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Government 302 > Exam 7 > Flashcards

Exam 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

Louis-Philippe

A

bourgeois monarch

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2
Q

virtuous circle

A

new republic reinforced the culture that reinforced it:

  1. indirect supports enabled the system to combine popular sovereignty and individual liberty
    a. role of women
    b. psychological and moral discipline
    c. benign moral tutelage by woman
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3
Q

what is the political system that gave the citizens an intense attachment to the political system?

A

virtuous circle

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4
Q

what political system’s citizen’s attachment helped it to function effectively, and its effectiveness made the citizens still more attached to it?

A

virtuous circle

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5
Q

rise of individualism

A
  1. bad v good types
  2. bad individualism is driven by ency and ear
  3. mills fear
  4. mass society
  5. right kind of equality of condition
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6
Q

what was part of the rise of individualism?

A

belief in human equality

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7
Q

what else could you call a democratic society?

A

a mass

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8
Q

what promoted liberty, by promoting self-reliance and ambition?

A

equality of condition

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9
Q

who raised difficult questions about the possibility of sustaining republican institutions in the modern world?

A

Rousseau

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10
Q

who raised many of the same anxieties as Rousseau about the incompatibility of classical ideals of political virtue and classical standards of patriotic self-sacrifice with the comfortable, commercial, self-interested values of the modern world?

A

Montesquieu

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11
Q

what is political socialization?

A

the process of bringing up children to understand the political arrangements of their society and induce a sufficient loyalty to them

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12
Q

les moeurs

A

Social practices, specific uses, common to a group, a people, a time:

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13
Q

who gave lectures that emphasized the irresistible rise of the middle classes?

A

Guizot

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14
Q

why was Britain successful?

A

because they had absorbed this rising (middle) class into a stable political system; the English constitutional monarchy had diverted into useful channels the populist energies that exploded in the french revolution because they had not made use of earlier

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15
Q

Francois Guizot

A
  1. Huguenot bourgeois from Nimes
  2. father victim of french rev
  3. educated in Geneva and Paris
  4. appointed as professor by Napoleon I
    persona non grata to conservative supporters o the restored bourbon monarchy, but a good servant to more liberal ministries
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16
Q

who hollowed out the social hierarchy?

A

Louis XIV and his successors

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17
Q

what were french nobility bribed with to accept the loss of political power?

A

financial privileges

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18
Q

what was the result of the loss of political power?

A

there was no shock absorber between the monarchy and the populace

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19
Q

what book is an insightful account of the egalitarian US of 1831, and an eerily prescient analysis of liberal democracy almost two centuries later written for a french audience?

A

Democracy in America

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20
Q

what is the place of Puritanism in the English character?

A
  1. unwillingness to live under government without consent
  2. stick-to-it-iveness
  3. wilderness is to be tamed and made useful
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21
Q

what kept citizens self-disciplined and respectable?

A

american religion

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22
Q

for what is there a greater enthusiasm than for freedom?

A

equality

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23
Q

what is the underlying theme of Democracy in America?

A

that the effect of equality was to make Americans more enthusiastic for equality than for freedom.

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24
Q

who emphasized the need for social discipline?

