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Skin/MSk > Exam 4 skin viral infections 2 > Flashcards

Exam 4 skin viral infections 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the clinical presentations of HPV?

A

Acute: warts (penis, vulva, cervix, fingers, hands), Chronic: asymptomatic or carcinomas

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2
Q

What is the pathology of HPV?

A

transmitted by close contact, virus infections squamous basal cells, transforming to block p53 with viral protein E6, leading to benign growth

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3
Q

What is the diagnosis tool of HPV?

A

1% acetic acid turns lesions white, colposcopy + biopsy of white lesions, PCR using viral-specific primers

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4
Q

What is the treatment of HPV?

A

50% of warms regress within 2 years, Ablation, HPV vaccine

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5
Q

What is the clinical presentation of MCV?

A

pearly skin papules and nodules

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6
Q

What is the pathology of MCV?

A

Virus transmitted by casual contact and infects epidermal cells creating large eosinophilic inclusion bodies, these enlarge, rupture, become a crater

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7
Q

What is the diagnosis of MCV?

A

clinical presentation, skin biopsy (molluscum bodies)

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8
Q

Treatment of MCV?

A

Self resolves in 6-12 moths or surgically remove lesions

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9
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Smallpox?

A

rash (begins as macules, evolves to vesicles)

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10
Q

What is the pathology of smallpox?

A

2 routes of infection: 1: inhaled, virus infects respiratory mucosa, penetrates and enters blood stream, infection internal organs, release visions to infect skin (leading to focal lesions). 2: skin infected, particles collect and replicate in the epidermis forming merciless first in head then extremities, host immune response makes vesicles, crust forms and releases infectious particles

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11
Q

Diagnosis of smallpox

A

detection of vesicular fluid, serology

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12
Q

Treatment of smallpox

A

Vaccination

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13
Q

Clinical presentation of Orf virus?

A

Exanthemous disease causing denuded lesions

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14
Q

Pathology of Orf virus

A

Zoonotic disease, humans come into contact with infected sheep, virus causes local purulent-appearing papule with usually no systemic infections.

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15
Q

Diagnosis of Orf virus

A

Case history and clinical presentation

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16
Q

Treatment of Orf virus

A

1% topical cidofovir

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17
Q

Clinical presentation of Varicella zoster virus

A

Chicken pox or shingles

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18
Q

pathology of varicella/zoster virus

A

Contracted through respiratory secretions or contact with ruptured vesicles, infects respiratory tract, after 2 weeks it establishes viremia, flu like systems, dow on a rose petal, spreads centrifugally. Stops systemic, enters nerve roots

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19
Q

Diagnosis of varicella/zoster virus

A

Clinical aspect of the rash, multinucleate giants cells on Tzanck smear of skin lesions

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20
Q

Treatment of varicells/zoster

A

supportive, acyclovir or famciclovir for sever infections, Anti-VZV immunoglobulin, vaccines (live attenuated VZV)

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21
Q

What can be associated with aspirin treatment during chickenpox infection?

A

Reye’s sydrome, liver damage and encephelomyelitis

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22
Q

What is the clinical presentation of HSV 1

A

gingivostomatitis, keratoconjuctivis, herpes labialis, temporal lobe encephalitis

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23
Q

What is the pathology of HSV-1?

A

Virus is transmitted via saliva, invades mucous membranes leading to primary local infection, becoming latent in sensory ganglia

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24
Q

What is the diagnosis of HSV-1?

A

detection of virus, multinucleate giant cells on Tzanck smear, eosinophilic cowry intranuclear inclusion bodies on skin biopsy

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25
Q

Treatment of HSV-1?

A

acyclovir, trifluridine

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26
Q

Clinical presentation fo HSV-2?

A

genital herpes or neonatal herpes

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27
Q

Pathology of HSV-2?

A

Virus invades mucous membranes leading to primary local infection, becoming latent in sensory ganglia

28
Q

What is another complication of HSV-2?

A

Pregnant mother can transfer the virus to fetus through placenta or during delivery, leading to congenital defects, abortion, or neonatal encephalitis

29
Q

Diagnosis of HSV-2?

A

detection of virus, multinucleate giant cells on Tzanck smear, eosinophilic cowry intranuclear inclusion bodies on skin biopsy

30
Q

Treatment of HSV-2?

A

acyclovir, prevention (C section in infected mothers)

31
Q

Clinical presentation of Roseolovirus (HHV6 and 7)

A

Exanthem subitum (sixth disease), reaction can occur in organ transplant pts leading to encephalitis, bone marrow suppression, pneumonitis

32
Q

Pathology of Roseolovirus?

A

Usually in children 3 mos-3 yrs, transmitted through aerosols leading to an acute febrile illness, fine maculopapular rash on neck and trunk after fever.

33
Q

When does roseolovirus peak?

A

Usually in the spring

34
Q

How do you diagnose roseolovirus?

A

Clinical presentation, ELISA or indirect immunoflourescence

35
Q

Treatment of roseolovirus?

