Exam 5 Flashcards
(203 cards)
1
Q
What is animal welfare
A
ensuring the human treatment of animals being used by humans
2
Q
5freedoms for animals
A
- freedom from hunger and thirst
- freedom from discomfort
- freedom from pain, injury or disease
- freedom to express normal behavior
- freedom from fear and distress
3
Q
Good state o welfare
A
healthy, comfortable
well nourished, safe
able to express innate behavior
not suffering from unpleasant states such as pain, fear, and distress
4
Q
Animal Rights definition
A
animals are equal to humans
States and humans do not have the right to use animals at all
5
Q
sentient beings
A
aware of their existence
6
Q
Animal group categories
A
animal eploitation animal use animal welfare animal rights animal liberation
7
Q
most extreme for use of animals
A
animal exploitation
8
Q
most extreme against use of animals
A
animal liberation
9
Q
Animal exploitation beliefs
A
Animals are human property
10
Q
activities of animal exploitation
A
advocate or conduct activities that are illegal such as dog or cock fighting
11
Q
beliefs of animal use
A
believe that animals exist for human use
have guidelines for the responsible care of the animals
that use of animals for food should be as painless as possible
12
Q
Examples of groups that fall under animal use
A
hunting and fishing
livestock production
rodeos
zoos
13
Q
Animal welfare organization beliefs
A
support humane treatment of animals
support spaying and neutering of animals
support euthanasia
14
Q
Activities of animal welfare organization groups
A
publicise and document cases of animal abuse in an attempt to change laws
work within existing laws to accomplish their goals
15
Q
Animal rights organization beliefs
A
animals have intrinsic rights which should be guaranteed like human rights
16
Q
Animal liberation group beliefs
A
animals should not be forced to work or produce for human benefit
that animals, including pets, should be liberated
17
Q
Local SPCA group
A
animal welfare
18
Q
Local animal center
A
animal welfare
19
Q
only intake facility for wake county
A
wake county animal center
20
Q
how do animals leave the animal shelter
A
adoption, euthanasia, reclaim
21
Q
HSUS
A
human society of the united states
22
Q
PETA
A
people for ethical treatment of animals
animal rights
23
Q
HSUS
A
human society of the united states
animal rights
24
Q
ALF
A
Animal liberation front
25
Issue with ALF
conduct illegal activities
| on FBI domestic terrorist list
26
economic pressures on companies for animal welfare
demand accountability in terms of how animals are raised
27
Mcdonalds and animal use
the first to adopt research based animal welfare guidelines
28
Farming and Animal Welfare
farmers consider animal welfare
29
AVMA
contains 8 principles of animal welfare
30
* integrated principles of animal welfare
- Responsible use
- Balancing scientific and societal values
- environment and care
- minimize suffering
- housing evaluation
- conservation of the population
- humane end of life
- vet profession constantly seeking improvement with development of legislations and regulations
31
Integrated principle: Responsible use
the responsible use of animals for human purposes, such as companionship, food, fiber, recreation, work, education, exhibition, and research conducted for the benefit of both humans and animals is consistent with the veternarians oath
32
integrated principles: scientific vs societal values
decisions regarding animal care, use, and welfare shall be made by balancing scientific knowledge and professional judgement with consideration of ethical and societal values
33
integrated principle: environment and care
animals must be provided water, food, proper handling, health care, and an environment appropriate to their care and use, with thoughtful consideration for their species typical biology and behavior
34
integrated principle: minimizing suffering
animals should be cared for in ways that minimize fear, pain, stress, and suffering
35
integrated principle: housing
procedures related to animal housing, management, care, and use should be continuously evaluated when indicated, refined or replaced
36
integrated principle: conservation
conservation and management of animal populations should be human, socially responsible, and scientifically prudent
37
integrated principles: death
animals shall be treated with respect and dignity throughout their lives and, when necessary, provided a human death
38
integrated principle: veterinary profession
the vet profession shall continually strive to improve animal health and welfare through scientific research, education, collaboration, advocacy, and the development of legislation and regulations
39
integrated principle: veterinary profession
the vet profession shall continually strive to improve animal health and welfare through scientific research, education, collaboration, advocacy, and the development of legislation and regulations
40
FVE
federation of veterinarians of europe
41
CVMA
Canadian vet med association
42
where are the five freedoms documented
internationally accepted
| under AVMA policies
43
Policies enacted by AVMA
```
ownership vs guardianship
animal abuse and neglect
euthanasia of unwanted/unfit animals
livestock handling
pain in animals
```
44
Animal welfare act
U.S law
every university or corporation that uses animals for education or research must have an IACUC
all activities must be reviewed and approved by a group of scientists
45
IACUC
institutional animal care and use committee
46
responsibilities of the IACUC
review all activities involving animal use
| inspect all facilities in which animals are housed or procedures on animals are performed (including teaching)
47
Spectrum of animal rights
most people do not fit into any one category that we have discussed
48
Spectrum of animal rights
most people do not fit into any one category that we have discussed
49
differences in llamas and alpacas
llamas are bigger
llamas only have fiber down to the hock joint
llamas have banana ears
50
are llamas and alpacas considered livestock?
