Exam 4 part 1 Flashcards

(28 cards)

1
Q

Where do cells come from

A

Preexisting cells

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2
Q

two types of cell division

A

Meiosis and mitosis

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3
Q

Meiosis produces

A

gametes (eggs and sperm)

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4
Q

Mitosis produces

A

somatic cells

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5
Q

Somatic cells

A

all other cells in the human body that arent reproductive cells

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6
Q

Mitosis and meiosis are both accompanied by

A

cytokinesis

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7
Q

cytokinesis

A

the division of the cytoplasm

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8
Q

How many daughter cells does meiosis form? identical or not?

A

4 daughter cells that have half the amount of material as the parent making them non identical

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9
Q

How many daughter cells does mitosis form? identical or not?

A

2 daughter cells because the genetic material is copied and divided between the two making them identical

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10
Q

What are the three key events that mitosis and cytokinesis are responsible for in multicellular eukaryotes

A

• Growth
• Wound repair
Asexual reproduction

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11
Q

How many types of chromosomes are in the human genome

A

23…but we are diploid (2n, 2 copies of each) so 46

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12
Q

Do all species have this same number of chromosomes

A

every species has a different amount of chromosomes

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13
Q

What happens in the M phase of the cell cycle

A

Mitotic phase; cell divides here

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14
Q

Does division happen in Interphase

A

no

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15
Q

When in replication occurring

A

The S phase (synthesis phase) which is part of interphase

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16
Q

What are the two gap phases

A

G1: first gap phase; occurs before S phase
G2: second gap; occurs between S phase and mitosis

17
Q

Cell division steps in order

A

G1 , S phase , G2 , Mitosis

18
Q

Which lasts longer, interphase or m phase

19
Q

What happens in prophase

A
  • Chromosomes condense and become visible in the light microscope.
  • spindle apparatus begins to form
20
Q

What happens in prometaphase

A

-start to see a breakdown of the nuclear envelope

21
Q

What happens in metaphase

A
  • formation of the mitotic spindle is complete

- chromosomes line up in the middle on metaphase plate

22
Q

What happens in anaphase

A
  • centromeres split
  • sister chromatids are pulled by the spindle fibers toward opposite poles. Now that they’ve split they are individual unreplicated chromosomes.
  • as soon as they are no longer attached at the centromere, sister chromatids become daughter chromosomes
23
Q

What happens in telophase

A

new nuclear envelope begins to form around each set of chromosomes

  • the mitotic spindle disintegrates
  • the chromosomes begin to decondense
  • mitosis is over when two independent nuclei have formed
24
Q

Cytokinesis occurs immediately after mitosis. What happens here

A

• The cytoplasm divides to form daughter cells

Each daughter cell has its own nucleus and complete set of organelles

25
how many chromatids and chromosomes does a human cell have during metaphase of mitosis
92 chromatids | 46 chromosomes
26
How do kinetochore microtubules shorten to pull daughter chromosomes apart during anaphase
The kinetochore microtubules shorten at the kinetochore to pull daughter chromosomes apart during anaphase SO microtubules break down at kinetochore and are pulling daughter chromosomes to sides of cell
27
At cytokinesis, what type of organism has a cell plate
plants
28
At cytokinesis, what type of organism has a cleavage furrow
animals, fungi and slime molds