Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology 1113 > exam 6 (ch 12,13) > Flashcards

exam 6 (ch 12,13) Flashcards

(47 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Microtubule organizing center

A

Centrosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Actin filaments arranged in a twisted double chain

A

Microfilament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Tubulin proteins that make up part of the cytoskeleton

A

Microtubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Proteins associated with DNA at the centromere

A

Kinetochore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Chromatin condense becoming sister chromatids (chromosomes), nucleus dissolves

A

Prophase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sister chromatids line up in the middle of the cell

A

Metaphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The plane where chromosomes line up due to the pull from microtubules

A

Metaphase Plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sister chromatids separate

A

Anaphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The cells start to separate

in animals: a cleavage furrow forms

A

Telophase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does cytokinesis occur in animals?

A

A cleavage furrow forms from the pull of actin and myosin microfilaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What cells undergo mitosis?

A

Single-celled organisms for asexual reproduction, a fertilized egg cell, cells in our body (to make more of the same cell, to repair damaged cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Develop when a cell undergoes transformation and evades detection
-May have an unusual number of chromosomes
-Lose attachment to neighboring cells
Stimulates blood vessel growth towards tumor

A

Cancer Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A few cells may separate and enter blood vessels, causing cancer somewhere else

A

Metastasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cannot spread beyond original tissue

A

Benign Tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Can spread to new tissues

A

Malignant Tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Damages DNA

-Affects cancer cells more than regular cells, presumably cancer cells have lost their DNA repair mechanisms

A

Radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Interfere with the cell cycle of cells–not just cancer cells

  • Results in hair loss from effects on hair follicle cells
  • Affects susceptibility to infection from effects on immune system
A

Chemotherapy Drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Since prokaryotes do not have a nucleus, they go through a method of asexual reproduction by “division in half,” does not involve mitosis

A

Binary Fission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Unregulated cell growth

20
Q

Division of cytoplasm

21
Q

Replication of DNA

22
Q

Nuclear division (nucleus dividing)

23
Q

Preparation for cell division

24
Q

Normal cell operations and cell growth

25
2 copies of every gene, cell has homologous pairs of chromosomes
Diploid
26
1 copy of every gene, cell has single chromatids or sister chromatids; no homologous pairs
Haploid
27
A region of the chromosomal DNA where the chromatid is attached most closely to its sister chromatid
Centromere
28
Pair of separate DNA strands that carry genes for same traits, not attached physically
Homologous pairs
29
Joined copies of the original chromosome
Sister chromatids
30
One unit of condensed chromatin
Chromatid
31
DNA and proteins that are coiled together
Chromatin
32
Duplicated homologous chromosomes pair and exchange segments
Prophase 1
33
Homologous pairs line up
Metaphase 1
34
Homologous chromosomes sort independently/randomly with respect to other chromosomes, occurs during metaphase 1
Independent Assortment
35
When is the rule of independent assortment broken?
When chromosomes are near each other on the same chromatid
36
Homlogous pairs separate
Anaphase 1
37
2 haploid cells form; each chromosome still consists of 2 sister chromatids
Telophase 1
38
A spindle apparatus forms
Prophase 2
39
Sister chromatids line up
Metaphase 2
40
Sister chromatids separate
Anaphase 2
41
Haploid cells are forming, nuclei form, chromosomes begin decondensing and cytokinesis occurs
Telophase 2
42
Results in 4 haploid daughter cells, daughter cells not identical, typically develop into egg and sperm
Meiosis
43
Tips of homologous pairs of chromosomes are exchanged, occurs during prophase 1, results in greater diversity among daughter cells and offspring
Crossing Over
44
What are 3 ways daughter cells produced by meiosis can be different from each other?
1. Independent assortment 2. Crossing over 3. Mutation
45
When cells stop dividing when they come into contact with one another
Density Dependence Inhibition
46
Animal cells must be attached to something in order to divide
Anchorage Dependence
47
What would happen if sexual reproduction occurred without meiosis?
There would be too much DNA in the cell

Biology 1113 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions