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Exam number 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define exceptional children

A

individuals who resemble other children in many ways but differ from societal standards of normalcy. these differences may be due to physical, sensory, cognitive, or behavioral characteristics

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2
Q

What does at risk mean, and give some examples of conditions that put children at risk?

A

an infant or child who has a high probability of exhibiting delays in development or developing a disability. could be due to low birth weight, poverty, parents who aren’t as smart as normal.

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3
Q

What is special education and who is eligible for special education services?

A

customized instructional program designed to meet the unique needs of the pupil.
Anyone who falls under the 13 categories.

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4
Q

Be able to give at least six examples of disability categories.

A

Mental Retardation, hearing impairments, autism, traumatic brain injury, emotional disturbance, and orthopedic impairments

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5
Q

Define prevalence.

A

the total number of individuals in a given category during a particular period of time.

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6
Q

What disability category has the highest percentage of children with disabilities?

A

specific learning disabilities

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7
Q

What year were children with ADHD able to receive services for their disability?

A

Section 504 of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973, a civil rights law, prohibits programs that receive federal funds from discriminating against children with disabilities and, under certain circumstances, requires school districts to make accommodations for the ADHD student.

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8
Q

contributions that Jean-Marc Itard and the time frame.

A

Father of SPED. 1774-1838; he founded the behavior modification program using Victor “the wild boy”

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9
Q

contributions of Edouard Sequin and the time frame

A

Itard’s student, 1812-1880; developed instructional program for young children who were special education.
Focused on sensorimotor exercises

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10
Q

Approximately what year did the institutions begin to clo

A

Early 20th century. 1990’s

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11
Q

When did we begin to see special education classes appear in the public schools?

A

1869

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12
Q

What is a self-contained classroom?

A

a separate classroom for children with disabilities, usually found in a public school

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13
Q

three examples of related services that a child might receive.

A

interpreting services
psychological services
physical and occupational therapy

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14
Q

What is the difference between collaboration and consultation?

A

Collaboration-how individuals work together, a style of interaction among professionals
Consultation-a focused problem solving process in which one individual offers support and expertise to another person

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15
Q

multidisciplinary

A

professionals from several disciplines each of whom performs to his or her speciality area

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16
Q

interdisciplinary

A

a group of professionals who function as a team but work independently; recommendations, however are the result of sharing information and joint planning

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17
Q

trans disciplinary teams

A

a group of professionals who function as a team but work independently; however they share roles and a peer is identified as the primary interventionist

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18
Q

Early childhood special education is serving the needs of what age of children?

A

provision of customized services uniquely crafted to meet the individual needs of youngsters with disabilites ages 3 to 5

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19
Q

According to IDEA, at what age do we need to begin planning for transition in a child’s IEP?

A

Beginning at age 16 (or younger, if determined appropriate by the IEP team), the IEP must contain a statement of needed transition services for the student, including, if appropriate, a statement of interagency responsibilities.

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20
Q

Describe Brown verses the Board of Education and explain how that court case had an impact on rights of children with disabilities.

A

Brown vs. board of education made schools equal for both black and white people. no more segragation. Also this made no segragation for special needs students. Civil rights movement of 1960s

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21
Q

What year was the bill PL94-142 signed, and what are the six elements of this law?

A

1975;