A

ganciclovir

36
Q

What are patients with Epstein-barr virus at risk for?

A

A rupture of their spleen due to splenomegaly

37
Q

clinical presentation of epstein-barr virus

A

infectious mononucleosis, limpoid organ-related cancers: Burkitt’s lymphoma, nasopharyngeal cancer

38
Q

What is the pathology of Epstein-barr virus?

A

transmitted via saliva/respiratory, infects oropharynx epithelium, infects B cells where it remains latent as episomal DNA, they then transform and multiply, creating an immune response to B cells that leads to enlarged lymph nodes and spleen

39
Q

What is the diagnosis of Epstein-barr infection?

A

monospot test (detects heterophil antibody), blood smear, detection of certain antibodies (Anti-EBV IgM and IgG)

40
Q

Treatment of epstein-barr virus

A

acyclovir in severe cases

41
Q

what is a complication of Parvovirus B19?

A

chronic severe enemia

42
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Parvovirus B19

A

erythema infectiosum, transit aplastic anemia crisis

43
Q

Pathology of Parvovirus B19?

A

Infects nasal cavity, 6 days incubation, lysis erythroid precursor cells in bone marrow, immune complexes form leading to slapped cheeks

44
Q

Diagnosis of parvovirus B19?

A

detect viral DNA, serology

45
Q

Treatment of parvovirus B19

A

supportive, RBC transplant, in immunocompromised individuals: Ig transfer

46
Q

What is coxsackievirus A and B also known as?

A

hand-foot-and-mouth disease

47
Q

Clinical presentation of coxsackie A?

A

Herpangia, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, aseptic meningitis, paralysis, upper respiratory tract infection

48
Q

clinical presentation of coxsackie B

A

pleurodynia myocarditis, pericarditis, aseptic meningitis, paralysis, upper respiratory tract infection

49
Q

Pathology of coxsackie A and B?

A

Infected via aerosols or fecal oral route, virus travels to GI, virus spreads through blood stream, infecting and lysing skin and mucosal epithelium (group A), Group B travels to heart and pleural surfaces, both can travel to meninges and anterior motor neurons to cause meningitis and paralysis

50
Q

Diagnosis of coxsackie

A

Isolate virus, serology

51
Q

Treatment of coxsackie

A

symptomatic infections, anti-inflammatory agents, 0 antiviral or vaccines

52
Q

Clinical presentation of ECHO virus

A

Acute febrile illness often in male children, non-specific exanthem

53
Q

Pathology of ECHO virus

A

Fecal-oral route, salivary aerosols, can be fatal to neonates, myocarditis in adults, sometimes just non-specific illness with fever, possibly rash that spreads from face down neck and upper extremities

54
Q

Treatment of ECHO virus

A

supportive, pleconaril

55
Q

What are the two most common reasons for measles hospitalizations?

A

respiratory tract infections, pneumonia

56
Q

What is the clinical presentation of measles virus?

A

Rubeola, flue-like symptoms, Koplik’s spots followed by a rash, encephalitis, subacute sclerosing panaencephalitis

57
Q

Pathology of measles virus

A

Spread via aerosol droplets, infects and destroys epithelial cells, first and secondary viremia infecting other areas of body. infection promotes inflammation of capillaries leading to Koplik’s spots and rash

58
Q

Diagnosis of the measles virus

A

Isolate virus from nasopharyngeal secretions, blood, urine. Warthin-Finkeldey cells in respiratory secretions, Serology.

59
Q

Treatment of measles

A

Vaccine of a live-attenuated virus in the MMR vaccine, sever cases in infants treated w/ high doses of vitamin A

60
Q

Clinical presentation of Rubella Virus

A

Fever followed by descending rash, congenital rubella: congenital malformations (deafness, patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonary artery stenosis, cataracts, microencephaly)

61
Q

Pathology of rubella virus

A

Transmitted through aerosols, infects nasopharynx, replicates in local lymph node. Spreads via bloodstream, Ab reaction leads to maculopapular rash starting in face and going to extremities. Can cross placenta during first trimester and infect fetus

62
Q

Diagnosis of rubella virus

A

detection of anti-rubella Abs, IgM if recent infection, IgG if immune. Virus in amniocentesis indicates congenital rubella.

63
Q

Treatment of rubella virus

A

self-limiting (no anti-viral), Vaccine (MMR)

64
Q

Clinical presentation of west nile virus

A

Fever, fatigue, headache, myalgia, anorexia, eye pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash. Neuroinvasive disease that can cause encephalitis or meningitis

65
Q

Pathology of west nile virus

A

Spread via mosquitos, birds, humans, Replicates in langerhans cells which go to lymph nodes and subsequent infection of multiple organs including CNS

66
Q

Diagnosis of west nile virus

A

IgM Ab in serum or CSF, PCR of the CSF

67
Q

Treatment of west nile virus

A

None: supportive, prevent mosquito bites

Skin/MSk (31 decks)

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