Exam 4: NR414 Flashcards
1
Q
Objective Findings for Osteoarthritis
A
- Limited ROM in the affected joint
- fluid iseasily moved around the joint space
*
2
Q
A murmur heard after S1 and before S2 is classified as
A
systolic (possibly benign)
3
Q
During a visit for a school physical the 13 year old questions the asymmetry of her breasts. What is your best response?
A
“One breast may grow faster than the other during development”
4
Q
During examination of the breasts of a pregnant woman, what are the expected findings?
A
A blue vascular pattern over both breasts
5
Q
moving a limb away from the midline of the body
A
Abduction
6
Q
Melena
A
really dark stools b/c of blood
7
Q
an abnormal sensation such as burning or tingling.
A
parastesia
8
Q
What is the sequence used during examination of the abdomen?
A
- Inspect
- Auscultate
- Percuss
- Palpate
9
Q
all ascending and descending fiber tracts; it has vital autonomic centers for respiration, heart, and gastrointestinal function as well as nuclei for cranial nerves VIII through XII.
A
Medulla
10
Q
What would cause a false positive fecal occult test?
A
red meat
11
Q
When is the bulbourethral gland assessed
A
exam of a male patient
12
Q
What does a “normal” tympanic membrane look like?
A
Shiny, translucent, pearly grey
13
Q
a medical condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile from loss of tissue, typically as a result of hormonal changes, or deficiency of calcium or vitamin D.
A
osteoporosis
14
Q
What 4 areas do you auscultate when listening to the heart?
A
- Aortic, Pulmonic, Tricuspid, Mitral
15
Q
What is the time frame for full breast development?
A
1.5 - 6 years
16
Q
A 78 year old male comes into the office and the nurse assesses that he has a greying/white arc/circle around his cornea with no vision loss. She should conclude that the patient has:
A
Arcus Senillis
17
Q
describe the anal canal
A
- 3.8 cm long long outlet of the GI tract
18
Q
skin normal findings seen mostly in infants? x3
A
- Cafe Au Lait Spot
- Mongolian Spot
- Lanugo
19
Q
Describe the Left Lung
A
- narrower than the right w/ 2 lobes
20
Q
Each half of the cerebrum is a
A
hemisphere
21
Q
How common is prostate cancer
A
1/6
22
Q
How do we detect Prostate Cancer early?
A
- Blood for prostate specific antigen (PSA)
- Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)
23
Q
style of speech for a person with parkinsons
A
slow monotonous
24
Q
The best exercises to maintain bone health are
A
Weight bearing exercises
25
Straightening a limb at a joint
extension
26
Normal stool characteristics
Softs, brown, BM daily
27
An area of the body that is supplied mainly from one spinal segment through a particular spinal nerve is identified as a:
dermatone
28
When is a baseline mammogram recommened for women?
Between 35 and 39 yrs
29
slow, writhing, continuous, and involuntary movements of the extremities.
Athetosis
30
When is the best time to perform a breast self examination?
on the 4th - 7th day of the cycle
31
The knee joint is the articulation of three bones, the:
1. femur,
2. tibia
3. patella.
32
occurs with diabetes, epilepsy, and alcoholic liver disease. Chronic hyperplasia of the palmar fascia causes flexion contractures of the digits.
Dupuytren contracture
33
Turning the forearm so the palm is up
supination
34
Clonus that may be seen when testing deep tendon reflexes is characterized by a(n):
* a set of rapid, rhythmic contractions of the same muscle.
35
How do you examine the trigeminal nerve in an infant
offer the baby a bottle
36
Swan-neck, boutonnière deformity, and ulnar deviation are conditions associated with
rheumatoid arthritis
37
The test where you place a coin on a person's hand and ask him or her to indentify it
stereognosis
38
Anterior and Posterior Stability are provided to the knee joint by the
* anterior/posterior cruciate ligaments
39
Older Adult Expected Finding During Breast Exam
* lactiferous ducts are more palpable
* feel firm and stringy b/c of fibrosis and calcification.
40
Turning the forearm so the palm is out
Pronation
41
n impaired ability to coordinate movement, often characterized by a staggering gait and postural imbalance.
ataxia
42
What is a symptom of internal hemorroids?
frequent constipation, rectal bleeding and pain. No mass at anal opening
43
An expected postmenopausal breast change includes:
1. glandular tissue atrophy.
2. increased fibrous connective tissue.
3. fat tissue atrophy.
