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Anatomy > Exam III - Abdomen > Flashcards

Exam III - Abdomen Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

What are the borders of the Abdominal/Peritoneal Cavity

A

Superior - inferior thoracic aperture closed by diaphragm

Inferior - pelvic inlet

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2
Q

What are the 3 functions the abdominal cavity serves

A

House and protect the viscera
Breathing
Change in Pressure

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3
Q

What is Valsalva

A

when a person forcibly exhales while keeping their mouth/nose closed

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4
Q

What does Valsalva do

A

increases pressure in thorax
decreases blood return
Can dislodge clots

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5
Q

What are the muscular boundaries of the Abdomen

A

Quadratus Lumborum’
Iliacus
Psoas Major and Minor
Rectus Abdominis

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6
Q

What are the regions of the Abdomen

A 
Right and Left Hypochondriac
Right and Left Lumbar
Right and Left Iliac
Epigastric
Umbilical 
hypogastric
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7
Q

What are some important dermatomes of the Abdominal Wall

A

T7 - xiphoid
T10 - Umbilicus
T12 - Suprapubic
L1 - upper medial thigh and genitalia

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8
Q

What are the layers of the abdominal wall from superficial to deep

A 
Skin
Camper's fascia
Scarpa's fascia
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis 
Transversalis fascia
extraperitoneal fascia
parietal peritoneum
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9
Q

Scarpa’s fascia

A

Fuses with medial linea alba
Also fuses with Fascia lata inferior to inguinal ligament
no fat
complete membranous layer

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10
Q

Camper’s fascia

A

fatty layer

runs over inguinal ligament

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11
Q

Oblique Muscles

A

External obliques
Internal obliques
Transversus abdominis
Rectus abdominis

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12
Q

Anterior Abdominal Wall contents

A 
External oblique
Rectus sheath
Umbilicus
Linea alba
Inguinal Ligament
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13
Q

What is the Rectus sheath?

A

sheath that wraps around the entirety of the anterior abdominal wall

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14
Q

Rectus Sheath above the umbilical region

A

Transversus abdominis and Internal obliques are posterior to Rectus Abdominis
Form the posterior wall

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15
Q

Rectus Sheath below the umbilical region

A

ALL muscles are anterior to rectus abdominis

Sheath is much weaker here

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16
Q

Where is the Inguinal/Iliac Region

A

at the junction of the Anterior Abdominal Wall and Thigh

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17
Q

What are the borders of the inguinal canal

A

Anterior - external oblique
Posterior - Transversalis fascia
Roof - internal oblique, transversus aponeurosis

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18
Q

What are the contents of the Inguinal Canal?

A 
Spermatic chord/Round ligament
Superficial ring in external oblique aponeurosis
Iliohypogastric nerve
Ilioinguinal nerve
Internal oblique muscle
Inguinal ligament
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19
Q

Where do the spermatic walls originate from

A

the abdomen

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20
Q

Where do the testes originate from

A

the Kidneys

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21
Q

How do anterior abdominal hernias occur?