yes
51
purpose of dubbing llamas and alpacas livestock
must be zoned for livestock
| tax purposes
52
hybrid of llama and alpaca?
different genus for each but have the same number of chromosomes and can interbreed
53
llama genus
lama glama
54
aplaca genus
vicugna pacos
55
first domestication of llamas and alpacas
south america
5,000 years ago
because cold
56
purpose of domestication of llamas
pack animals and meat
57
purpose of domestication of alpacas
fine fiber and meat
58
How do llamas and alpacas differ from sheep and goats
- 3 compartment stomach
- designated defecation area
- walk on soft pad
- breeding
- induced ovulators
- 4 teats
59
compartments of the llama and alpaca stomach
C1,2,3
60
where does fermentation occur in alpacas and llamas
C-1 and C-2
61
purpose of C-3
similar to abomasum in ruminants
62
C1 secreates
bicarbonate to buffer contents
63
are camelids ruminants?
no but they ruminate
64
Breeding aspects of llamas and alpacas
orgling
| kush position
65
do llamas and alpacas have estrous cycles?
nope
| theyre induced ovulators
66
How do llamas and alpacas differ from each other?
llamas are bigger
llamas have bana ears
alpacas have stronger herd instinct
alpacas have fine fiber while llamas have course fber
67
how big are llamas
400 pounds
| 45 inch at the withers
68
how big are alpacas
150 pounds
| 36 in at the withers
69
llamas can be used how because of their independence
as guard animals for alpacas, sheep, or goats
| must be castrated males
70
Types of alpacas
Huacaya
| Suri
71
Huacaya
fleece resembles fine wool
72
Suri
fleece is in locks and look similar to an angora goat
73
Most llamas and alpacas are
very gentle but can have behavioral issues
74
Behavior issues in llamas and alpacas
- spit
- chest butting/kicking
- aberrant behavior syndrome
75
Llama spit
actually contents from their first stomach compartment
76
aberrant behavior syndrome
seen in hand raised males
consider humans to be peers
and will challenge a human after reaching puberty
77
Challenges with llamas and alpacas
Incisors keep growing and can develop fighting teeth
Can die from hypothermia in summers
is there even a market in the area
vets?
