Exam IV: Autonomics

Question 1

Rifampin

Answer 1

Inhibits RNA polymerase

Question 2

If patient has respiratory tract infection and non compliant

Answer 2

Give azithromycin because only once daily

Question 3

Broth dilution test, what MIC value has the greatest bacterial kill?

Answer 3

MIC: the smaller the better

Question 4

Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

Answer 4

Macrolides and tetracycline, clindamycin, and erythromycins

Question 5

Drug of choice for C diff

Answer 5

Metronidazole

Question 6

Drug of choice for lyme disease

Answer 6

Doxycycline

Question 7

What class of drugs has post antibiotic effect (PAE) and concentration killing rate (CDKR)?

Answer 7

Aminoglycosides = once daily dosing because have PAE because if falls below therapeutic range it still has effects

Question 8

Patient dx with syphilis and non-compliant

Answer 8

IM benzapene penicillin, NEVER IV

Question 9

Interaction with Coumadin with ciprofloxacin

Answer 9

Increased anti coagulation effect = quinolone

Question 10

Cephalosporin that covers anaerobic infections (2nd generation)

Answer 10

Cefoxitin and Cefotetan

Question 11

Best covers gram positive best, as well as streptococci?

Best gram negative coverage?

Answer 11

Gram positive/strep: Clarithromycin

Gram negative: Azithromycin

Question 12

Alcoholic took this medication, and now vomiting

Answer 12

Metronidazole (administered orally or vaginally) can result in a disulfiram-like reaction characterized by flushing, tachycardia, palpitations, nausea, and vomiting

Question 13

Blocks bacterial translation by reversibly binding to the 16S rRNA in the 30S subunit/ blocks protein synthesis

Answer 13

Tetracycline

Question 14

Most common way of microbial resistance

Answer 14

Break beta lactam ring of drug via beta lactamases (microbial enzymes)

Question 15

What effects do Belladonna drugs have?

Answer 15

Cause mydriasis/eye dilation

Muscarinic receptor antagonists, undo cholinergic so used to treat sinus bradycardia given via IV

Question 16

What is used to treat COPD?

Answer 16

Ipratropium

Question 17

Only depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent (block ACh at nicotinic receptor)

Answer 17

Succinylcholine

Question 18

What is used to treat pheochromocytoma?

Answer 18

Phenoxybenzamine

Question 19

Selective beta 1 blocker used to treat BPH

Answer 19

Tamsulosin

BPH also treated by doxazosin, alfuzosin, silodosin

Question 20

Bronchodilator to treat asthma

Answer 20

Albuterol

Question 21

Beta blocker for intraocular pressure for glaucoma patients

Answer 21

Timolol, only one that is an eye drop

Question 22

Sympathetic NS Effects

Answer 22

Dilate pupils, decrease secretions, inhibits salivation, increase HR, inhibits bladder contraction, secretion of adrenaline, stimulates glucose production

Question 23

Parasympathetic NS Effects

Answer 23

Contracts bladder, constricts pupil, stimulated bile release stimulates flow of saliva. constricts bronchi

Question 24

Which is the primary neurotransmitter at post-ganglia junction for sympathetics

Answer 24

NE

Question 25

Increase HR and contractility

Answer 25

beta 1 receptors

Question 26

Which medication blocks alpha and beta receptors

Answer 26

Labetalol beta 1 and beta 2, alpha 1 blocker decreases heart rate and blood pressure

Question 27

Direct acting ACh agonist used for glaucoma on nicotinic and muscarinic

Answer 27

Pilocarpine

Question 28

Which drug is used for lice?

Answer 28

Malathion prescription not over counter

Question 29

Older male patient presents with BPH and ED, which drug would you prescribe?

Answer 29

Tadalafil

Question 30

Drugs used to treat Alzheimer's Disease

Answer 30

Rivostigmine, donepezil, galantamine to increase ACh in CNS

Question 31

Indirect ACh receptor agonist

Answer 31

Inhibit cholinesterase

Question 32

Which of the following is an effect of muscarinic receptor antagonist?

Answer 32

increase HR and bronchodilation | Basically cause sympathetic reactions

Question 33

What can be used for IBS and spasms?

Answer 33

Hyoscyamine to decrease GI motility

Question 34

What is used to treat overactive bladder?

Answer 34

Oxybutyin, tolterodine, darifenacin, solifenacin, and trospium Decrease urination because anti cholinergic (cholinergic increases urination) and muscarinic antagonist (against parasympathetic, so sympathetic effects)

Question 35

What drug that is a synthetic catecholamine muscarinic antagonist is used for bronchodilation?

Answer 35

Ipratropium and tiotropium are for bronchodilation; muscarinic antagonist; anti-cholinergic

Question 36

Which synthetic muscarinic antagonist is used to increase mydriasis?

Answer 36

Tropicamide

Question 37

Which non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker eliminated renally has the longest action?

Answer 37

Pancuronium

Question 38

What is synthetic adrenoceptor agonist?

Answer 38

Isoproterenol and dobutamine

Question 39

Have a physician who wants to do open heart surgery: which one stimulates beta 1 and vasodilation of beta 2?

Answer 39

Dobutamine

Question 40

Which drug is used for cardiovascular failure?

Answer 40

Carvatolol Alpha and beta (1 and 2) blocker Increases cardiac output