Exam 4 Study

Question 1

3 criteria of abnormal behavior

Answer 1

1. deviant
2. maladaptive
3. personally distressful

Question 2

deviant/disruptive behavior

Answer 2

statistically atypical, deviates from cultural norms

Question 3

maladaptive/dysfunctional behavior

Answer 3

compromise ability to lead satisfying life, function effectively, or dangerous to self/others

Question 4

personally distressful behavior

Answer 4

the person finds it troubling

Question 5

biopsychosocial approach

Answer 5

• recognizes all 3 abnormal behavior criteria as potential influences of behavior
• recognizes that psychological disorders are caused by multiple factors
• recognizes that pre-existing conditions can put an individual at risk of developing a psychological disorder

Question 6

vulnerabitlity stress model versus diathesis stress model

Answer 6

part of biopsychosocial approach

vulnerability stress - model that points out that a positive outcome of psychiatric disorder is more likely if environmental stress is minimized or managed, meds are taken and alcohol.drug is avoided

diathesis stress - model that believes that mental and physical disorders develop from a genetic or biological predisposition for that illness combined with stressful conditions

Question 7

Purposes of classification

Answer 7

• understand, treat, prevent, predict
• communication between clinicians
• billing/managed care
• DSM and ICD

Question 8

DSM (diagnostic statistical manual) critiques

Answer 8

• relies too much on social norms and subjective judgements
• too many new categories without sufficient evidence
• loosened standards to meet criteria
• heterogeneity of presentation
• comorbidity
• focuses on problems, not strengths

Question 9

neuro developmental disorders

Answer 9

• diagnosed in childhood
• often due to genetic differences, atypical brain development, prenatal exposure to teratogens
• include communication disorders, learning disabilities, intellectual disabilities, etc

Question 10

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Answer 10

• excessive anxiety and worry
• fatigue
• restlessness
• increased muscle aches and soreness
• impaired concentration
• irritability
• difficulty sleeping

Question 11

OCD criteria

Answer 11

• presence of obsessions, compulsions or both
• these are time consuming and/or cause significant distress
  -obsessions - recurrent and persistent thoughts, THOUGHTS
  -compulsions - repetitive behaviors, ACTIONS

Question 12

OCD cycle

Answer 12

obsessions > anxiety > relief > compulsions

Question 13

Major depressive disorder

Answer 13

5 or more of the following during a 2 week period:
- depressed mood most of the day
- diminished interest or pleasure
- significant weight or appetite changes
- insomnia or hypersomnia
- psychomotor changes
- fatigue
- feelings of worthlessness
- difficulty concentrating
- suicidal ideation

Question 14

Persistent Depressive Disorder

Answer 14

when major depressive disorder symptoms last for 2 years

Question 15

mania

Answer 15

manic episode versus hypomanic episode
Common symptoms: decreased need for sleep, high sex drive, noticeability talking more, feeling euphoric, engaging in risky behavior (self harm, spending lots of money), increased energy levels

Question 16

manic episode

Answer 16

Bipolar 1
abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy, lasting at least 1 week

Question 17

hypomanic episode

Answer 17

bipolar 2
4 consecutive days of manic behavior

Question 18

physical indications of fight or flight response

Answer 18

dilated pupils
pale/flushed skin
trembling
rapid HB and breathing

Question 19

GAS - general adaption syndrome

Answer 19

identified by Hans Selye
Our stress response system defends, then fatigue
3 phases
phase 1 - alarm reaction
phase 2 - resistance
phase 3 - exhaustion

Question 20

functions of stress

Answer 20

• stress can invigorate our lives by arousing and motivating us
• an unstressed life would not be challenging or productive
• stress keeps us safe
• stress reactions are related to self-preservation and species-preservation

Question 21

functions of anger

Answer 21

• anger exists to promote survival
• anger can be motivating
• anger serves as a social and personal value indicator and regulator
• anger can be used as a “bargaining tool” and can increase cooperation
• anger can alert us to injustices

Question 22

social determinants of health

Answer 22

• economic stability
• education access and quality
• health care access and quality
• neighborhood and built environment
• social and community context
• institutionalized discrimination = chronic stress

Question 23

emotion focused coping skills

Answer 23

exercise, take a bath, give yourself a pep talk, meditate

Question 24

problem focused coping skills

Answer 24

work on managing time, ask for support, establish healthy boundaries, create a to-do list

Question 25

internal and external locus

Answer 25

external: negative thoughts such as "why is it always me, there's nothing I can do about my future, why bother", etc. internal: positive thoughts such as "I determine my future, im going to give this a go, why not, I make things happen", etc.

Question 26

social support

Answer 26

social support calms us, lowers blood pressure, reduces stress hormones and leads to strong immune functioning

Question 27

religion

Answer 27

a religious involvement can lead to: healthy behavior, social support and positive emotions which can lead to: better physical stress

Question 28

influences on well-being

Answer 28

emotional ups and downs tend to balance out over the long run we overestimate the duration of our emotions and underestimate our resiliency

Question 29

adaptation level phenomenon

Answer 29

tendency to form judgements relative to our prior experience

Question 30

relative deprivation

Answer 30

perception that one is worse off than those in comparison

Question 31

happy people tend to:

Answer 31

have high self esteem be optimistic, outgoing, agreeable have close, positive and lasting relationships have work and leisure that engage their skills have an active religious faith sleep well and exercise

Question 32

happiness is not related to these factors:

Answer 32

age gender physical attractiveness

Question 33

schizophrenia

Answer 33

schizo = "split" phrenia = "mind" - the mind is split from reality - treatment can help - only 1 in 7 make a full recovery

Question 34

positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 34

innapropriate behaviors are present

Question 35

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 35

appropriate behaviors are absent

Question 36

disturbed perceptions and beliefs of schizophrenia

Answer 36

hallucinations and delusions

Question 37

schizophrenia brain abnormalities

Answer 37

dopamine overactivity with positive symptoms abnormal activity low in the frontal lobes abnormal anatomy - enlarged fluid ventricles

Question 38

schizophrenia in prenatal - what can cause

Answer 38

low birth weight, maternal diabetes, older mom, and oxygen deprivation at delivery fetal viral infections

Question 39

dissociative disorders

Answer 39

controversial and rare conscious awareness dissociates two or more distinct personalities which deny awareness of each other

Question 40

personality disorders

Answer 40

inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

Question 41

antisocial personality disorder

Answer 41

children can display this by age 8 but only half display this as adults lower emotional intelligence impulsive genetic and environmental influences reduced activation to witnessing danger