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Exam II - Upper Extremity Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Subacromial Bursitis?

A

the inflammation and distension of bursa causing painful arc syndrome when the supraspinatus tendon moves closer to the acromion from overuse

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2
Q

What is SLAP?

A

Superior Labral tear from Anterior to Posterior

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3
Q

Describe a SLAP tear

A

Long head of biceps brachii tendon attaches to fibrocartilaginous labrum of glenoid;
occurs when the biceps tendon tears the labrum, usually when attempting to catch oneself while falling face first

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4
Q

What happens when the long thoracic nerve is damaged?

A

Effects Serratus anterior; results in winged scapula

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5
Q

Name the muscles of limb abduction

A

Supraspinatus (15 degrees)
Deltoid (15-90)
Trapezius and Serratus Anterior (<90)

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6
Q

Name the borders and inlet of the Axilla

A 
Inlet - rib 1, clavicle, scapula
Anterior - Pec muscles,. subclavius
Posterior - complex bones and muscles
Lateral - humerus
Medial - Serratus anterior and ribs
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7
Q

What do the dorsal rami do?

A

Provide sensory to the posterior body

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8
Q

What are the terminal branches of the brachial plexus?

A 
Musculocutaenous
Median
Ulnar
Radial
Axillary
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9
Q

Innervation of Musculocutaenous nerve

A

Motor to medial anterior (flexor) of the arm

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10
Q

Innervation of Median nerve

A

Motor to anterior (flexor) of the forearm and thenar muscles

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11
Q

Innervation of Ulnar nerve

A

Motor to medial anterior (flexor) of the forearm and the head

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12
Q

Innervation of Radial nerve

A

Motor to posterior arm and forearm

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13
Q

Innervation of Axillary nerve

A

Motor of deltoid and teres minor

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14
Q

Border of the Quadrangular Space

A

Superior - inferior margin of teres minor
Inferior - superior margin of teres major
Lateral - surgical neck of humerus
Medial - lateral margin of long head of triceps brachii

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15
Q

Contents of Quadrangular Space

A

Posterior circumflex humeral artery

Axillary nerve

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16
Q

Borders of the Triangular Space

A

Lateral - medial margin of long head of triceps brachii
Superior - inferior margin of teres minor
Inferior - superior margin of teres major

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17
Q

Contents of Triangular Space

A

Curcumflex scapular artery

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18
Q

Borders of the Triangular Interval

A

Lateral - humerus
Medial - lateral margin of long head of triceps brachii
Superior - teres major

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19
Q

Contents of Triangular Interval

A

Radial nerve

Deep brachial artery

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20
Q

What is anastomosis?

A

connection between adjacent channels or tubes (in our case, blood vessels)

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21
Q

What is the lymphatic system?

A

System of vessels, nodes, ducts and organs that produces and transports lymph

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22
Q

What is lymph?

A

clear fluid made up of lymphocytes and emulsified fats

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23
Q

What is the process of the lymphatic system?

A

1) Collect and return interstitial fluids
2) Produce lymphocytes for defense
3) Absorb and transport lipids

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24
Q

What is edema?

