Exam 7 MALE slides #63- 79

Question 1

Bulbourethral glands AKA:

Answer 1

Cowper’s glands

Question 2

Pea sized set of glands

Located inferior to the prostate on either side of the membranous urethra

Ducts open into the spongy urethra

Answer 2

Bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s glands)

Question 3

During sexual arousal, these glands secrete ___ ___ into urethra

Protects passing sperm by neutralizing acids from urine in the urethra

Also secretes mucus that lubricates the urethra and end of penis

Some males release small amount prior to ejaculation, called pre-ejaculate
Contains little to no-sperm

Answer 3

Alkaline fluid

Question 4

Accessory sex glands

Answer 4

slide 65

Question 5

a liquid that contains secretions of the seminiferous tubules, seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands

Answer 5

Seminal Fluid

Question 6

Semen is a mixture of:

Answer 6

sperm and seminal fluid

Question 7

Typical volume during ejaculation is 2.5-5mL
1mL contains 50-150 million sperm

When this number falls consistently below 20 million, male is considered infertile

Only small fraction of sperm ever make it all the way to the ___ ___

Answer 7

Secondary oocyte

Question 8

Semen is slightly ___

Larger volume of ___ fluid from seminal vesicles

Answer 8

Alkaline

Question 9

Prostate fluid is ___ but less in volume

Answer 9

Acidic

Question 10

Semen appearance:
____ fluid gives it milky color
___ and ____ fluid provide it’s viscous and tacky consistency

Answer 10

Prostatic = milky

Seminal fluid and bulbourethral fluid

Question 11

Ejaculate:
Coagulates within 5 min due to clotting proteins from ___ ___

Reliquefies after 10-20 min due to the presence of prostate specific antigen and other enzymes

Answer 11

Seminal vesicles

Question 12

Abnormal or delayed liquefaction of clotted semen can cause partial or total immobilization of sperm

Unable to reach the __ __

Answer 12

secondary oocyte

Question 13

presence of blood in semen:

Answer 13

Hematospermia/Hemospermia

Question 14

Blood in semen:
Usually caused by inflammation of the blood vessels lining __ __ or other glands

Treated often times with antibiotics

Trauma, prolonged abstinence, “over-indulgence” of self-pleasuring, systemic issues (HTN etc.) can also contribute

Answer 14

seminal vesicles

Question 15

Pathway for ejaculation of semen and excretion of urine

Answer 15

Urethra

Question 16

Penis:
Cylindrical in shape
Has body, ___ ___ and root

Answer 16

glans penis

Question 17

composed of three masses of tissue, each surrounded by fibrous tissue (tunica albuginea*: not continuous w/ tunica albuginea in the testes, just same tissue type)

Answer 17

Penis (body)

Question 18

two dorsolateral masses

Answer 18

Corpora cavernosa-

Question 19

singular midventral mass, contains spongy urethra

Answer 19

Corpus spongiosum-

Question 20

Skin and subcutaneous layers enclose all three layers, this contains ___ ___

Composed of numerous blood sinuses lined by endothelial cells and surrounded by smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue

Answer 20

erectile tissue

Question 21

Distal end of the corpus spongiosum

Slightly enlarged, acorn shaped

Answer 21

Glans penis

Question 22

Glans penis:

The margin surrounding this anatomical feature is called the ____

Answer 22

Corona

Question 23

Distal urethra enlarges, widens and forms a slit-like opening

Answer 23

(external urethral orifice)

Question 24

At birth, ___ covers the glans penis

Answer 24

a prepuce (foreskin)

Question 25

Many chose to remove this during the first days of infancy Not usually required to remove for medical reasons Usually done for social, cultural, religious reasons Thought to reduce UTI’s, protect against some STD’s if male is circumcised

Answer 25

circumcision

Question 26

Contains the bulb (expanded posterior continuation of the base of the corpus spongiosum)

Answer 26

Root of the Penis

Question 27

Bulb: | Enclosed by the bulbospongiosus muscle which aids in ____

Answer 27

ejaculation

Question 28

Root: | Contains the ___ (the two separated and tapered portions of the corpora cavernosa)

Answer 28

crura

Question 29

Crura is surrounded by ___ muscles

Answer 29

Surrounded by the ischiocavernosus muscles

Question 30

Weight of the penis is supported by two ligaments that are continuous with the fascia of the penis:

Answer 30

Fundiform ligament- arises from inferior part of linea alba Suspensory ligament- arises from pubic symphysis

Question 31

arises from inferior part of linea alba

Answer 31

Fundiform ligament-

Question 32

arises from pubic symphysis

Answer 32

Suspensory ligament-

Question 33

Fig 18.28 PENIS

Answer 33

slide 75

Question 34

Parasympathetic fibers in __ __ of spinal cord initiate and maintain an erection (enlargement and hardening of the penis)

Answer 34

Sacral region

Question 35

These fibers produce and release nitric oxide (NO) NO causes smooth muscle in arteriole walls in erectile tissue to relax which allows dilation of both blood sinuses (____ ___) and vessels

Answer 35

(in corpora cavernosa)

Question 36

All of this in conjunction causes blood to pool in the penis and cause __ __ Increase in blood flow to the penis, compresses the veins that drain the penis, therefore helping to maintain the erection

Answer 36

The erection

Question 37

Powerful release of semen from urethra to exterior

Answer 37

Ejaculation

Question 38

``` ____ reflex (lumbar portion of spinal cord) Smooth muscle sphincter at base of bladder constricts (prevents urine during ejaculation, and semen into bladder) ```

Answer 38

Sympathetic

Question 39

Before ejaculation, ___ ___of epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts, prostate propel semen into spongy urethra This can lead to emission (small volume of semen before ejaculation)

Answer 39

Peristaltic contractions

Question 40

Muscles of penis contract when stimulated by ___ ___ (bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus, superficial transverse perineus)

Answer 40

Pudendal nerve

Question 41

``` Once stimulation has ended (whether orgasm, or interruption of process) Arterioles constrict Smooth muscle contracts Making blood sinuses smaller Relieves pressure on veins in penis Allows blood to flow back out Penis returns to normal (___) state ```

Answer 41

Flaccid