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Anatomy Lecture > EXAM 5: Head and Neck > Flashcards

EXAM 5: Head and Neck Flashcards

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1
Q

What forms the skull

A

Cranial and facial bones

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2
Q

What are paired vs. unpairs bones?

A

Paired: Have 2 of them
Unpaired: Have 1 of them

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3
Q

What are the skull functions of the cranial bones

A
  • Protect the brain
  • Attachment point for myos
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4
Q

What are the skull functions of the facial bones

A
  • Attachment point for myos
  • Form the face
  • Openings for special senses (eye and mouth)
  • Provide openings for air/food (nose, mouth)
  • Secures teeth
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5
Q

Frontal Bone:

A
  • Unpaired
  • Location: Anterior
  • Special: helps to form orbit
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6
Q

what is the orbit

A

Eyesocket

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7
Q

Temporal Bone:

A
  • Paired
  • Location: lateral
  • Special: part of zygomatic arch (cheekbone); part of temporomandibular joint
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8
Q

Occipital Bone:

A
  • Unpaired
  • Location: Posterior; base
  • Special: has foramen magnum
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9
Q

Parietal bone:

A
  • Paired
  • Location: Superior; lateral
  • Special: N/A
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10
Q

Ethmoid Bone

A
  • Unpaired
  • Location: Deep
  • Special: Helps form orbit, nasal conchae, and nasal septum
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11
Q

Sphenoid Bone:

A
  • Unpaired
  • Location: Deep
  • Special: Helps form orbit; Articulates with all other cranial bones
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12
Q

What are the cranial bones

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Temporal
  3. Occipital
  4. Parietal
  5. Ethmoid
  6. Sphenoid
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13
Q

What are the cranial sutures

A
  1. Sagittal
  2. Lambdoidal
  3. Coronal
  4. Squamosal
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14
Q

What does the sagittal suture connect?

A

2 parietal bones

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15
Q

What does the lambdoidal suture connect?

A

occipital and parietal bones

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16
Q

What does the coronal suture connect?

A

frontal and parietals

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17
Q

What does the squamosal suture connect?

A

connects the temporal and parietals
- have 2 (one on each side)

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18
Q

What type of joint are sutures

A
  • Fibrous joint
  • Synarthrotic joints
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19
Q

What are sutures

A

joint that connects bones in the skull

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20
Q

What are the facial bones

A
  1. Manidble
  2. Maxillary
  3. Zygomatic
  4. Palatine
  5. Nasal
  6. Lacrimal
  7. Vomer
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21
Q

Manidble

A
  • Unpaired
  • Location: Jawbone
  • Special: part of temporomandibular joint
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22
Q

Maxillary

A
  • Paired
  • Location: Central
  • Special: Articulated with other facial bones but not the mandible; part of hard palate: anterior
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23
Q

Zygomatic

A
  • Paired
  • Location: Cheekbone
  • Special: Part of zygomatic arch and orbit
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24
Q

