exam 4: old questions

Question 1

Vitamins are grouped into two categories based on their solubility. One of the following vitamins is soluble in fat, but among other functions, it plays an important role in vision, and its deficiency could result in sterility that could be revered with an adequate supply of the vitamin in the diet of the animal

Answer 1

vitamin A

Question 2

intrinsic factor, secreted by ______ plays an important role in the absorption of vitamin ____ in the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 2

gastric mucosal cells
vitamin B12

Question 3

from a nutritional point of view, this vitamin is closely associated with the metabolism of calcium

Answer 3

vitamin D

Question 4

a couple of months after you changed the supplied of the feed you noticed that your animals were showing signs of ill health. You invited your veterinarian to assist you in determining the cause. After conducting postmortem analysis, you were informed that there were hemorrhages throughout the body due to a result of fragile capillaries and that this could have been caused by a vitamin deficiency. Which vitamin do you think is responsible?

Answer 4

vitamin C

Question 5

This vitamin is also known as antirachitic

Answer 5

vitamin D

Question 5

This vitamin is also known as antirachitic

Answer 5

vitamin D

Question 6

in class we learned that these 3D’s dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia are associated with what deficiency

Answer 6

niacin

Question 7

you recently recieved a call from a livestock producer who recently became a customer. She informed you that she recently noticed that the cornea of some of her livestock is highly vascularized. what vitamin is responsible?

Answer 7

riboflavin

Question 8

The staple food of a tribe consists of white rice and bread. This diet typically has been shown to be deficient in folic acid. THis deficiency could lead to __________ in pregnant women

Answer 8

megaloblastic

Question 9

which of the following could lead to pernicious anemia

Answer 9

folic acid deficiency
B12 deficiency

Question 10

____________ and ____________ are necessary for the synthesis of niacin

Answer 10

pyridoxine
tryptophan

Question 11

carotene occurs in different forms. The most active (most potent) all trans isomer of carotenoids occur in the form of

Answer 11

beta-carotene

Question 12

avidin, a protein in egg white, is antagonistic to this vitamin

Answer 12

biotin

Question 13

this vitamin has a relatively higher requirement in high-protein diets because it plays an important role in protein metabolism

Answer 13

vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)

Question 14

one of the most important functions of all vitamins is the role they play in the metabolic reactions in the body (cells) of livestock (serve as coenzymes). As discussed in class, which vitamin does not act as a coenzyme

Answer 14

choline

Question 15

this vitamin plays an important role in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine

Answer 15

vitamin B12

Question 16

high levels of formiminoglutamic acid in the urine of livestock is an indication of __________deficiency

Answer 16

folic acid

Question 17

about 10 amino acids are dietary essential because they cannot be synthesized endogenously or they cannoth be synthesized in sufficient quantities that can meet the animals requirements. In addition to this, one of these essential amino acids can be used to synthesize niacin in the presence of vitamin B6. THis amino acid from which niacin can be synthesized is

Answer 17

tryptophan

Question 18

pyridoxine exits in three forms. Generally the most active form of the three is

Answer 18

pyridoxal phosphate

Question 19

there is high levels of dicoumarol in spoiled sweet clover. When livestock graze on a field that contains spoiled sweet clover, which of the following vitamins is negatively affected by this compound (dicoumarol)

Answer 19

vitamin K

Question 20

the deficiency symptoms of this vitamin include problems with normal hoof growth, spectaceld eye factor, and dermatitis

Answer 20

biotin

Question 21

_________ plays an important role in propionate metabolism in ruminant animals

Answer 21

biotin

Question 22

There is an accumulation of the intermediate of carbohydrate metabolism in the absence of this vitamin

Answer 22

thiamin

Question 23

T/F total gastrectomy could lead to pernicious anemia

Answer 23

true

Question 24

T/F the accumulation of pyruvic acid and lactic acid is caused by the deficiency of vitamin B2

Answer 24

false; B1 thiamine

Question 25

chemical formula for vitamin A

Answer 25

C20H30O

Question 26

T/F another term for vitamin A is retinol

Answer 26

true

Question 27

T/F post aborption, pyridoxine is phosphorylated in the kidney

Answer 27

False; liver

Question 28

T/F cyanocobalamin is another name for vitamin B12

Answer 28

true

Question 29

Curled toe paralysis in chicks is a deficiency symptom of __________

Answer 29

riboflavin

Question 30

pyrithiamin is an antivitamin of pantothenic acid T/F

Answer 30

False; pantoyltaurine and methylpantothenic acid

Question 31

both tocopherol and tocotrienol have 4 different isomers T/F

Answer 31

true

Question 32

at the center of the molecular structure of vitamin B12 is __________

Answer 32

cobalt

Question 33

this vitamin plays an important role in the transfer of one carbon unit

Answer 33

folic acid

Question 34

this vitamin functions as a prosthetic group for a series of enzymes that incorporate carbon dioxide into organic linkage

