Exam II - Lower Extremity

Question 1

What makes up os coxae?

Answer 1

ilium, pubis and ischium

Question 2

What does the sacroiliac joint do?

Answer 2

links limb to axial skeleton

Question 3

What is symphysis?

Answer 3

a permanent cartilaginous joint

Question 4

What is the acetabulum?

Answer 4

a notch for the femur

made up by the ischium, pubis and ilium

Question 5

What are the ligaments of the Pelvic girdle?

Answer 5

posterior sacroiliac
iliolumbar
sacrospinous
sacrotuberous

Question 6

What does the posterior sacroiliac liagment do?

Answer 6

connects the sacrum to PSIS

Question 7

What does the iliolumbar ligament do?

Answer 7

connects L5 to iliac crest to stabilize lumbosacral joint

Question 8

What do the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments do?

Answer 8

attach the sacrum to os coxae

create the greater and lesser sciatic foramen

Question 9

What are the openings of the pelvis?

Answer 9

Greater sciatic foramen
Lesser sciatic foramen
Obturator canal
Gap between inguinal ligament and pelvis

Question 10

What are the contents of the greater sciatic foramen?

Answer 10

sciatic nerve

gluteal nerve

Question 11

What are the contents of the lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 11

pudendal nerve

Question 12

What are the contents of the obturator canal?

Answer 12

obturator nerve

Question 13

What are the contents of the gap between the inguinal ligament and pelvis?

Answer 13

the femoral nerve

Question 14

What is an avulsion factor?

Answer 14

When a tendon/ligament pulls off a piece of bone

Question 15

What type of joint is the hip?

Answer 15

synovial joint

ball-and-socket joint

Question 16

What is the acetabular foramen?

Answer 16

the space between the acetabulum and the transverse acetabular ligament

Question 17

What ligaments hold the femur within the acetabulum?

Answer 17

Iliofemoral
Pubofemoral
ischiofemoral

Question 18

What is the largest extensor of the thigh?

Answer 18

Gluteus maximus

Question 19

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

Answer 19

Medial - adductor longus
Lateral - sartorius
Superior - inguinal ligament

Question 20

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

Answer 20

Nerve, artery, vein (all femoral)

Question 21

What are the two parts of adductor magnus?

Answer 21

Adductor and hamstring

Question 22

What is a pulled groin?

Answer 22

tearing or stretching of any of the adductor group at the pubis

Question 23

What are the borders of the Adductor Hiatis?

Answer 23

Lateral - femur

Medial/Superior - adductor magnus

Question 24

What are the contents of the adductor hiatis?

Answer 24

femoral artery

Question 25

What are the two joints of the knee?

Answer 25

1) femur and tibia | 2) femur and patella

Question 26

What type of joint is the knee?

Answer 26

complex hinge joint

Question 27

What is a fabella?

Answer 27

small sesmoid in lateral tendon of gastrocnemius

Question 28

What are the ligaments of the knee?

Answer 28

``` Patellar Transverse genicular Popliteal Medial collateral Lateral collateral Anterior cruciate Posterior cruciate ```

Question 29

What is the largest synovial joint in the body?

Answer 29

the knee

Question 30

Describe the synovial joint of the knee

Answer 30

Membrane attaches to menisci Suprapatellar brusa extends superiorly continuous with capsule Contains an infrapatellar fatpad

Question 31

What is an infrapatellar fat pad?

Answer 31

reduces friction with quad tendon during bending of the knee

Question 32

Describe the anastamosis of the knee

Answer 32

Circumflex femoral artery Circumfelx fibular artery Popliteal artery Femoral artery

Question 33

What is a PCL tear?

Answer 33

sprain or tear of PCL | tibia moves too far posteriorly

Question 34

What is an ACL tear?

Answer 34

sprain or tear of ACL bones of the leg twist in opposite directions tibia moves too far anteriorly

Question 35

What is the "Unhappy Triad"?

Answer 35

Torn MCL, medial meniscus and ACL

Question 36

What are the borders of the Popliteal fossa?

Answer 36

Superior - semimembranosus | Inferior - gastrocnemius

Question 37

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 37

Popliteal artery Popliteal vein Tibial nerve Common fibular nerve

Question 38

What are varicose veins?

Answer 38

muscle contraction will facilitate backflow from the deep veins to superficial veins veins dilate valves of perforating veins become incompetent

Question 39

What kind of joint is the ankle (talocrural) joint?

Answer 39

synovial joint | hinge-like

Question 40

What are the ligaments of the ankle?

Answer 40

``` Deltoid with multiple parts Calcaneonavicular Tibio fibular Talofibular Calcaneal ```

Question 41

What does the calcaneonavicular ligament do?

Answer 41

stabilizes longitudinal arch of foot

Question 42

What are the two parts of the calcaneal ligament?

Answer 42

Talocalcaneal | Calcaneal fibular

Question 43

What are the borders of the Tarsal Tunnel?

Answer 43

Floor - talus, medial malleolus, calcaneous | Roof - flexor retinaculum

Question 44

What are the contents of the Tarsal Tunnel?

Answer 44

Tendon of flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, and tibialis posterior Posterior tibial artery Posterior tibial nerve

Question 45

What ligaments support the foot arch?

Answer 45

Spring ligament Long and short plantar Plantar aponeurosis

Question 46

What is a Jones fracture?

Answer 46

fracture of the 5th metatarsal at the diaphysis | an inversion injury attributed to overuse

Question 47

What is a high ankle sprain?

Answer 47

tear of the ligaments that connect the tibia and fibula

Question 48

Why is proper footwear important?

Answer 48

can otherwise lead to flat feet, painful plantar fasciitis or hammer toe