Palatine

A
  • Paired
  • Location: Oral Cavity
  • Special: Hard palate: Posterior
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25
Nasal
- Paired - Location: Bridge of nose - Special: N/A
26
Lacrimal
- Paired - Location: Medial orbit - Special: Part of orbit; contains lacrimal fossa
27
Vomer
- Unpaired - Location: Nasal cavity - Special: helps form nasal septum
28
What bones make up the Hard palate?
Maxillary: Anterior portion Palatine: Posterior portion
29
What are the bones of the orbit
- Lacrimal: Medial - Zygomatic: Lateral and Inferior - Sphenoid: Posterior - Ethmoid: Posterior and medial - Frontal: Superior - Maxillary: Medial
30
What bones make up the zygomatic arch
Temporal and Zygomatic
31
What bones form the oral cavity
- Palatine: Posterior and Superior - Maxillary: Anterior and Superior - Mandible: Inferior
32
What are the meninges of the brain from superficial to deep
Skull Epidural space Dura mater Subdural space Arachnoid mater Subarachnoid space Pia mater Brain
33
How is Cerebrospinal fluid produced?
Produced by cells in ventricles of brain
34
Where is Cerebrospinal fluid located?
- Subarachnoid space - In ventricles
35
What are Cerebrospinal fluid functions?
- Buoyancy - Provide nutrients - Shock absorber
36
What are the four main regions of the brain?
- Cerebrum - Cerebellum - Diencephalon - Brainstem
37
What are gyn/gyrus?
Folds of the brain
38
What are sulci/sulcus?
Spaces between the brain
39
Cerebrum
- 2 large hemispheres (Left and right) - Origins of complex thought, intellectual factors
40
Temporal Lobe
- Interpretation of sound and smell - Memory of sound and smell - Memory - Understanding speech
40
What are the lobes of the cerebrum?
1. Frontal Lobe 2. Parietal Lobe 3. Occipital Lobe 4. Temporal Lobe 5. Insular Lobe
41
Frontal Lobe
- Planning - Personality - Talking: Speech - Concentration - Decision making - Control of skeletal myo
42
Parietal Lobe
- Interpretation of textures and shapes - Understanding speech - Formulating words (knowing what words to use)
43
Occipital Lobe
- Interpretation of sight - Vision
43
Insula
- Interpretation of taste - Memory
44
Diencephalon
- In b/w brain - Relay center for sensory and motor pathway - Controls visceral activities - body temp - sleep/wake cycles - Autonomic nervous system
45
What are the parts of the brain stem
1. Mesencephalon (midbrain) 2. Pons 3. Medulla
46
Brainstem
- Passageway for sensory and motor nerves (b/w spinal cord and cerebrum) - Controls breathing rate (heart rate) - Cranial nerves attach nerve (brainstem)
47
Cerebellum
- Fine tune skeletal myo - Smooth coordinated movements - Balanced: stand not fall over - Sensory information about body location (Proprioception)
48
Cranial Nerves Info
- Attached inferior surface of brain - Control somatic sensory to brain; somatic motor away from brain -Visceral motor: Parasympathetic - 12 pairs of cranial nerves: 1 for each side of body
49
Circle of willis
- Posterior cerebral--> Anterior cerebral - Anastomosis in the brain
50
What are the movements of the eye?
- Superior - Superio-medially - Medially - Infero-medially - Inferior - Infero-laterally - Laterally - Superio-laterally
51
What are the muscles of the eye
Superior Rectus Inferior oblique lateral rectus superior oblique inferior rectus medial rectus
52
What is the innervation of facial expression muscle group
VII: Facial Nerve
53
What is the innervation of myos of mastication muscle group
V: Trigeminal
54
What is the innervation of tongue movement muscle group
XII: Hypoglossal
55
How is the tongue split
Split into thirds Posterior 1/3 Anterior 2/3
56
What is sensation of tongue
knowing something is touching it
57
What does it take for you to see?
- Cranial Nerves - Eyeball - Accessory structures - Muscles - Iris and cillary myos
58
What nerve innervates the cilliary myos
III: Oculomotor
59
Accessory Structures of the eye
- Conjunctiva - Lacrimal Apparatus
60
What are the functions of the accessory structures?
- Provide superficial covering - Prevent foreign objects from entering - Keeps surface clean, moist, lubricated
61
Conjunctiva
- Continuous lining from anterior eye to internal eyelid - Not on cornea - Superficial to sclera
62
Lacrimal apparatus
- Produce, collect, drain lacrimal fluid (tears) - Lubricate anterior eye - Reduce friction during blinking - Clean, moisten and prevent infection
63
What is the pathway through the lacrimal apparatus
Lateral - Lacrimal gland--> lacrimal caruncle--> lacrimal puncta--> nasolacrimal duct
64
What is the function of the lacrimal gland
Continuously produces tears
65
What is the lacrimal puncta
hole in caruncle
66
What is the caruncle
The corner of your eye the pink thing
67
What are the structures of the eye
- Cornea - Sclera - Ciliary Muscles - Iris - Pupil - Retina
68
Cornea
- Anterior surface of eye - Job: bend light rays entering eye
69
Sclera
- White of eye - Deep to conjunctive
70
Ciliary muscles
- Job: ulters shape of lens (for near vision) - Weakens with age
71
Lens
- Focus light on retina, bending light rays - Is transparent
72
Iris
- Colored part - Muscles: Dilate pupil (sympathetic) and Constrict pupils (Parasympathetic)
73
Pupils
- Black hole - Controlled by iris
74
Retina
- Contains photoreceptors - Cells convert light rays to nerve impulses
75
Pathway of light through the eye
Cornea-->pupil-->lens-->Retina-> neve impulses--> optic nerve-> occipital lobe
76
What are the functions of the ear
Hearing, balance, equlibrium
77
What are the regions of the ear
- External Ear - Middle Ear - Inner Ear
78
External Ear
- Runs from auricle-tympanic membrane - Auricle--> external auditory meatus--> tympanic membrane
79
Auricle
Directs sound waves to ear canal
80
External Auditory Meatus
Recieves soundwaves
81
Tympanic membrane
Physical seperation between middle and external ear - Vibrations from sound waves transfer to middle ear
82
Middle Ear
Intermediate to external and inner ears
83
What are the assicles in the middle ear
Malleus Incus Stapes
84
Malleus
- Most lateral - Physically attached to tympanic membrane
85
Incus
- Touches both malleus and stapes - Intermediate to stapes and malleus
86
Stapes
- Connected to inner ear - Transfer sound waves to inner ear - Most Medial
87
Inner ear
- Most medial - Business end of ear - Consists of the bony and membranous labyrinths - Houses the cochlea (hearing), vestibule (balance), and semi-circular canals (equilabrium)
88
Bony labyrinth
- Superficial - Contains perilymph fluid - Keeps ML buoyant and not hitting BL
89
Membranous labyrinth
- Deep - Contains endolymph - Hair cells
90
What are hair cells
receptors that convert sound waves or movement into nerve impulses
91
Equilibrium
Movement of the head - Causes movement of endolymph - Endolymph rushes over the hair cells and activates the nerve impulses, then travel to the brain - Vestibulocochlear nerve

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