A

when pressure builds within the body

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22
Q

What hernia is more typical in infants

A

Umbilical hernia

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23
Q

Indirect inguinal hernia

A

Loop of bowels that end up within the scrotum

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24
Q

Direct inguinal hernia

A

Loop of bowels that sit on top of the testes

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25
What are the 3 salivary glands within the mouth
Parotid (largest) Sublingual Submandibular
26
Where does the esophagus run
exits out of the esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm to the abdomen along with the Vagus nerve
27
What is the greater omentum?
large apron of folded peritoneum made up of visceral fat
28
What does the greater omentum attach to>
greater curvature of the stomach | posterior wall
29
What is the purpose of the greater omentum
absorb fluid in the abdomen | stick in areas of infection or surgery
30
What is Caulfat
greater omentum from an animal that is eaten
31
What connects the lesser omentum
hypogastric ligament from lesser curvature of stomach to the liver hepatoduodenal ligament from duodenum to liver
32
What are mesenteries
folds that attach organs to the posterior wall | are continuous with parietal and visceral peritoneum
33
Two types of mesenteries
intraperitoneal | retroperitoneal
34
Intraperitoneal
includes small intestine and gall bladder
35
Retroperitoneal
includes kidney and aorta | not in peritoneal cavity
36
3 muscle layers of the stomach
Longitudinal layer Circular layer Oblique layer
37
Smooth muscle tissue of stomach
All muscle layers Rugae Pyloric sphincter
38
What is a Hiatal Hernia
when the stomach pushes up through the esophageal hiatis
39
symptoms of hiatal hernia
``` chest pain gastroesophogeal reflux (gerd) ```
40
3 Parts of Small intestine
Duodenum Jejunum Ileum
41
Where does the descending portion of the duodenum receive input from
accessory organs | ex. pancreas, gall bladder, liver
42
What connects the duodenum
Hepatoduodenal ligament
43
Jejunum
thick walls long vasa rectae small arcades little fat
44
ileum
``` connects to colon thin walls short vasa rectae long arcades lot of fat ```
45
Peyer's patches
lymph node on ileum and jejunum that helps to discriminate good and bad bacteria more abundant on ileum
46
where do most bowel obstructions occur
at the ileocecal junction
47
What is the ileocecal junction
site where the ileum meets the cecum
48
diverticulosis
infection of the taenia coli
49
parts of the colon
``` Appendix Cecum Ascending portion Transverse portion Descending portion Sigmoid portion Hepatic and Splenic flexures Rectum ```
50
What is the largest organ of the body
Liver
51
Where does the liver lie
within the right hypochondriac and epigastric regions
52
What is the falciform ligament
attaches liver to anterior wall | also divides liver into right and left lobes
53
Why is the liver important
all blood from the gut first passes through here via the hepatic portal vein
54
What are the four lobes of the liver
Right Left Caudate Quadrate
55
Which lobe of liver is medial to the gall bladder
Quadrate
56
What are some diseases of the liver
Jaundice Ascites Bilirubin Cirrhosis
57
What is Ascites
"Weeping liver" | when the liver drips fluids into other organs or cavities below
58
what is bilirubin
liver disease causing broken down red blood cells
59
What is cirrhosis
caused from drinking too much | sears the liver
60
What is the function of the gall bladder
receives, concentrates and stores bile
61
What path does bile take in the gall bladder
Released Cystic duct Bile duct
62
what is the portal triad
group of vessels that runs from the liver, inferiorly to the intestines
63
what is included in the portal triad
hepatic artery hepatic portal vein common bile duct
64
Where is the pancreas found
in the retroperitoneal
65
What structures are found within the retroperitoneal
``` Suprarenal gland Aorta and inferior vena cava Duodenum (2nd and 3rd parts) Pancreas (no tail) Ureters Colon (ascending and descending) Kidneys Esophagus Rectum ```
66
what functions does the pancreas have
endocrine and exocrine function
67
What is the hypochondrium
the upper left quadrant of spleen that is deep to the stomach
68
What can cause the spleen to enlarge
Leukemia Lymphoma Infection Portal hypertension
69
What are the anterior arteries/branches of the abdomen
Celiac trunk superior mesenteric artery inferior mesenteric artery left common iliac artery
70
What organs are included in the foregut of abdomen
``` Liver Spleen Stomach Duodenum Pancreas ```
71
What supplies the foregut
Celiac Trunk
72
organs of the midgut
Jejunum ileum 2/3 of colons
73
what supplies the midgut
superior mesenteric artery
74
organs of hindgut
splenic flexure to rectum
75
what supplies the hindgut
inferior mesenteric artery
76
What is portal hypertension
when capillary blood runs into the esophagus; occurs within the esophageal varices leads to hemorrhoids
77
What is included in the veins of the abdomen
hepatic portal vein superior mesenteric vein splenic vein inferior mesenteric vein
78
Nerves of the posterior wall
iliohypogastric nerve ilioinguinal nerve genitofemoral nerve
79
muscles of posterior abdominal wall
Psoas muscles quadratus lumborum iliacus
80
Where are the kidneys located
Left at rib 11 | Right at rib 12
81
What is the Hilum
entrance and exit of all structures to kidneys
82
What drains the kidneys
the ureters
83
what is the renal pelvis
structure that collects all fluids from renal calyces within kidney
84
Two parts of Autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic | Parasympathetic
85
Purpose of sympathetic nervous system
"fight or flight" | catabolic - to expend energy
86
Purpose of parasympathetic nervous system
"rest and digest" | homeostasis
87
What does the enteric nervous system do
regulate motility, secretions, and blood flow
88
2 parts of enteric nervous system
Myenteric plexus | Submucosal plexus
89
Myenteric plexus
helps to squeeze the gut
90
Submucosal plexus
secretions and micro-circulation

Anatomy (15 decks)

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