78
What is done to prevent sunburn on alpacas and llamas
when shorned an inch is left
79
alpaca and llama vet upkeep
routine health care
meningeal worm
internal parasites
80
Food Infection
Food intoxication
81
Symptoms of food poisoning/infection
nausea
vomiting
diarrhea
82
Common food borne pathogens
norovirus
listeria
salmonella
e. coli
83
Common food borne pathogens
norovirus
listeria
salmonella
e. coli
84
Bacteria in meat
sterile in the animal and would have to be introduced
85
Most cases of food poisoning come
the consumer not understanding proper food handling, storage, and cooking
86
Potential food safety hazards
Microbial contamination
environmental contaminants
pesticide residues
food additives
87
Most common microbial contamination
bacteria
88
microbial contamination
```
molds
viruses
bacteria
yeast
parasites
```
89
inspection system in place in the US
excellent inspection to ensure that animal products with residues do not ever make it into the market place
90
FDA
approval of all pharmaceuticals used in animal production is required with years of testing done
91
Target animal
animal used to test products with more than regular dosage to simulate mistakes that could be made
92
Federal and state inspection services investigate
primary site of harvest as well as retail and wholesale outlets
93
Violating food safety laws results in
fines
94
withdrawal times
refers to period of time that product must be stopped before it can be sent for human consumption
95
Pasteurization
heated briefly to kill any pathogens in milk
96
all milk bought in stores will be
pasteurized
97
By federal law, meat and poultry manufacturers must produce
safe
wholesome
unadulterated food
98
Meat processing must abide by
HACCP
99
HACCP
hazard analysis critical control point
100
What is HACCP
a proactive approach to food safety
101
HACCP compliance
sanitation program in writing
employees must be trained in food safety
Sanitary SOP's must be followed
102
what can the consumer do to keep meat safe
clean
separate
cook
chill
103
examples of clean
washing hands
| wash cutting boards
104
examples of separate
separating raw meat from produce
105
examples to cook
cook to the correct temperature 160 F
106
Example of chill
put leftovers right in fridge
| dont thaw food at room temp
107
Protocol of meat packing
Less than 40 degrees
108
Why do we keep female calf’s in hutches
For protection for their immune system
109
Conventional dairy management
Female calf in hutch
Group housed after a couple of months
TMR: forage, corn, soybean milk (protein)
Milked on their own- mechanically
110
What isn’t allowed on organic farms for dairy
Antibiotics
BST
Feed products with ruminant
111
What kind of food would organic cows be fed?
Same thing but everything must be certified organic
112
USDA organic of organic milk:
Exclusively fed organic feed
Kept in pens with adequate space
Allowed periodic access to outdoors
Not treated with hormones or antibiotics
113
Nutritional value of organic vs conventional milk
Both are nutritious
| No health advantage for organic
114
Safety of organic vs conventional
Same
Strict government standards (pasteurization)
antibiotics only given when necessary for a prescribed time
115
Challenges of organic dairy production?
Cost
Wanting to treat your animals and not being allowed to use antibiotics
No fly control
116
What do consumers want in local meats?
```
Conventional taste
Natural
Produced without hormones
“Lean”
“Local”
“Pasture-fed”
“Organic”
“Corn fed”
```
117
What can pasture fed cows eat?
Forage only
118
What can grass fed cows eat?
Grass only -can have additional grain
119
Claims made should be
Approved and
Backed up with written protocol with producer affidavits of the program and
Affidavits that follow all animals to harvest
Records should be kept a
120
Third party certification
Organizations that set guidelines for approval that can be placed on labels for marketing
121
Examples of third party certifications
AWA: animal welfare
AGA
: animal grass fed
122
US meat sales in organic meat va regular red meat overall
Increase between 2008 and 2010 for natural and organic red meat
Same for poultry
123
What is organic?
Standard certified by a third party
124
What is required of organic farms for any meat?
No sythensized chemical fertilizers (including worm and fly control)
No antibiotics
All feed must be organic
Approved list of fees additives fertilizers and insecticides
125
Expense of organic farms
Increase expense of production so there is an increase in expense of products
126
What is natural meat?
No spices
No water
No filler
127
What can you not say on a label?
Hormone free
Antibiotic free
Organic
Happy
128
What can you say instead of hormone free
Produced without added hormones
129
What can you say besides antibiotic free ?
Produced without the use of antibiotics
130
What can you stay instead of organic
Certified organic by:
131
What can you say instead of happy on a label
Pasture raised
132
Federal regulation of hormones in pork and poultry
It is prohibited to use hormones for pork and chicken
133
What are consumers wanting to hear attributed to alternative meat
```
No added hormones
No growth antibiotics
Good animal welfare
Pasture raised
Local and or known origin
```
134
Conventional corn fed beef life
Cow/calf pasture until weaned at 7 months
Stocker operation
Feedlot (drylot) high grain to help marble
135
How are hormones added to conventional beef cattle
Implant in the ear
136
Grass fed cows
Only grass fed (no feedlot)
Family farms
No hormones or antibiotics
137
Standards for pasture raised beef cattle
No set standards
Grazing but
Can feed grain
138
Naturally raised meat production
Cattle never received growth promoting hormones or antibiotics
Not fed byproduct
139
Animal welfare meat production
```
Behave naturally and have pasture access
Family farm
AI okay but ET not
Vaccines
Antibiotics for sick
No growth hormones
```
140
Domestication of rabits
French monks during the Middle Ages
141
When were rabbits introduced in Australia?