Answer 34

biotin

Question 35

important in transamination process

Answer 35

pyridoxine

Question 36

3M's is associated with what vitamin

Answer 36

niacin

Question 37

constituent of coenzyme A

Answer 37

pantothenic acid

Question 38

chastek paralysis in fox/braken fern poisoning

Answer 38

thiamine

Question 39

biological carrier of one carbon group

Answer 39

folic acid

Question 40

berberi (wet or dry)

Answer 40

thiamine

Question 41

hydroxylation of proline

Answer 41

vitamin C

Question 42

natural antioxidant

Answer 42

vitamin E

Question 43

flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is associated with

Answer 43

riboflavin

Question 44

oxybiotin

Answer 44

biotin

Question 45

hemorrhagic sweet clover disease

Answer 45

vitamin K

Question 46

coenzyme in several enzyme systems in protien/amino acid metabolism

Answer 46

pyridoxine

Question 47

animal protein factor

Answer 47

vitamin B12

Question 48

C10H16O3N2S

Answer 48

Biotin

Question 49

this vitamin is a donor of methyl group that is mediated through its role of forming SAM

Answer 49

choline

Question 50

with regards to pellagra, high intake of molasses could lead to

Answer 50

diarrhea

Question 51

deficiency of this vitamin results in xeropthalmia

Answer 51

vitamin A

Question 52

functions of vitamin C include

Answer 52

hydroxylation of proline tyrosine metabolism antihistamine

Question 53

main storehouse of vitamin A

Answer 53

liver

Question 54

most popular synthetic form of vitamin A

Answer 54

palmitate

Question 55

which all trans isomer is most potent

Answer 55

beta-carotene

Question 56

this vitamin is not stored in the body, pigs are the excpetions

Answer 56

thiamine

Question 57

the degenerative changes in the testes of an animal as a result of this vitamin is not reversible

Answer 57

vitamin E

Question 58

in the absence of relative potency of vitamin A isomer, which is the most potent

Answer 58

all trans

Question 59

in the absence of this vitamin, pyruvic acid and lactate accumulation in the blood and tissue of an animal

Answer 59

thiamine

Question 60

the vitamin that is phosphorylated in the liver post absorption and is involved in protien/amino acid metabolism is

Answer 60

pyridoxine

Question 61

in addition to transamination, this vitamin plays a role in decarboxylation reactions in the body of an animal

Answer 61

pyridoxine

Question 62

Avidin is a protien in egg white, is antagonistic to

Answer 62

biotin

Question 63

the following are symptoms of pellegra in man except dermatitis loss of appetite nausea fetal reabsorption

Answer 63

fetal reabsorption

Question 64

this vitamin is sensitive to acid, base and heat and is normally sold as its calcium salt. It is also involved in the acetylation of choline

Answer 64

pantothenic acid

Question 65

this vitamin occurs in natural and in natural products in bound form and serves as a prosthetic group for a series of enzymes that incorporate co2 into organic linkage

Answer 65

biotin

Question 66

this vitamin is involved in tyrosine metabolism

Answer 66

vitamin C

Question 67

done of the vitamins occurs in two forms, readily oxidized and dehydroform. However both are biologically active which vitamin is it

Answer 67

C

Question 68

this vitamin serves as a donor of methyl groups mediated through its role in forming SAM

Answer 68

choline

Question 69

as a result of pancreatic cancer, the pancrase of a cow is completely removed bu the animal is supplied with adequate insulin. despite this, the animal developed fatty liver, what vitamin causes this

Answer 69

choline

Question 70

definition of antivitamins

Answer 70

compounds that inhibit vitamins in some manner

Question 71

definition of provitamins

Answer 71

compounds that give rise to the vitamins

Question 72

difference between vitamin A and carotenoids

Answer 72

vitamin A is only in animals carotenoids are in plants

Question 73

what is tetrahydrofolic acid

Answer 73

the version of folic acid that serves as a biological carrier for C1

Question 74

how does overwintering affect vitamin A in beef cattle

Answer 74

most vitamin A comes from plants so when overwintered, it will dry out the plant and make it loss its vitamin A amounts compared to what it would normally be lead to vitamin A deficiency

Question 75

the relationship between pyridoxine and tryptophan

Answer 75

necessary for the synthesis of niacin

Question 76

how is choline different from other B vitamins

Answer 76

doesnt really qualify as a vitamin from fat and nerve tissue doesn't act as a coenzyme

Question 77

animal shows signs of fatigue and rising levels of pyruvic acid and lactic acid in its blood and tissues. Explain what is occurring and what tissue it primarily affected

Answer 77

In the absence of thiamine, the process of of pyruvic acid turning into acetyl CoA does not proceed at a normal rate muscles and nerves

Question 78

what is polyneuritis in birds

Answer 78

accumulation of intermediates of CHO metabolism a peripheral nerve degenerations