4. Decrease Breast Size
44
Subjective Data for Osteoarthritis
* Pain (worse later in the day)
* stiffness
* reported limited ROM
45
Where is the most common site for breast tumors
upper outer quadrant
46
Crepitation is an audible sound that is produced by:
roughened articular surfaces moving over each other
47
What is a findiing that indicated prostate cancer in the prostate gland?
diffuse hardness
48
Which of the following options is **not** a change that comes with menopause?
* The vaginal pH becomes more alkalotic
* The vagina becomes shorter and narrower
* The cervix shrinks
* **The ovaries hypertrophy**
49
localized uncoordinated, uncontrollable twitching of a single muscle group innervated by a single motor nerve fiber or filament.
Fasciculation
50
How do you elicit Babinski Reflex
stroke the lateral aspect of the sole of the foot from heel to the ball
51
A known risk factor for breast cancer includes:
Early Menarche, or Late Menopause (after 55)
52
a person hears and comprehends words but is unable to speak correctly; incoherent words are substituted for intended words.
paraphasia
53
During neurologic examination the tendon reflex fails to appear. Before striking the tendon again, the examiner might use what type of technique?
reinforcement
54
A positive babinski sign is
dorsifelxion of the big toe and fanning of all toes
55
strong fibrous cords that attach skeletal muscles to bones.
tendons
56
Cranial Nerve Mneumonic **Sensory, Motor or Both**
* Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Bad Business Marry Money
57
Cranial Nerve Mneumonic
Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet AH!
* Olfactoryoptic
* Oculomotor
* Trochlear
* Trigeminal
* Abducens
* Facial
* Vestibulocochlear
* Glossopharyngeal
* Vagus
* Accessory
* Hypoglossal
58
The number of lobes within the breast ranges between:
15 and 20
59
Why are children more at risk for ear infections?
They have shorter, wider, more horizontal Eustachian tubes
60
Define Supernumary nipple
A normal and common variation. An extra nipple on the thorax or abdomen. It is usually 5 to 6 cm below the breast near the midline and has no glandular tissue.
61
What is a gynecomastia
* enlargement of the male breast, due to hormone imbalance or hormone therapy.
* liver cirrhosis.
62
The production of red blood cells in the bone marrow is called:
hematopoiesis.
63
What is steatorhhea
frothy, foul smelling stools that float at the surface
64
Rectum is how long
12 cm. most distal portion of lg intestine
65
s a feature of the nerve tracts; the left cerebral cortex receives sensory information from and controls motor function to the right side of body, whereas the right cerebral cortex likewise interacts with the left side of the body.
Crossed Represenation
66
What assessments should be performed last on a 4-week-old infant?
Otoscopic examination of the tympanic membrane
67
moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle
inversion
68
To assess for a spinal curvature
* the person will bend over and touch the toes with the knee in extension
69
Influences Body Temperature
Diurnal Cycle
70
when is a cremasteric response positive?
when the ipsilateral testicle elevates upon stroking of the inner aspect of the thigh
71
The group of axillary lymph nodes that drains the other three groups of nodes is the:
Central Nodes
72
A newborn’s nail beds may be blue (cyanotic) for the first few hours of life, then they turn what color?
pink
73
Malignant Breast Lump Characteristics
1. Irregular Shape
2. Tenderness
74
the cutaneous distribution of the various spinal nerves.
Dermal segmentation
75
Superficial reflexes include
* abdominal,
* cremasteric,
* plantar (or Babinski) reflexes.
76
control of body temperature
hypothalamus
77
Positive Phalen Test and Tinel Signs are indicative of?
carpal tunnel syndrome
78
Muscle extension can be assessed by
* instructing the person to rise from a squatting position without using the hands for support.
79
Broca Means
difficulty speaking
80
What is the cause of a neonate with large breasts, secreting clear/white fluid?
maternal estrogen, which crossed the placenta
81
which cultural group has the lowest incidence of osteoporosis?
African Americans
82
Name the reservoirs for storing milk in the breasts?
Lactiferous Sinuses
83
The musculoskeletal system functions include:
* provide support to stand erect
* allow movement; to encase and protect the inner vital organs
* produce RBCS in the bone marrow
* reservoir for storage of essential minerals
84
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) is highest in this group?
African americans
85
Striae which occur when elastic fibers in the reticular layers of the skin are broken after rapid or prolonged stretching, have a distinct color when of long duration. What is this color?
Silvery White
86
Average age for breast development in african americans?
8 to 9 years
87
s where sensory pathways of the spinal cord, cerebellum, and brain stem form synapses on their way to the cerebral cortex.
thalamus
88
Moving the body part forward and parallel to the ground
protraction
89
The extrapyramidal system is located in the:
basal ganglia.