1800s
142
What happened after the introduction of rabbits to Australia and New Zealand
Rabbit plague
143
Adult male rabbit
Buck
144
Rabbit adult female
Doe
145
Rabbit newborn
Kits
146
Birth process in rabbits
Kindling
147
Why is spaying highly recommended for rabbits
High incidence of uterine and ovarian cancer
148
Lifespan of a rabbit
5 to 12 years
149
Why are rabbits successful breeders
Induced ovulators
| Lots of little kits at a time
150
Behaviors in rabbits
Nibbling
Using a litter box
Thumping
151
Thumping
How rabbits show they’re upset
152
What kind of GI tract do rabbits have
Hindgut fermentation (digestion occurs after small intestine)
153
Coprophagy
Voluntarily consume their own feces
154
Why do rabbits eat their own feces
To get bacterial protein that was produced in the cecum
155
What are commercial rabbits fed?
Pellets with everything in it
156
What are pet rabbits fed?
Timothy hay
| Orchard grass
157
Which hay is more expensive for rabbits
Timothy hay because it only grows in cold climates
158
What hay should you not feed rabbits
Alfalfa hay because high in calcium that can cause urinary calculi
159
High grain diet in rabbits
Enteritis
| Or enterotoxemia
160
When can kits start eating adult diets
2-3 weeks
161
Where are hamsters native
Desert areas of Syria
162
What kind of tail do hampsters have
Studded
163
What kind of tail do gerbils have
Hairy long tail
164
What kind of tails do rats have
No hair long tail
165
Where are gerbils native to
Dry desert like regions of Asia an Africa
166
Nickname for gerbils
Sand rats
167
Life span of hampsters
2 to 3 years
168
What are hampsters like in nature
Solitary
Temps 65-79
Hibernate
Estimation
169
Hibernation in hampsters
Below 45 F
170
Temps above 80 in hampsters
Estivation
171
Do hampsters burrow
Yas
| Give bedding to express this
172
How do hampsters transport food
In their cheek pouches
173
Diet for hamsters
Granivorous
| Coprophagous
174
Granivorous
Seeds and grain
175
Cophrophagous
Eat their own feces
176
What do hampsters need aside from food and water
Bedding and exercise!
177
What do gerbils like to do
Burrow and play!
178
Lifespan for rats
2.5-3 years
179
Why are rats gr8 pets
```
Clean and odor free
Short lifespan
Seldom bite, unless injured
Very interactive
Groom regularly
```
180
Difference in mice and rats
Smaller
181
Gregarious
Mice live in colonies and clans and should be housed together
182
Why were ferrets domesticated
Hunting purposes
183
How many ferrets kept as pets
780,000
184
Why are ferrets illegal in some places?
California and Hawaii
| Worried about overpopulation
185
Lifespan of ferrets
5-10 years
186
Why are ferrets successful at breeding
Induced ovulators
187
When do ferrets mate
April through September
188
What can ferrets mate with
Minks but infertile progeny
189
True diet of ferrets
Carnivores
190
What kind of feed should you give ferrets
Fresh meat or canned cat foot
| No carbs or fiber!
191
Why were chinchillas initially raised
For their fur
192
Where are chinchilla native
Chile and Peru
193
How big are chinchillas
1-1.5 points and a foot long
194
How long to chinchillas live?
15-20 years
195
How do chinchillas live in the wild
In groups
196
Precautions for chinchillas
Not the best for children bc they bite out of fear
197
Chinchilla diet
Similar to guinea pig
Hay and veggies
No carbs and sugars
198
Upset behavior in guinea pigs
Grind teeth
199
Guinea pig behavior
Very gentle and love company
200
How much do guinea pigs weigh
2 pounds
201
How long do Guinea pigs live
5-6 years
202
What do guinea pigs eat
Guinea pig chow and roughages
203
What noise do guinea pigs make when they’re happy
Squeak!