A

Tocqueville

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25
Tocqueville's concern with the way the next generation was socialized into membership of a democratic society and polity led him to focus intensely on the role of women in American life:
there have never been free societies without moeurs...and it is woman who makes moeurs
26
what did democracies fear?
schoolteachers
27
what is the tutelary power?
the collective power of all the tiny individuals in the aggregate, for this is majority tyranny in a social rather than a narrowly political context
28
administrative centralization
1. uniformity of tastes and dependency on provision by the state 2. absence of a civil society
29
passion for equality
bred a short-lived passion for freedom and self-rule 1. subsequent violence and fury 2. mildness of manners was consistent with utter savagery as the revolution approached its climax
30
what would have happened if the German govt had not sent Lenin across its territory and back to Russia in a sealed train in early 1917?
today we might regard Marx as not very important 19C philosopher, sociologist, economist, and political theorist
31
what was an offshoot of David Ricardo's system?
pre-mythological Marx
32
who helped Marx write Communist Manifesto?
Friedrich Engels
33
Friedrich Engels
1. family business 2. Engels the systematizer 3. interest in religion a. the young Hegelian's b. Engels pietist background c. Lebenshilosophie 4. Engels turned Marxism into a philosophical system 5. condition of the English working class 6. Engels was a warrior and hunter 7. he wrote commentaries on the american civil war under Marx's byline 8. he was less attached to bourgeois respectability than Marx 9. personal life
34
who wrote Das Kapital?
Marx
35
what was Das Kapital about?
Marx's most passionately pursued intellectual goal was uncovering the exploitative mechanisms of a capitalist economy- the mechanisms whose operation he spelled out in the three volumes
36
who outflanked Marx?
outflanked on the left by anarchists devoted to Mikhail Bakunin
37
in what did Marx find his own voice in?
Economic-Philosophical Manuscripts, there he sketched the theory of alienation that some critics see as the key to his mature work, and that others claim he rejected before he wrote the Manifesto
38
Geist
spirit
39
when can we see reality as ours?
when we see the world as a construction of mind
40
cash nexus
money as mediator
41
modern state must be-
democratic republic
42
who said that the republic rests on a sharp divide between homme and citoyen?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
43
what does the label Utopian cover?
far too many different enterprises.
44
what was Charles Fouriers project?
for the phalanstery, a community where every variety of human nature would find itself satisfied, and whose coming would usher in an epoch when the lion would eat grass and the sea be turned into lemonade; and others were not
45
phalanastery
a group of people living together in community, free of external regulation and holding property in common.
46
Marx's scientific socialism
1. best hidden secret of capitalism is the origin of capitalist profit 2. account of exploitation
47
what is the best hidden secret of capitalism?
origin of capitalist profit
48
what emerges as profit?
surplus value
49
what is the purpose of science?
it shows what happens beneath the surface in a way that explains the surface appearances
50
what is the theory of exploitation?
profit is produced by the unpaid labor of the worker
51
what announces that history is the history of class struggle?
Communist Manifesto
52
what is an opaque concept?
class conflict
53
what did Guizot lecture on in the 1820s?
class sturggle
54
what was the first work of historical materialism according to Engels?
Rousseau's Discourse on the Origins of Inequality
55
what is the essence of politics?
states exist to handle the conflicts of interest generated by coercive measures of surplus extraction
56
what is the Hellenistic steam engine?
the abundance of slave labor left no incentive or its develop into more than a toy
57
what dictates the relations of production?
the forces of production
58
what is the theory of revolution?
when the relations of production become a fetter on the forces of production, the integument
59
what is the essence of property rights?
1. ability to dictate access to the means of production 2. view developed by some Trotskyites a. officials in the state bureaucracy have quasi-ownership, making the bureaucracy a class
60
what is immiseration?
reserve army of the unemployed
61
when did history begin?
when we left the non-propertied, non-class-divided state of primitive communism
62
when will history end?
when we regain a non-propertied and non-class-divided condition of developed communism
63
of who's work was the revolution?
Radical petty bourgeoisie: this is why the republic could not be secured
64
what are the two accounts of the state?
1. sees the state as the instrument of the ruling class, which is the dominant economic class, and the state manages its common interests 2. gentry politicians regarded as help
65
after the revolution of 1848 who found it easy to rally support from enthusiasts for the army and the military glories of his uncle Napoleon I?
Louis Napoleon, Napoleon III
66
how did Otto von Bismark buy off the working class discontent?
by creating an early welfare state while blocking the revolutionary route by ensuring that the armed forces were overwhelmingly powerful and loyal
67
landed peasants who resisted collectivization by Stlain
kulaks
68
what country has no Hobbesian sovereignty?
the United States
69
what country does not receive its authority from a sovereign?
US
70
what did Tocqueville think about the American understanding of self-interest?
thought that Americans understood that int eh absence of an interfering and ominicompetent state, they must manage their own affairs. f
71
reference group thery
1. [cf. Ted Robert Gurr: rising expectations vs relative deprivation 2. two observations a. syn-chronic comparisons: acceptance or rejection of differences perceived as just or unjust b. diachronic comparisons [James Chowning Davies's j-curve theory focuses on the sense of relative deprivation during a downturn
72
under the rules of private property, says Marx, we are alienated from what he calls our species-being:
competition sets us at odds with one another when we should be cooperating, making us treat one another as means when we should be treating one another as ends, and makes us treat our own abilities as a means to bare survival when their proper exercise is the purpose of existence, not a condition of it.
73
under what condition=s does the state cease to be a committee hired and fired a the will of the bourgeoisie and turns into an independent actor?
not only the bondholders and stock-jobbers who made their livelihood lending money to the state and selling the state's bonds to other people, but a substantial bureaucratic apparatus had a stake in the preservation of the french state. since the rev had not destroyed it, it could put down insurrection in the streets of Paris and Lyon, ad turf out parliamentarians opposed to Louis Napoleon
74
state becomes an independent actor rather than...
an instrument of the ruling class
75
who wrote Critique of the Gotha Program?
Marx
76
what book spells out what happens when there are no capitalists taking off an unearned profit?
Critique of the Gotha Program
77
who wrote that social "contractarianism solves the root problem of conflict, born of our solipsistic grasp on the world and the relativism this generates, by instituting a collective agent..."
Deborah Baumgold
78
what does Burke likens the literary and political exponents of enlightenment to what?
those who "are in no sort of fear with regard to the duration of a building run up in haste, because duration is no object to those who think little or nothing has been done before their time, who place all their hopes in discovery."
79
who equated Prometheus with Lucifer?
Saul Alinsky
80
how does one identify legal plunder?
the law benefits one citizen at the expense of anther by doing what the citizen cannot do without committing a crime
81
anomie
suicide, 1897
82
"open-end modes of thought, and formalism"
James Malin
83
what does channeling entail?
it doesn't just manipulate the sub-virtuous motives with which it deals; it accommodates them. this is like promising an alcoholic a drink for staying sober...the long run it undermines that little bit of virtue that it seems to stretch."

Government 302 (9 decks)

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