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Nutrition > old exam questions for nutrition final > Flashcards

old exam questions for nutrition final Flashcards

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1
Q

list 4 of of the 5 properties of water discussed in class

A

high specific heat
high enthalpy
high dielectric constant
high heat of vaporization

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2
Q

list the two main locations of water in the body of an animal

A

extracellular
intracellular

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3
Q

fatty acids have two ends, what are they

A

carboxylic acid– head -COOH
methyl end–tail–CH3

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4
Q

glucose is completely metabolized into 38 ATP. This process has three stages, what are they

A

glycolysis
TCA cycle
electron transport cycle

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5
Q

what is the relative proportion of ATP that is produced in the electron transport chain

A

60-70%
(greater than 60%)

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6
Q

list the substrates used to generate ATPs in the electron stage

A

NADH
FADH2

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7
Q

VFA: acetate

A

high proportion of VFA produced
highest contribution of heat increment

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8
Q

VFA: propionate

A

medium proportion of VFA produced
lowest contribution of heat increment

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9
Q

VFA: butyrate

A

lowest proportion of VFA produced
medium contribution of heat increment

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10
Q

relationship between ATP and phosphocreatine

A

ATP:
compound of body that traps energy and releases it when needed
high energy phosphate bond

Phosphocreatine:
in muscle with little ATP
high energy phosphate bond
used to replenish ATP
ATP made in muscle
new ATP made from phosphorus

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11
Q

acidic amino acid

A

aspartic acid
glutamic acid

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12
Q

sulfur-containing amino acid

A

cysteine
methionine

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13
Q

neutral amino acids

A

glycine
serine

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14
Q

basic amino acids

A

arginine
lysine

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15
Q

aromatic amino acids

A

tyrosine
phenylalanine

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16
Q

water released during post absorptive use of nutrients is known as

A

metabolic water

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17
Q

does decreasing the salt content of the diet by .3% compared to regular salt content does what to water intake

A

no change

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18
Q

does a drop in outdoor temp to 55 from 95 degrees increase or decrease water intake

A

decrease

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19
Q

a dairy cow that produced 70lb of milk per day compared to 50lb of milk has an increased or decreased need of water

A

increased

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20
Q

a non-pregnant animal compared to a pregnant animal has an increased or decreased water need

A

decreased

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21
Q

what facilitates greater digestibility of fats/fatty acids

A

shorter chain length
more double bonds
more bile salts

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22
Q

name the 3M’s and the 3D’s

A

Meat
Molasses
Meal (corn)

Dermatitis
Diarrhea
Dementia

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23
Q

Cyanocobalamin is another name for

A

vitamin B12

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24
Q

folic acid deficiency is mostly produced by simple dietary deficiency T/F

A

false

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25
what vitamin is stable in acid rather than alkaline
vitamin C
26
pellegra (in man) or black tongue disease in dog is a deficiency symptom of
niacin
27
are vitamins organic or inorganic
organic
28
this group of anima requires a dietary source of folic acid
poultry
29
one of the functions of this mineral and vitamin E is similar to
selenium
30
define THFA
tetrahydrofolic acid: a version of folic acid that serves as a biological carrier of C1 the active ingredient in folic acid intermediate in histidine metabolism
31
serves as a donor of methyl
choline
32
serves as a prosthetic group for a series of enxymes that incorporate CO2 into organic linkage
biotin
33
constituent of coenzyme A
pantothenic acid
34
tyrosine metabolism
vitamin C
35
antimetabolite of vitamin K
dicumarol
36
antivitamin of vitamin B1
pyrithiamine
37
hydroxylation of proline
vitamin C
38
animal protein factor
intrinsic factor
39
are B vitamins dietary essential for cows
no once they develop a functioning rumen, the rumen can produce them
40
are B vitamins dietary essential for horses
yes most activity occurs in the hindgut= too late to absorb
41
are B vitamins dietary essential for cats
yes not much bacteria prior to large intestine, true carnivore
42
are B vitamins dietary essential for rabbits
no rely on feces eating, wont really absorb unless they eat
43
what nature of the diet do you think could stimulate high volume of saliva production
dry matter feed
44
what is the importance of high volume of saliva production in ruminant animals
saliva acts as a lubricant and buffer allowing food to pass easier keeps pH to stay in correct range
45
the 4 GI peptide hormones
gastrin secreting CCK somatostatin
46
origin and function of gastrin
pyloric antrum of stomach/ abomasum stimulate acid secretion by gastric glands
47
origin and function of secretin
duodenal mucosa stimulate bicarbonate
48
origin and function of CCK
duodenal mucosa and brain contract gallbladder and pancreas inhibit gastric secretion
49
origin and function of somatostatin
duodenum nerve cells of GI inhibit gastrin, secretin, CCK, ion transport
50
enzyme for maltose, lactose, sucrose
maltase lactase sucrase
51
maltose is composed of
glucose glucose
52
lactose is composed of
glucose galactose
53
sucrose is composed of
glucose fructose
54
types of digestion
fermentation simple hydrolytic
55
animals that perform fermentation
cattle sheep
56
animals that perform simple hydrolytic digestion
dog pig
57
function of the esophageal groove
allows milk to go straight to abomasum
58
in what group do esophageal grooves found
young ruminants
59
class of nutrients
protein lipids water vitamin carbs minerals
60
what are feed additives
Various nonnutritive substances added to a ration to: 1.Stimulate growth or other types of performance. 2.Improvement of feed utilization or feed efficiency. 3.Improving the health of the animal.
61
what are mycotoxins
toxins that are produced by certain molds
62
T/F molds are anaerobic multicellular organisms
false; aerobic
63
T/F bacteria growth requires less available water vs. mold growth
false; more
64
T/F all molds produce mycotoxins
false
65
T/F FDA regulates the usage levels of allowable combinations of exogenous enzymes supplementation
false
66
T/F in general, most feed additives produce their response in young, rapidly growing animals
true
67
what kind of animals GI tract is this
dog
68
what animals GI tract is this
rabbit
69
what animals GI tract is this
sheep
70
what animals GI tract is this
pig
71
what animals GI tract is this
pony
72
what animals GI tract is this
kangaroo
73
what animals GI tract is this
rat
74
what animals GI tract is this
mink
75
what animals GI tract is this
dog
76
this calls of nutrients are all inorganic
minerals
77
on as is basis like fresh ground meat, water is the most abundant class of nutrient (in %) in the animals body T/F
True
78
as a plant matures, dry matter decreases T/F
false
79
the midgut consist of
duodenum jejunum ileum
80
gastric secretion consist of
HCl and pepsinogen
81
oxalacetate
TCA
82
succinate
TCA
83
dihydroxyacetone phosphate
glycolysis
84
alpha-ketoglutarate
TCA
85
phosphoenol pyruvate
glycolysis
86
1,3 biphosphoglycerate
glycolysis
87
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
glycolysis
88
citric acid
TCA
89
malate
TCA
90
pyruvate
glycolysis
91
aldolase
glycolysis
92
enolase
glycolysis
93
citrate synthase
TCA
94
glucokinase
glycolysis
95
succinate dehydrogenase
TCA
96
triose phosphate isomerase
glycolysis
97
succinyl CoA synthase
TCA
98
the fundamental difference between feces and excreta
excreta has uric acid
99
newer cells are produced in the _____ at the base of the villus and as these cells mature, they migrate to the top. During migrations these cells differentiate into goblet cells. What do goblet cells produce?
crypt mucin

Nutrition (14 decks)

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