Flashcards in Exam II Deck (67):
1
normal ROM for elbow flexion
150 degrees
2
normal ROM for elbow extension
0 degrees
3
normal ROM for elbow pronation
80 degrees
4
normal ROM for elbow supination
80 degrees
5
normal ROM for wrist flexion
80 degrees
6
normal ROM for wrist extension
70 degrees
7
normal ROM for radial deviation
20 degrees
8
normal ROM for ulnar deviation
30 degrees
9
normal ROM for MCP flexion
90 degrees
10
normal ROM for MCP extension
45 degrees
11
normal ROM for PIP flexion
100 degrees
12
normal ROM for PIP extension
0 degrees
13
normal ROM for DIP flexion
90 degrees
14
normal ROM for DIP extension
0 degrees
15
normal ROM for MCP abduction
no norm
16
normal ROM for MCP adduction
no norm
17
normal ROM for CMC extension
20-80 degrees
18
normal ROM for CMC flexion
15 degrees
19
normal ROM for CMC abduction
70 degrees
20
normal ROM for CMC adduction
0 degrees
21
what are the primary and secondary flexors of the elbow?
primary
(1) biceps
(2) brachialis
(3) brachioradialis
secondary
(1) pronator teres
(2) ECRL
22
what position is the biceps brachii stronger as a flexor of the forearm?
supinated (think biceps curl)
23
in addition to flexing the forearm, what does the biceps brachii flex?
the long head flexes the shoulder
24
what are the primary and secondary extensors of the elbow?
primary
(1) triceps
secondary
(1) anconeus
25
what are the primary and secondary pronators of the elbow?
primary
(1) pronator teres
(2) pronator quadratus
secondary
(1) flexor carpi radialis
(2) brachioradialis
26
what are the primary supinators of the elbow?
primary
(1) biceps brachii
(2) supinator
27
what are the primary and secondary flexors of the wrist?
primary
(1) flexor carpi radialis
(2) flexor carpi ulnaris
(3) palmaris longus
secondary
(1) flexor digitorum superficialis
(2) flexor digitorum profundus
28
what are the primary and secondary extensors of the wrist?
primary
(1) ECRL
(2) ECRB
(3) extensor carpi ulnaris
secondary
(1) extensor digitorum
(2) extensor digiti minimi
(3) extensor indicis
29
what are the primary and secondary ulnar deviators of the wrist?
primary
(1) extensor carpi ulnaris
(2) flexor carpi ulnaris
secondary
(1) extensor digiti minimi
(2) flexor digitorum profundus
30
what are the primary and secondary radial deviators of the wrist?
primary
(1) ECRL
(2) ECRB
(3) FCR
(4) abductor pollicis longus
(5) extensor pollicis brevis
31
chronic nerve inflammation may lead to what in areas of the skin innervated by sensory nerves?
hypersensitivity and allodynia
32
what is allodynia?
pain with touch
33
what is a myotome?
a muscle or group of muscles served by a single nerve root
34
what is a dermatome?
the area of skin supplied by a single nerve root
35
what is a sclerotome?
area of bone or fascia supplied by a single nerve root
36
what is a deep tendon reflex (DTR)?
a brisk contraction of a muscle in response to a sudden stretch induced by a sharp tap on the tendon at the insertion of the muscle
37
how are myotomes graded?
0-5; same as MMTs
38
what do myotomes test?
gross muscle movements, not individual muscles
39
what is hyporeflexia?
an absent or diminished response to DTR
40
what is hyperreflexia?
the hyperactive or repeating (clonic) response to DTR
41
how do you grade DTR?
Grade 0 = no response; always abnormal
Grade 1 = a slight but definitely present response; may or may not be normal
Grade 2 = a brisk response; normal
Grade 3 = a very brisk response; may or may not be normal
Grade 4 = hypertonic. a tap elicits a repeating reflex (clonus); always abnormal
42
how to differentiate between a spinal nerve and peripheral nerve issue?
muscular issues
-if a gross movement is affected, more likely to be myotome or SPINAL nerve
-if an individual muscle is affected (using MMT), more likely to be a PERIPHERAL nerve
43
when hyperreflexia presents, where does that indicate the lesion is located?
CNS Lesion
44
when hyporeflexia presents, where does that indicate the lesion is located?
Peripheral Nerve lesion
45
C1-C2 myotome
neck flexion
46
C3 myotome
neck side flexion
47
C4 myotome
shoulder/scapular elevation
48
C5 myotome
shoulder abduction / ER
49
C6 myotome
elbow flexion or wrist extension
50
C7 myotome
elbow extension or wrist flexion
51
C8 myotome
thumb extension or ulnar deviation
52
T1 myotome
hand intrinsics
53
C1 dermatome
anterior/superior cranium
54
C2 dermatome
posterior cranium
55
C3 dermatome
lateral upper-mid cervical spine
56
C4 dermatome
superior and lateral shoulder
57
C5 dermatome
lateral arm
58
C6 dermatome
lateral thumb
59
C7 dermatome
dorsal midline of hand
60
C8 dermatome
ulnar forearm/hand
61
T1 dermatome
medial elbow
62
DTR test for biceps
C5-C6
63
DTR test for brachioradialis
C6
64
DTR test for triceps
C7-C8
65
which muscles produce scapular retraction?
(1) middle traps
(2) rhomboids
66
which muscles produce downward rotation of the scapula? (4)
(1) pec minor
(2) rhomboids
(3) levator scapulae
(4) lats
67