A

swelling, excess lymphatic fluid

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25
What happens when lymph enters the nodes?
1) Enters nodes via afferent vessels 2) It is then filtered and harmful particles are removed using lymphocytes and macrophages 3) Filtered lymph exits via afferent vessels to one of the 5 major trunks
26
What are the major trunks of the lymphatic system?
``` Jugular Subclavian Bronchomediastinal Intestinal Lumbar ```
27
Where does cisterna chyli emtpy to?
into the thoracic duct
28
Where does lymph in the right subclavian vein come from?
Right thorax Upper extremity Head
29
Where does lymph within the left subclavian vein come from?
the rest of the body
30
What passes through axillary lymph nodes?
lymphatic drainage from the lateral aspect of the breast
31
What is lymphoma?
when lymphocytes exhibit uncontrolled growth | a type of cancer
32
What innervates the palmar hand?
Median nerve - thumb and 2 digits | Ulnar nerve - ring and pinky finger
33
What continues off the musculocutaneous nerve?
Lateral cutaneous nerve
34
What is tendonitis of the biceps brachii?
inflammation of the tendon of the long head
35
Where does the radial artery lie?
deep to brachioradialis
36
What is the radial artery lateral to?
tendon of flexor carpi radialis
37
What extensors are innervated by the radial nerve?
long and medial heads of triceps brachii radial groove lateral head of triceps brachii
38
How would someone lose extension of their hand?
when there is damage to the radial nerve within the radial groove
39
How is the elbow a hinge joint?
connection of humeral ulnar and humeral radial
40
How is the elbow a pivot joint?
joint for supination and pronation at proximal radioulnar joint
41
What is syndesmosis?
a fibrous joint between two bones bound by an interosseous membrane
42
What are the ligaments of the elbow?
Radial collateral Ulnar collateral Annular
43
What is a "nursemaid's elbow"?
dislocation of the ligaments of the elbow
44
How is the elbow a synovial joint?
it is a largely mobile joint surrounded by a tough fibrous capsule and containing articular cartilage and a synovial membrane
45
What does a synovial membrane do?
secrete a lubricating synovial fluid to reduce friction within joints
46
What are the borders of the cubital fossa?
Superior - imaginary line between medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus Medial - Pronator teres Lateral - Brachioradialis
47
What are the contents of the cubital fossa?
radial artery | ulnar artery
48
What protects the brachial artery from being punctured?
bicipital aponeurosis
49
What are the contents of the anastamosis at the elbow?
``` Radial artery ulnar artery radial recurrent artery anterior recurrent artery posterior recurrent artery ```
50
What happens when the median nerve is damaged at the elbow?
weakened flexion at wrist (lose most flexors and all pronators) cannot make a fist "Hand of Benediction"
51
What happens when the ulnar nerve is damaged at the elbow?
weakened flexion at the wrist | loss of finger ab- and adduction and opposition of pinky
52
What are the 7 superficial muscles of the posterior forearm?
``` brachioradialis extensor carpi radialis longus extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor carpi ulnaris extensor digitorum extensor digiti minimi anconeus ```
53
What are the 5 deep muscles of the posterior forearm?
``` supinator abductor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis extensor pollicis longus extensor indicis ```
54
What is lateral epicondylitis?
small tears in muscles on the lateral epicondyle in the elbow "Tennis elbow"
55
What is "Golfer's elbow"?
strain and inflammation of the medial epicondyle in the elbow
56
What are the branches of the radial nerve?
deep branch | superficial branch
57
What does the deep branch of the radial nerve become?
the posterior interosseous nerve
58
What is a Colles fracture?
fracture of the distal radius
59
What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?
median nerve flexor pollicis longus flexor tendons
60
What are the borders of the Carpal tunnel?
Superficial - flexor retinaculum | Deep - Hamate bone, capitate bone, trapezoid bone, trapezium bone
61
What happens when the median nerve is damaged in the carpal tunnel?
will lose motor function of hand, but sensation will remain
62
What are the borders of the anatomical snuffbox?
Lateral - abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis Medial - extensor pollicis longus
63
What are the contents of the anatomical snuffbox?
Radial artery
64
What are the ligaments of the wrist?
``` Radiocarpal Radial collateral Carpometacarpal Intercarpal Ulnar collateral Ulnocarpal Palmar radioulnar ```
65
What are the 3 degrees of freedom of the hand?
1) flex and extend 2) supinate and pronate 3) deviating ulnarly or radially
66
What are the superficial muscles of the hand?
Thenar | Hypothenar
67
What are the deep muscles of the hand?
Adductor pollicis Lumbricals Interossei
68
What do lumbricals do?
flex and extend the phalanges
69
What do interossei do?
abduct and adduct the phalanges
70
What nerves innervate the anterior forearm?
Median and ulnar nerves
71
What are the superficial muscles of the anterior forearm?
Pronator teres Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Flexor carpi ulnaris
72
What are the muscles of the intermediate layer of the anterior forearm?
Flexor digitorum superficialis
73
What are the muscles of the deep layer of the anterior forearm?
Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor pollicis longus Pronator quadratus

Anatomy (15 decks)

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