Answer 16

Lean toward side of weakness during stance phase to compensate for hip abductor weakness while the contralateral leg is is in swing phase. The contralateral hip may drop (more than the normal 5 degrees). Trendelenburg gait occurs in the stance phase, when the trunk leans to the same side as the hip pathology (ipsilateral lean). This is a compensatory strategy used when the gluteus minimus and tensor facia lata) cannot adequately stabilize the spelvis during stance. Normally contralateral pelvis is limited to 5 degrees by eccentric control of the strong hop abductor muscles.

Answer 17

1. non weight bearing status 2. hip fracture 3. stroke 4. Generalized weakness \*THA should not cause trendelenburg unless something went wrong in surgery

Answer 18

Vaulting is exaggerated heel elevation of the stance foot, occasionally occuring with simultaneous stance limb hip and knee extension, with the goal of raising the pelvis to clear the contralateral swing limb. It occurs wihen the functional length of the swing limb is relatively longer than that of the stance limb. It also occurs when the swing limb advancedment is impaired or delayed by inadequate motor control of hip or knee flexion, or both, or in the presence of a plantar flexion contracture of the swing leg. It may compensate for pelvic obliquity or leg lenght discrepency.

Answer 19

1. Foot drop in contralateral leg 2. Leg length discrepancy 3. knee or hip doesn’t bend on contralateral side \*\*One calf will be massive (you may pick this up from observation)

Answer 20

pt has pain in stance phase (can also have pain in swing phase, but it almost always occurs stance phase) A very broad term always elaborate on the term Antalgic if you note it in chart * describe how it looks and where it might be coming from.

Answer 21

1. Decreased contralateral step length 2. Decreased ipsilateral stance time 3. Decreased momentum (increased energy expenditure) 4. Create abnormal alignment in upper body etc. 1. pelvic obliquity 2. crouching

Answer 22

always elaborate on the term Antalgic if you note it in chart * describe how it looks and where it might be coming from.

Answer 23

1. Circumduction 2. Hip Hike 3. Steppage Gait

Answer 24

A swing phase deviation in which hip abduction is combined with a wide arc of pelvic rotation, most often occuring as a compensatory pattern when there is a relatively longer swing limb compared with the stance limb. Circumduction can be observed as a lateral arc of the foot in the transverse plane that begins at the end of PSs and ends at IC on the same limb. \*PSw = pre swing \*IC = Initial Contact

Answer 25

1. foot drop 2. decreased knee/hip/ankle flexion 3. leg length discrepancy 4. weak hip flexors 5. Contracture * ankle PF ipsilateral? * knee/hip contralateral? 6. Scoliosis 7. Cerebral Palsy (circumduct both legs - sissor gait) * usually a birth issue

Answer 26

Occurs for the same reasons as cirumduction gait Lift the hip to clear the swinging limb when it's functional length is longer than the stance limb.

Answer 27

A compensation for foot drop Must use exaggerated hip and knee flexion in the swing leg in order to clear the floor

Answer 28

steppage gate (hip hike more likely when there is also a hip or knee issue)

Answer 29

Gait pattern like bilateral circumduction gait caused by lots of Adductor spacticity Common in CP

Answer 30

Rehab (at least for stroke) * we will place foot in proper place to prevent scissoring * or give pt target that is exaggerated to prevent crossing midline

Answer 31

1. Scissor Gait 2. Croutched Gait 3. Ataxic Gait

Answer 32

In Crouch gait exaggerated knee and hip flexion occurs throughout the gait cycle. Common population: pts with Parkinson’s Problem: Causes lack of swing

Answer 33

Basically, lack of coordination during gait In ataxic gait there is a failure of coordination or irregularity of muscular action of the limb segments commonly cuased by cerebellar dysfunciton. Ataxia often becomes accentuated whtn the eyes are closed or vision is impaired or distracted.

Answer 34

always elaborate on Ataxic if you note it in chart Because it is a broad term

Answer 35

add weight to get more proprioceptive input * downside, makes wrong muscles stronger * solution: make sure you use other means of helping to reorganize coordination, (and use weighting temporarily?)

Exam 4: Gait Flashcards

(60 cards)