Exam Errors Flashcards
(125 cards)
1
Q
Incremental validity
A
HIGH criterion-related validity coefficient
LOW selection ratio (lots of applicants for few positions)
MOD base rate (selection technique = moderately accurate)
2
Q
Delirium vs psychosis
A
Delirium=Sx random, haphazard, rapid onset
Psychosis=Sx systematized
3
Q
Ohio State U Behavior of leaders
A
Imitating structure (task-orientation)
Consideration (person-orientation)
4
Q
MMPI scales
A
K - Korrection (defensiveness)
L - lie
F - inFrequency
5
Q
Adult Attachment Interview
A
- Autonomous = describes parent + or - and gives examples (Child –> secure)
- Dismissing = describes parent + but no examples (Child –> avoidant)
- Preoccupied = - or confused description, no examples (Child –> resistant
- Unresolved/disorganized (Child –>disorganized/disoriented)
6
Q
Cross’ Black Racial ID Model
A
- Pre-encounter
- Encounter
- Immersion-Emersion
- Internalization
7
Q
Fiedler’s Contingency model
A
Characteristics of work situation (affect ability to lead)
Leader-member relations ***most important
Task structure Leaders position power
8
Q
Transtheoretical model
A
- Pre-contemplation: cons outweigh pros
- Contemplation: “ “ “
- Preparation: pros=cons
- Action: pros outweigh cons
- Maintenance: pros outweigh cons
9
Q
Predictors of moving to next stage (Transtheoretical model)
A
Perception of self efficacy
Decisional balance (pros/cons)
10
Q
BP vs ADHD
A
- BP only:
- Elation
- Grandiosity
- Flight of ideas
- Reduced sleep
- Hypersexuality
- BOTH:
- hyperactivity,
- irritability,
- distractibility,
- accelerated speech
11
Q
Conventional vs Realistic
A
Conventional: keeping records, org data, attention to detail, others’ instructions
Realistic: technical, physical, mechanical, outdoor activities
12
Q
Schizophrenia vs schizophreniform vs brief psychotic disorder
A
Time
13
Q
Paired comparison technique
A
Measure of job performance All employees compared to each other in PAIRS
14
Q
“The whole is greater than the sum of its parts” learning=perception of relationships among elements of a problem
A
Gestalt (Kohler)
15
Q
Caplan mental health consultation
A
Case consultation (focus on consultee)
* client-centered = particular client
* consultee-centered=group or population Admin consultation (focus on administrators)
* program-centered=particular program
* consultee-centered=focus on admins
16
Q
4 dopamine pathways
A
- Mesolimbic -> motivation/emotion (high dopamine here=+Sx)
- Mesocortical –> _emotion/cognitio_n (low dopamine here= -Sx)
- Nigrostriatal –> motor Sx (Parkinson’s)
- Tuberoinfundibular –>hypothalamus/pituitary (prolactin & hormones)
17
Q
Ridley model of paranoia
A
- Nonparanoiacs - low culture, low functional
- Functional paranoiacs–> psychopathology
- Healthy cultural paranoiacs , low functiional, high cultural
- Confluent paranoiacs ???
18
Q
Super lifespan model of career development
A
- Growth (4-13)
- Exploration (14-24)
- Establishment (25-44)
- Maintenance (45-65)
- Disengagement (65+)
19
Q
Overregularization vs overextension
A
Over reg = grammar rules
tooths instead of teeth, goed instead of went
Over ext = uses word too broadly
20
Q
Telegraphic vs holophrastic speech
A
Telegraphic = 2 words
Holophrastic = one word (means ‘whole’)
21
Q
Option receptor antagonist Reduces alcohol cravings
A
Naltrexone
22
Q
Efficacy vs effectiveness
A
Efficacy: clinical trials
Effectiveness: “real world” effects (correlational, quasi-experimental studies)
23
Q
Papez’ circuit
A
limbic system
24
Q
IQ correlations among family
A
- .18 – adopted child with parent
- .25 – bio sibs reared apart
- .40 – parent and child
- .68 – identical twins reared apart
- .80 – identical twins reared together
25
Stress inoculation training
conceptualization: skills acquisition: application:
26
Q-sort technique
rank ordering descriptive statements about self
27
James-Lange theory
emotions are perceptions of bodily reactions body first, then emotions ("JAMES' great body made Jessica LANGE emotional")
28
Cannon-Bard theory
emphasis on brain emotions first, then body reacts
29
"gender schema theory"
Bem
30
OCD across cultures
same stats different content of obsessions and compulsions
31
TQM (Total Quality Management)
based on employee involvement fails when employees not fully participating
32
best Rx for chronic pain
mixed SSRIs/SNRIs (better than SSRIs alone)
33
best Rx for Alcohol Dependence
SSRIs best for low alcohol consumption with LATE onset Alcohol Dependence (Type A)
34
Types of Alcohol Dependence
**Type A:** _Late onset = lower consumption_; fewer Sx; less severe Sx
**Type B**: _Early onset = more Sx;_ more severe Sx; more severe psychopathology
35
procedural memory is mediated by \_\_\_\_\_
the striatum (caudate nucleus + putamen)
36
brain structure that mediates emotion
hypothalamus
37
Piaget moral development
**HETEROnomou**s (subject to laws outside individual)
--rule violations are punished
--rules changed only by authorities
**AUTOnomous** (self-governing)
--rules can be changed by consensus
38
expressed emotion is predictive of relapse for \_\_\_\_
MORE predictive for mood and eating disorders than schizophrenia
39
contingency management
punish undesirable + reward/reinforce desirable
40
false memory induction
Creates false memories by repeated asking about events never experienced
41
imagination inflation
asking to imagine event before asking if it ever happened to the individual
42
Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm (DRM)
erroneously recalling a word from a list of semantically related words
43
Loftus misinformation effect
original memory of events altered by exposure to misleading information
44
best Tx for stuttering
Habit Reversal: regulated breathing + awareness training + social support
45
Centralized vs decentralized communication
**_centralized_**: better for simple tasks
**_decentralized_**: better for complex tasks
46
when is brain lateralization first evident?