90
Bending a limb at a joint
flexion
91
What is a symptom of a benign prostatic hypertrophy
difficulty urinating and weak stream
92
Which cranial nerves control the extraocular muscles (EOM)?
* Oculomotor (II),
* Abducens (VI),
* Trochlear (IV)
93
When do we start Colorectal Exam?
* 50, every 5-10 years
* colostomy
* ocult blood test
94
Testing the deep tendon reflexes gives the examiner information regarding the intactness of the:
reflex arc at specific levels in the spinal cord
95
Automatic associated movements of the body are under the control and regulation of:
basal ganglia
96
Pronation and supination of the hand and forearm are hte result of the articulation of the
* Radius
* Ulna
97
A patient comes into the ER reporting he is in pain, what factors are related to pain
* guarding
* diaphoresis
* increased heart rate
* change in appetitie
98
Assessments for EOM
1. Corneal Light Reflex
2. 6 Cardinal Positions
3. Confrontation Test
4. CN 3,4,6
99
degeneration of joint cartilage and the underlying bone, most common from middle age onward. It causes pain and stiffness, especially in the hip, knee, and thumb joints.
Osteoarthritis
100
he relative proportion of glandular, fibrous, and fatty tissue depends on...x5
* age,
* cycle
* pregnancy
* lactation
* nutritional state.
101
Cerebellar function is assesed by which of the following tests?
coordination, hop on one foot
102
moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder
circumduction
103
the landau reflex in an infant is seen when
the baby raises the head and arches the back as in a swan dive
104
During the examination of an infant, use a cotton tipped applicator to stimulate the anal sphincter. The absence of a response suggests a lesion of
S2
105
When assessing the abdomen, what position do you put the patient?
Supine with knees flexed
106
Bundles of muscle fibers that compose skeletal muscle are identified as:
fasciculi
107
Superficial reflexes test
* the sensory receptor in the skin;
* motor response is a localized muscle contraction
108
moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground
retraction
109
Which of the following vital signs are characteristic of an aging adult?
1. Decreased temperature
2. Decreased sweating
3. Increased risk of orthostatic hypotension
110
What is the best position for inspecting the breasts for retraction?
Sitting with hand pushing onto hips
111
a partial or incomplete paralysis
paresis
112
the sense of balance.
Vestibular function
113
fibrous bands running directly from one bone to another.
ligaments
114
characterized by hard, nontender nodules, 2 to 3 mm or more
Osteoarthritis
115
During assessment of the spine, what do you ask the patient?
* Flex
* Extend
* Abduct
* Rotate
116
To assess range of motion
the leg should be abducted and adducted with the knee extended.
117
An ER nurse is assessing a female patient who has a blunt injury to the chest wall, what would be a sign of pneumothorax
diminished breath sounds
118
higher motor system that permits very skilled and purposeful movements such as writing.
corticospinal tract.
119
Define the Romberg Test
* A positive Romberg sign is loss of balance that occurs when closing the eyes
* occurs with cerebellar ataxia, loss of proprioception, and loss of vestibular function.
120
An Area not commonly associated with pain
inramuscular
121
The presence of primitive reflexes in a newborn infant is indicative of:
immaturity of the nervous system.
122
moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle
eversion
123
Often seen with history of trauma or obesity, and can be genetic
osteoarthritis
124
Average Age for breast development in Caucasians?
10 years
125
Nutrition to reduce risk of colon cancer
high fiber
126
3 areas of the Glasgow Coma Scale
1. eye opening
2. motor response to stimuli
3. verbal response
127
What is the gastrocolic Reflex
a peristaltic wave
128
Benign Breast Characteristics
1. Soft
2. Well Defined Margins
3. Freely moveable
129
in the temporal lobe is associated with language comprehension
Wernicke's Area
130
How long does Breast development precede after menstruation?
2 years
131
How often should males 15 y/o+ do a testicular self exam?
Once a month
132
The divisions of the spinal vertebrae include:
* Cervical,
* thoracic,
* lumbar,
* sacral,
* coccygeal.
133
The nurse assess a patient with osteoarthritis, what would be an expected sign/symptom?
* stiff knees, hips, fingers, and vertebrae
134
weak, soft, and flabby; lacking normal muscle tone.
flaccidity
135
When testing for muscle strength, the examiner should:
* apply an opposing force when the individual puts a joint in flexion or extension.
136
How often should a women age 40-49 get a mammogram?
Every Year