FAPE, LRE, IEP, due process, nondiscrimintory assessment, parental participation

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22
Q

FAPE

A

Free, appropriate, public, education

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23
Q

LRE

A

Least, restrictive, environment

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24
Q

IEP

A

Individualized, Education, Plan

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25
Due Process
confidentiality, right to examine records, parents have the right. parents can receive written notice of their rights. right to legal counsel.
26
nondiscrimintory assessment
multidiscipline team assessment- multiple instruments- non bias,
27
parental participation
in decision making need to be active
28
Zero rejection
everyone has the right to free and public education
29
Name two significant elements of PL 99-457.
Preschooler services are now mandatory Part H- offered incentives to serve infants and toddlers- voluntary; all states after sept. 30 1994 had plans to put this in place. IFSP- individualized family service plan; must be developed 45 days after a family requested it.
30
In 1990, PL 94-142 would change their name to IDEA. What does IDEA stand for and why is that name change so significant?
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act PL-94-142 was seen as the bill of rights for special education. Same as PL-101-476: Changed to IDEA because it was more appropriate to say an individual has a disability rather than a handicap.
31
In what year were parents granted the right to sue the school districts for non-compliance with federal laws protecting children’s rights?
1990, under IDEA
32
identify PL 105-17 (passed in 1997)
as the law that would identify that children with disabilities be disciplined in the same way as children without disabilities, that regular education teachers become a part of the IEP team, and that children with disabilities would now be a part of the district wide assessment program.
33
Explain why children with exceptionalities might benefit from schools establishing performance goals in an effort to measure their academic progress and that they would also be counted in the state and district assessment reports. (PL 105-17)
students with special need will benefit from school who establish performance goals because then they have something to look forward to, and they have a goal that they will try to meet.
34
How long dues a parent have, to file a complaint, after a violation has occurred?
two years
35
What public law was the first law specifically aimed at protecting children and adults against discrimination due to a disability?
section 504 of the rehabilitation act of 1973. | PL-93-112
36
Children who have special needs, such as ADHD or asthma, may not need an IEP because they are not academically impaired. They may need some educational adaptations however. What kind of a document would we prepare for these students?
timing and scheduling, setting accomadations
37
pre-referral intervention
instructional or behavioral strategies introduced by a general educator to assist students experiencing difficulty; designed to minimize inappropriate referrals for special education.
38
referral
a formal request by a teacher or parent that a student be evaluated for special education services
39
assessment
the process of gathering information and identifying a student's strengths and needs through a variety of instruments and products ; data used in making decisions
40
Who are some of the professionals that might be a part of a multidisciplinary team?
a group of professionals from different disciplines who function as a team but perform their roles independent of one another
41
Once a referral has been made and the team comes to the table to determine the assessment plan, how many days does the team have to complete their assessment?
30 days
42
Once an initial comprehensive evaluation has been completed by the school district, how often does the school district need to re-evaluate the child?
annually
43
What is the difference between mainstreaming and inclusion?
Mainstreaming- an early term for the practice of integrating students with special needs into a general education classroom for all or part of the school day inclusion- an interpretation of the principle of least restrictive environment advocating that all pupils with disabilities are to be educated in the general classroom
44
By what year will Caucasians be the minority in our country?
2050
45
What impact might it have on the minority child, to only be taught by Caucasian teachers?
Student performance because they are not comfortable by the other race and feel inferier
46
What was the primary concept of the melting pot?
the united states was seen as a cauldron into which diverse people were dumped to melt away their differences, thus creating a citizenry who were very much alike.
47
Define cultural pluralism.
the practice of appreciating and respecting ethnic and cultural differences.
48
Describe the difference between multicultural education and bilingual education.
multicultural education -an ambiguous concept that deals with issues of race, language, social class, and culture as well as disability and gender. Also viewed as an educational strategy wherein the cultural heritage of each pupil is valued bilingual education-is an educational strategy whereby students whose first language is not English are instructed primarily through their native language while developing their competency and proficiency in English
49
People from what countries would identify themselves as Asian or Pacific Islander?
china, india, japan, korea, philippines, samoa
50
American Indian or Alaskan Native
North America
51
Hispanic
Mexico, putero rico, cuban central, south america
52
black
africa
53
white
Europe, north africa, middle east
54
Define ethnocentrism
a perspective whereby a person views his or her cultural practices as correct and those of other groups as inferior, peculiar, or deviant.
55
Approximately how many school age children have another language as their primary language other than English?
20%
56
What might be some of the reasons that minority children are overrepresented in our special education classrooms?
they are wrongfully placed,
57
Explain the difference between field dependent and field independent learners.
field dependent-students who like to work in groups; usually minority students field independent learners.- work alone. Teachers teach in this why normally. Only the teacher knows best
58
What are some of the issues in assessing students from culturally and linguistically diverse groups?
standardized tests not available in their language, bias assessment,
59
Define portfolio assessment.
a type of authentic assessment; samples of different work products gathered over time and across curriculum areas are evaluated
60
Define the eugenics movement.
an early and dismal period in the history of parent- professional relationships.
61
The time period between 1940 – 1970 was characterized by professional dominance. Explain what that means.
professionals frequently adopted an attitude of superiority and were clearly seen as being in control. parents had no say
62
Explain some of the stages that families go through when they come face to face with the birth of a child with disabilities.
primary phase- shock, denial, grief and depression secondary phrase- ambivalence, guilt, anger, shame and embarrassment tertiary phrase- bargaining, adaption and reorganization, acceptance and adjustment
63
Be able to discuss what you might see and the challenges it would create for the teacher if the parents were stuck in the primary stage or the secondary stage of acceptance of their child with a disability.
teachers need to help and be respectful of the parents who are making these transitions. be sensitve and caring
64
What are some of the emotional responses a child might experience towards a sibling with a disability?
resentment, jealousy, hostility, guilt, grief, fear, shame and embarrassment, rejection
65
Be familiar with the five strategies for effective alliances with caregivers of children with special needs.
explain terminology, acknowledge feelings, use a two step process when initially informing parents that their child requires special educational services, keep parents informed, be accountable
66
what is the main reason why there are so many minority students in SPED?
Poverty

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