1st year of life
47
stages of Freudian psychoanalysis
confrontation: goal to help client see behavior in new way
clarification: clarifies client's statements
interpretation:
working through:
48
script vs heuristic
**script** = "event schema": series of events/actions in particular situation
**heuristic** = "mental shortcut" (rule of thumb)
49
According to REBT, what is the basis of irrational thoughts?
biological basis
50
what is the effect of brain trauma on memory?
**most recent memories:** most vulnerable to amnesia
**remote memories**: first to be recovered
51
fading vs thinning
**fading**: reducing prompts
**thinning**: reduction in + reinforcement
52
Chin & Benne
3 strategies to overcome resistance to change in an organization
**Rational-Empirical:** providing info when resistance is due to lack of knowledge
**Normative-Reeducative:** peer pressure and social norms used to promote change
**Power-Coercive:** relying on a strong leader
53
4 dopamine pathways
**mesolimbic** = emotion and motivation
**mesocortical** = cognition
**nigrostriatal** = motor (Parkinson's)
**tuberoinfundibular** = hypothalamus to pituitary (prolactin secretion)
54
Type I error vs Type II error
**Type I error** == (alpha) incorrect rejection of a true null
**Type II error** == (beta) incorrectly retaining a false null
55
OARS (Motivational Interviewing)
O - open-ended questions A - affirmations R - reflective listening S - summary statements
56
\_\_\_\_% of new mothers have postpartum major depression \_\_\_\_% have "baby blues"
10-15% up to 80%
57
CBT-E (CBT-Enhanced) for Bulimia
targets perfectionism, low self-esteem, interpersonal factors and emotional factors
58
Social Anxiety vs Panic Disorder
social anxiety--\> MAY include panic attacks, but they are related to the known feared situation
Panic Disorder --\> attacks are unexpected
59
physical issues that cause impotence
* diabetes
* antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs
* liver and kidney disease
60
sexual arousal hormone in men and women
androgen (adrenal cortex)
61
maternal employment has most detrimental effect on academic achievement of \_\_\_\_\_\_
middle and upper-SES boys (especially when mother works FT thru child's life)
62
fact vs expert witness
fact -- only offers facts
expert -- can offer opinion
63
When would a structural family therapist use a family map?
to make a structural diagnosis by clarifying boundaries, coalitions, etc.
64
circular questions
*_used in Milan systematic family therapy_*
helps family members recognize differences in perceptions
65
Gain-loss theory
prefer people who initially have negative feelings about us but change to positive (more than those consistently positive) AND we dislike those with initially positive feelings about us then change to negative
66
social exchange theory
more likely to remain in a relationship when rewards are greater than cost
67
balance theory
relationship between: person, another person, and third person or idea, event, object
68
self-verification theory
people prefer others who provide them with accurate info about themselves (consistent with self-evaluations)
69
children show an AWARENESS of racial difference by age \_\_\_\_\_, but understand race as a physical, social, and biological category at age \_\_\_\_
awareness by age 3-4 deeper understanding at age 10
70
benefits of HRT
alleviate mood swings decrease likelihood of osteoporosis reduce/eliminate hot flashes \*\*\*does not have effect on libido\*\*\*
71
neo-Piagetians
use information processing to explain shortcomings of Piaget's theory
72
Holland's Self-Directed Search (SDS) scores
commonness -- of score with standardization
sample consistency --distance between first two RIASEC code letters (closer together = higher consistency)
coherence -- degree to which interests are in same category
congruence -- between expressed and measured interest
73
APA can take disciplinary action against a psychologist after conviction of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
a felony (does not apply to misdemeanors)
74
TAT scoring
**needs** (internal determinants of behavior)
**press** (environmental determinants of behavior)
**thema** (interactions between needs and press)
75
types of cost analysis
**cost-benefit** -- relative costs and benefits of an intervention
**cost-utility** -- costs and patient outcomes (includes quality duration and of life)
**cost-feasibilit**y -- determines feasibility of an intervention based on resources it requires
**cost-minimization** -- identifies the least costly alternative
76
approach-avoidance conflict
BOTH increase as event gets closer but negative increases MORE
77
Depression vs Anxiety -- how to tell difference
negative affect --\> similar in both
Positive affect -- higher in anxiety
Autonomic Arousal -- higher in anxiety
78
situational leadership
**high ability, high willingness** --\> delegating (can be trusted to do assigned tasks independently)
**high ability, low willingness** --\> participating (have ability, but need their participation)
**low ability, high willingness** --\> selling (novices need to be sold on the task)
**low ability, low willingness** --\> telling (can't trust to do it themselves)
79
neurotransmitters linked to Social Phobia
serotonin and dopamine
80
holophrastic speech begins at age ____ telegraphic speech begins at age \_\_\_\_
holophrastic = 12-18 mos (one word) telegraphic = 18-24 mos (two words)
81
ADHD -- low metabolic activity in ____ and \_\_\_\_.
prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia
82
Lever #1 = VI-30 Lever#2 = VI-60 What is the ratio of Lever #1 taps by pigeon?
Lever #1 tapped twice as often as Lever #2 (2 times out of 3 = 2/3)
83
Structural Family Therapy (techniques)
--marking boundaries
--escalating stress
--utilizing symptoms
--manipulating mood (criticized for no empathy)
84
Motivational Interviewing (OARS) goal:
help client resolve ambivalence toward change
85
Motivational Interviewing (techniques)
--simple reflection --double-sided reflection --amplified reflection --summary statements (Communicates empathy)
86
Left-Right confusion due to:
lesion in left parietal lobe Gerstmann Syndrome (also dysgraphia, dyscalculia, finger agnosia)
87
MDD requires ____ duration of Sx
2 weeks
88
Satir's family therapy emphasizes:
styles of communication (5) --placater --blamer --super-reasonable --irrelevant --incongruent
89
PTSD Sx clusters
intrusion avoidance cognition/mood arousal/reactivity
90
Delusional Disorder requires ____ delusions for at least \_\_\_\_.
one or more delusions for at least one month
91
Substance Use Disorder domains
impaired control social impairment risky use pharmacological criteria
92
Tourette's syndrome due to excessive activity of dopamine receptors in \_\_\_\_
caudate nucleus
93
94
Schein organizational culture
Organizational culture: observable artifacts, espoused values & beliefs, and underlying assumptions.
95
MMPI
Alcohol abuse & depression
High on 2, 4, & 7
96
mmpi
somatoform profile
conversion V
high 1 & 3, low 2
97
Most dreams occur in _____ sleep and the dreams are \_\_\_\_
REM
NREM Dreams are Fleeting images, less vivid and more relaistic
98
Satir - communication styles
1. placater
2. blamer
3. super-reasonable
4. irrelevant
5. congruent
99
3 types of standard errors
1. Standard error of the mean
2. Standard error of measurement
3. Standard error of measurement
100
1. Standard error of the mean
2. Standard error of measurement
3. Standard error of estimate
1. Standard error of mean = standard deviation of sampling distrution of the mean (pop std dev/square root n
2. Std err of measurement = construct confidence interval around obtained test score
3. Std err of estimate = construct confidence interval around predicted criterion score
101
purpose of factor loading
to obtain a pattern easier to interpret
102
103
Mimesis
joining technique that involves adopting family's affective and communication style
104
SCID
Structured Clinical Interview for DSM5
105
Spearman r measures
2 rank correlates
106
Pearson r measures
2 continuous variables correlations
107
Phi coefficient measures
2 dichotomous variables
108
point biserial measures
correlation 1 variable is continous, the other true dichotomous
109
Seattle longitudinal study used what design to study age & intelligence
cross-sequential
110
Howard phase model of client's progres in therapy
1. remoralization
2. remediation
3. rehabilitation
111
age infants exhibit recognition memory for up to 24 hours following presenation of a stimulus
3 months
112
Sources of self-efficacy beliefs (Bandura)
1. prior accomplishments
2. observations of others
3. verbal persuasion
4. emotional and physiological states
113
What is the Papez circuit
emotional brain of the limbic system
Also plays role in acquistion of new memories
114
papez circuit includes
1. hippocampus
2. mammillary bodies
3. cingulate gyrus
4. anterior nuclei of thalamus
115
base rate fallacy
the tendency to ignore relevant statistical data when making a probablity judgment and to rely instead on irrelevant info
116
Von Restorff Effect
Tendency to remember very unusual or unique objects
Stick out like a sore thumb
117
Forer Effect AKA
Barnum effect
118
Barnun effect refers to
tendency to accept a vague or very general description of oneself (horoscope)
119
Visual feature representation is necessary for
mirror self-recognition
120
3 steps of strucural family therapy
1. joining
2. evaluating/dxing
3. restructuring
121
2 types of joining in Structural Family Therapy
1. Tracking - identifying & using family's values, life themes
2. mimesis - adopting family's affective & behavioral style
122
When is family map used in structural family therapy
to facilitate structrual diagnosis
123
Enactment is a technique
used to facilitate diagnosis and structuring of the family (structural family therapy)
124
Substance Use Disorder Sx Categorized into
1. Impaired control
2. social impairment
3. risky use
4. pharmacological criteria
125
